The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella and their antibiotic resistance pattern against two commonly used antibiotics: ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone in marketed live chickens in a live birds market. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on live Sonali chickens (crossbred of Fayoumi female and Rhode Island Red male). Cloacal swabs were collected from 50 randomly selected live birds from 5 retail sellers (10 samples/seller) at Jhawtola live birds’ market, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Culture and biochemical tests were used to identify Salmonella. Positives samples for Salmonella were further tested for antibiogram by disc diffusion method.Salmonella was identified from 28 (56%) of samples by culture and biochemical test. Among the positive isolates, 27 (96.42%) samples exhibited resistant to ceftriaxone, and 20 (71.42%) samples were to ciprofloxacin.The result of this study indicates there is a high prevalence of Salmonella in marketed local chicken and are resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin which has economic importance as well as a public health concern. Awareness should be increased to prevent random use of antibiotics and provision of strict biosecurity measures.

The study was focused to investigate the occurrence of a fatal capture myopathy (CM) after chemical immobilization during translocation in different places and to evaluate serum enzymes of stressed deer and pathologic alteration of vital organs of dead animals due to CM. Materials and Methods: The experimental data was collected from Bangladesh National Zoo, Dhaka and the experiment was conducted at the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Immediate after capture the animals were allowed to normalize body temperature by pouring sufficient water over the body. Peripheral blood was aspirated from jugular vein for serum biochemical analysis. Once the animals died, vital organs were collected and processed for histology.Data from 2013 to 2018 revealed 178 animals captured through darting and among them 40 animals died due to post-capture myopathy reflecting death rate of 22.47%. We have closely studied on 16 animals captured on different occasions. Serum enzyme analysis were exhibited increased levels of ALT, AST, Bilirubin, Creatinine, BUN, LDH, CK, Troponin, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL and LDL and were highly indicative of stress-linked muscle and organ damage. The macroscopic lesions consisted of muscular and cardiac degeneration, edema, hemorrhage and congestion in lung, adrenal gland and in kidney. Microscopically there were loss of striation and fragmentation of skeletal muscle, formation of contraction band necrosis in myocardial fiber, degenerative changes in renal tubule and formation of central intraluminal eosinophilic casts.The pathological findings were indicative of capture myopathy in spotted deer. This report underlines that mortality from capture is a risk that must be considered during restocking programs.

In this study, prevalence of clinical diseases and disorders of goat at upazilla veterinary hospital, Pirojpur, Bangladesh were calculated and analyzed based on age, sex and seasonal variation during the period from June, 2014 to May, 2015. The protocol of disease diagnosis was mainly based on clinical sings, physical examination and some common laboratory techniques. Total 277 clinical cases (diseases and disorders) of goat were recorded for this study.The prevalence of medicinal, surgical and gynecological cases were 47.29%, 41.16% and 11.55%; respectively. In medicinal cases, prevalence of diarrhea was highest (22.90%) compare to bloat (13.74%), pestedes-petites ruminant (13.74%), shipping fever (12.98%), fever (11.45%), conjunctivitis (11.45%), mite infestation (10.69%) and tetanus (3.05%). Female (63.36%) and older goat (54.20%) were more susceptible to different types of medicinal cases. In surgical cases, prevalence of castration was highest (52.63%) compare to abscess (17.54%), dog bite (16.67%) and foot rot (13.16%). Summer season represented highest surgical case (49.12%) prevalence followed by winter season (33.33%) and rainy season (17.54%). In gynecological cases, prevalence of retained placenta was highest (37.50%) compare to vaginal prolapsed (31.25%) and dystocia (31.25%). Seasonal variation was also observed in gynecological cases and summer season (50%) represented highest case prevalence followed by winter season (37.5%) and rainy season (12.50%).Those prevalence of different diseases and disorders of goat will helpful for clinician to know the disease occurrence according to goat’s age, sex and seasonal variation in this area and will help them to take proper preventive measures against those diseases and disorders.

