The study aimed to undergo a comprehensive study to provide abroad basic data for thedifferent constituents of the skin of local black goat. To achieve this goal, histological,morphometrical and topographical study was carried out on twelve skin regions taken from twentymale apparently healthy bucks. All samples were collected during the autumn season.Two types ofhair follicles were noticed: large follicles that extend deeply into the dermis; Which representedprimary hair follicles, smaller and shorter but more numerous; called secondary hair follicles. Theprimary hair follicles produce the coarse hair while the secondary hair follicles produce the finehairs. The diameter of the coarse hairs varied in the different skin regions and ranged between(39.98-106.40  m) being larger in the back and lateral surfaces and smaller in the abdomen andmedial surfaces. The diameter of fine hairs ranged between (26.56-39.94  m). The secondary:primary hair follicle ratio varies in the different skin regions and accordingly the fine :coarse hairratio varies as well. The fine: coarse hair ratio was found to be 6.88:1 in the middle back region,5.89:1 in the lateral surface of forelimbs region, 5.86:1 in anterior back region, 5.46:1 in lateralsurface of hind limb, 3.64:1in medial surface of hind limb, 3.32:1 in the skin of theabdomen,3.25:1 in the medial surface of the forelimb, 2.82:1 in the skin of the tail, 2.10:1 in theskin of scrotum, 0.20:1 in the skin of the muzzle, 0.15:1 in the dorsal surface of skin of the ear and0.00:1 in the ventral surface of the skin of the ear. Most of the hair follicles of different regionswere of a compound type in which several secondary hairs share the opening of a primary hairfollicle. In less common circumstances, the secondary follicles open directly on the epidermis butthey remain in a close position to the opening of the accompanied primary follicle. Simple hairfollicles were observed in the ventral surface of the skin of the ear, and in a less extent in thescrotal regions, muzzle region and skin of the dorsal surface of the ear. Hair density varies greatlyin the different skin regions being: 31.68/mm2 in anterior back region, 32.66/mm2 in the middleback region,13.38/mm2 in the abdominal region, 32.76/mm2 in the tail region, 30.30/mm2 in thelateral side of forelimb, 12.50/mm2 in the medial side of the forelimb, 11.52/mm2 in the scrotalregion, 31.12/mm2 in the lateral side of hind limbs, 16.44/mm2 in the medial side of hind limbs,22.22/mm2 in the muzzle region, 9.62/mm2 in the skin of the dorsal surface of the ear and2.92/mm2 in the skin of the ventral surface of the ear.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of subchronic oral exposure to zearalenone (ZEA) at a daily dose of 50 μg of ZEA/kg of body weight (an environmentally relevant concentration) on the reproductive system of rabbit bucks. ANIMALS 8 healthy sexually mature New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURES During the experimental period (March to June), each rabbit underwent a 7-week control protocol and then a 7-week treatment protocol. Water (0.5 mL) or ZEA solution (50 μg/kg [0.5 mL]) was administered orally once daily during the control and treatment period, respectively; ejaculates were collected weekly. Studied end points included semen quality variables (spermatozoa kinetics, morphology, viability, and DNA fragmentation), serum testosterone concentration, and results of histologic examination of the testes and epididymides following euthanasia at the end of the experimental period. RESULTS Treatment with ZEA solution resulted in significant increases in spermatozoa beat-cross frequency, in the percentages of spermatozoa with head and midpiece abnormalities, and in the percentages of DNA-fragmented spermatozoa, compared with effects of the control treatment. Serum testosterone concentration, other spermatozoa velocity variables, and percentages of progressive and total motility, rapidly or slowly moving spermatozoa, and live spermatozoa did not differ significantly between the 2 periods. Histologic examination revealed no patterns of abnormal findings in the testes and epididymides. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral treatment with ZEA solution at an environmentally relevant concentration caused minor interference with rabbit bucks' sperm quality. Although mostly considered mild, the sperm quality changes warrant further investigation in terms of fertilizing capacity impairment.

The semen was collected from five adult Iraqi black local bucks by the artificial vagina and using estrous induced doe the semen was diluted with egg yolk 10% extender and frozen by liquid nitrogen for three months, macroscopic and microscopic evaluation were done after collection, dilution and thawing, three media(TCM-199, DMEM and SOF)were used to see the their effect on activation of spermatozoa. The results showed that TCM-199 media presented higher significance in sperm motility, progressive motility compared with DMEM and SOF media. There was a great decrease in the concentration of spermatozoa after activation using these media which didn’t differ significantly among them and they were higher significantly compared with control in normal morphology.

OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate 3 types of angiographic catheters for retrograde urinary bladder catheterization in healthy male goats. ANIMALS 12 sexually intact yearling Alpine-cross bucks. PROCEDURES Three 5F angiographic catheters of the same length (100 cm) and diameter (0.17 cm) but differing in curvature at the tip were labeled A (straight tip), B (tip bent in 1 place), and C (tip bent in 2 places). During a single anesthetic episode, attempts were made to blindly pass each catheter into the urinary bladder of each goat. Order of catheters used was randomized, and the veterinarian passing the catheter was blinded as to catheter identity. The total number of attempts at catheter passage and the total number of successful attempts were recorded. RESULTS Catheter A was unsuccessfully passed in all 12 goats, catheter B was successfully passed in 8 goats, and catheter C was successfully passed in 4 goats. The success rate for catheter B was significantly greater than that for catheter A; however, no significant difference was identified between catheters B and C or catheters A and C. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE 2 angiographic catheters were identified that could be successfully, blindly advanced in a retrograde direction into the urinary bladder of healthy sexually intact male goats. Such catheters may be useful for determining urethral patency, emptying the urinary bladder, and instilling chemolysing agents in goats with clinical obstructive urolithiasis.