This study was conducted to investigate the status of brucellosis in dairy cattle from five selected dairy farms in the Mohammadpur Beribadh area of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2010 to March 2011 in which a total of 334 serum samples from cattle in five herds were screened by the Rose-Bengal plate-agglutination test (RBPT) and the positives were confirmed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). A structured questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological information describing the animals. Overall, 4.20% of the animals were RBPT positive, while subsequent confirmatory tests with I-ELISA revealed that the overall animal-level prevalence derived from the samples was 1.20%. Additionally, the prevalence was relatively higher in females than in males. A significant association was found between abortion, age of the animals, and the occurrence of brucellosis (p 0.05). Considering the overall low prevalence of brucellosis in the selected farms in the present study, a brucellosis eradication program for dairy farms using a test-and-slaughter policy would be possible.

Brucellosis is the most important bacterial disease of livestock in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goat and sheep in Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh using slow agglutination test and Rose Bengal test as screening test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as confirmatory test. Questionnaire based data on age, gender, area, client's complaint, number of animals in herds, disease history, reproductive problems such as abnormal uterine discharge, abortion or previous abortion in sheep and goat and their reproductive diseases were recorded. A total of 200 sera samples were collected from 80 sheep and 120 goats. The prevalence of brucellosis in goat was 2.50% and 1.25% in sheep. Positive reactors were only detected in female of both goat and sheep. In this study, there existed a significant association among abortion and the prevalence of brucellosis (p less than 0.01). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat in Bangladesh is not negligible, and it is therefore worth considering the adoption of preventive measures.

The study was conducted to determine the occurrence and distribution patterns of diseases of goat in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of January 2018 to December 2018. Materials and Methods: A total of 452 goats were recorded during the study period. The diseases were diagnosed based on clinical signs, patient owners complain and laboratory findings. The prevalence was measured according to season and age of the goats which were studied. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test and P-value was calculated by using SPSS 25 for windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).Results: In this study, 381 (84.29%) goats were found to be diseased from 452 visited goats at Central veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dhaka. The highest prevalence was found with worm infestation (31.42%) followed by PPR (13.72%), miscellaneous (ruminal acidosis, disuria, repeat breeding) (12.16%), pneumonia (10.18%), dermatitis (4.20%), enteritis (3.76%), urolithiasis (3.09%), bloat (2.65%), mastitis (1.55%), tetanus (1.11%) and protozoal diseases (0.44%). Rainy season represented the highest (86.11%) prevalence of goat diseases followed by winter season (82.85%) and summer season (82.44%). PPR was significantly (p<0.05) more prevalent in winter season than other two seasons. In this study, Goats had significantly higher (p<0.01) prevalence of worm infestation in the summer season (29.00%) and the rainy season (39.35%) and in all three (0-12 months, 13-24 months and >24 months) age groups with 21.64%, 45.06%, and 32.20% respectively. Prevalence of mastitis was lowest in 0-12 months (0.43%) and 13-24 months (0.62%) age group but the prevalence of tetanus was lowest in above 24 months (1.69%) age group.These findings will help to know about age-wise and season wise variation of different diseases of goat in this area and will help to execute proper preventive measures against those diseases.

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in different breed of goats based on age, sex, seasonal variation and vaccination status at Upazilla Veterinary Hospital, Pirojpur Sadar, Bangladesh during the period from January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 319 cases of different breed of goats were recorded in which 43 (13.48%) were infected by Peste des Petits Ruminants. The diagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants was performed based on clinical history, clinical signs and some laboratory techniques. The major clinical signs were high fever, nasal discharge, rapid breathing, mouth lesions and bloody diarrhea.The prevalence was highest in Black Bengal goat (6.90%) compare to Jamunapari (3.76%) and crossbreds (2.82%). Female goats were more susceptible (60.47%) than the male goats (39.53%). 5 months to 11 months aged goats showed highest prevalence (48.84%) followed by 1 to 3 years aged goats (27.91%) and 0 to 4 months aged goats (23.26%). In winter season, the prevalence was highest (55.81%) compare to summer (25.58%) and rainy season (18.60%). The non-vaccinated goats were more susceptible (90.91%) than the vaccinated goats (9.09%).Those prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in different breed of goats based on age, sex, seasons and vaccination will help clinician to know the occurrence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in this area and will help them to take proper preventive measures.

Objective: The goal of this study is to describe the genome of Streptococcus agalactiae that was found in clinical mastitis in cattle in Bangladesh. This work will show how strong the bacteria are and how important they are for public health. Materials and Methods: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by comprehensive analysis with various bioinformatic tools to identify key genomic features. Results: WGS revealed that the isolates are closely related, belonging to sequence type ST4, a rare type previously identified in both human and animal hosts. The isolates possess 44 viru-lence-related genes linked to adherence, capsule biogenesis, enzyme production, immunoreac-tive antigens, protease, and cytolysin production. They also carry two pilus islands (PIs), PI-1 and PI-2b, which are often associated with invasive diseases. PI-2b proteins are key targets for vaccine development against Group B Streptococcus (GBS). The isolates belong to serotype Ia and carry the gbs2018-2 variant, indicating their adaptability to a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals. These virulence factors are critical for understanding S. agalactiae&apos;s pathogenicity and developing vaccines against its infections. Additionally, the isolates harbor antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to glycopeptides (vanT, vanY), macrolides (mreA), peptides (mprF), penicillins and β-lactams (pbp), and aminoglycosides. Source tracking via the BacWGSTdb website identified these isolates as closely related to human pathogens, indicating their zoonotic potential. Conclusion: These results suggest that S. agalactiae could be a zoonotic pathogen. This highlights the need for ongoing genomic surveillance to fully understand how it causes disease and come up with effective ways to control it. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 80-89]

Immediate after the official declaration of COVID-19 in Bangladesh on 8 March 2020, it has created public panic which results in price plummeting of the capital market and price hike of many essential commodities. Worldwide, the outbreak of COVID-19 has declared a pandemic. In response, the Government of Bangladesh has initiated some strict measures such as stopping the entry of passengers from Europe, stopping on-arrival visas and self-quarantine for 2 weeks for all passengers return from abroad. Still, many loopholes exist at the entry points of Bangladesh. Most of the people of Bangladesh are yet to aware of the consequences of COVID-19. In this backdrop, this article has attempted to create public awareness about COVID-19, providing some guidelines to restrict this deadly disease, enlisting current challenges of this disease in Bangladesh. This review would be helpful to undertake future management practices against the fearsome COVID-19 in Bangladesh. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(2.000): 198-208]

Objectives: The present study estimated the seroprevalence of avian reovirus (ARV) infections in backyard chickens of the Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Considering several risk factors, a total of 460 serum samples were col¬lected from backyard chickens from eight Upazilas of the Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Blood samples were taken from the wing vein using 3-ml sterile syringes and kept at room tem¬perature for clotting in a slanting position and then transported to the laboratory maintaining the cool chain. Subsequently, the prepared sera were harvested and stored at &#8722;20&#xb0;C until used. Finally, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect ARV-specific antibodies using a commercial ARV antibody detection ELISA test kit. Results: The results revealed high prevalence rates of ARV antibodies, with a total seroprevalence of 69.78% (321/460). Area-wise, 74.55% (82/110) seroprevalence was recorded as the highest in Mymensingh Sadar, whereas 64% (32/50) was the lowest in Gauripur Upazila. With regard to sex, female chickens showed a significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) seroprevalence as 90.33% (271/300) compared to male chickens 31.25% (50/160). With regard to age groups, the seroprevalence of ARV infection was 59.33% (89/150) within 28 weeks, 82% (205/250) within 916 weeks, and 45% (27/60) within 1720 weeks, respectively. Based on hygienic conditions, the highest sero¬prevalence of ARV was noted in backyard chickens housed in poor conditions 80% (120/150) than good conditions 50% (40/80). Backyard chickens reared in free-ranging conditions exhibited a significantly higher seroprevalence 73.33% (220/300) of ARV antibodies compared to rearing in separate houses 63.12% (101/160). The seroprevalence of ARV was higher in crossbreeds 71.67% (43/60), brought from market 76% (38/50), and unhealthy 78.57% (55/70) backyard chickens than non-descriptive indigenous 69.5% (278/400), home-reared 69.02% (283/410), and healthy chick¬ens 68.21% (266/390). Conclusion: The high prevalence of ARV antibodies revealed in the current study indicates an extensive exposure of ARV to backyard chickens in Bangladesh that may be transmitted naturally to other chickens, ultimately leading to ominous economic effects on the poultry sector. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(3.000): 546-553]