Background: Candidiasis is a fungal infection that is often caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) and in a few cases caused by other Candida species. Infection of gastrointestinal tracts including mouth, esophagus and stomach, as well as enteritis and diarrhea are the most common form of the disease in cattle. Clinical findings: In January 2015 reduction in milk production and severe watery diarrhea were observed in a dairy farm located in Varamin city Tehran, Iran. So that 57.1% of cows with high milk production efficiency and 40% of cows with low milk production efficiency involved severe watery diarrhea. Laboratory tests: in clinical examination of affected animals vital signs such as number of breathing, heart rate, as well as the quality and number of ruminal movements were quite normal. No unusual sings were seen in CBC pattern of affected animals. In stool samples of affected animals no viruses or bacteria were detected while specimens were positive for yeast contamination RapID commercial kits used to identify the genus and species of yeast and C. famata was diagnosed as the cause of diarrhea. Final evaluation: Reports of diarrhea caused by fungal pathogens in animals is very low and Candida species, especially C. albicans and C. glabrata are known as the main causes of fungal diarrhea in animals .This study is the first repot about occurrence of C. famata diarrhea in adult cattle. So that C.famata could be considered as one of the potential causes of diarrhea in cattle.

Incidence of candidiasis and its ability to be a primary infection in a native chicken flock of 500 birds reared in cage system was reported. Grossly, pseudomembranous growth giving turkey-towel appearance was noticed in dead birds. Crops from affected chicken yielded Candida albicans was confirmed by culture and germ tube production in poultry serum from the crop samples collected from affected birds. Administration of copper sulphate was found to be effective in containing illness and the signs associated with candidiasis in the affected flock.

Incidence of candidiasis and its ability to be a primary infection in a native chicken flock of 500 birds reared in cage system was reported. Grossly, pseudomembranous growth giving turkey-towel appearance was noticed in dead birds. Crops from affected chicken yielded Candida albicans was confirmed by culture and germ tube production in poultry serum from the crop samples collected from affected birds. Administration of copper sulphate was found to be effective in containing illness and the signs associated with candidiasis in the affected flock.

Essentiaol oil of thymus vulgaris and origanum vulgare were extracted by hexane and analyzed to the component by GC-MAS Gas chromatography. in vivo study was done on seventy two healthy mature non pregnant female rabbits. Animals were divided into nine groups of eight animals for each one. the first group was injected by 0.1ml physiological saline vaginally and served as a negative control group. All other eight groups were immune suppressed by drenching each animal with (5 mg/kg) dexamethasone once daily for 7 days ,group 2 considered as a dexamethasone control group. Other seven groups were infected vaginally with Candida albicans by (1.5)×〖10〗^8 candida cells/ml once daily for 7 days group 3 considered as vaginal candida (positive) control. The sixth groups then treated once daily for 14 days with ( 0.1) ml of oils according to each group:- group 4 was treated with thyme oil orally, group5 treated with thyme oil vaginally ,group 6 treated with oregano oil orally, group 7 treated with oregano oil vaginally, group 8 treated by oral nystatin, Group 9 treated vaginally with nystatin. Blood was drawn from animals at the end of the experiment all experimental animals were sacrificed and pituitaries; ovaries and uteri were collected and fixed in 10% formalin for histological technique. result explained that candidiasis caused significant increase in progesterone, LH and FSH also decreased in estrogen compared to control. Treatment with thyme or oregano oils by two routs showed decrease in progesterone and an increase in estrogen than candidiasis group. So FSH and LH decreased in groups treated with two oils compared to candidisasis group but not reached to normal level. Nystatin decreased all reproductive hormones. results showed improvement of organs structures in treated with thyme or oregano oils

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of immunization with whole sonicate Brucella abortus antigen on the mice infected with Candida albicans, for that, Twenty one white mice ,both sexes, average weight 20-24g, were divided randomly into (3) equal groups. First group immunized with (0.5)ml of sonicated brucella antigen, two doses, 10 days interval, skin test was done 27 days post-vaccination, 2nd group and 3rd groups served as positive and negative control group respectively. (30) days post-vaccination, 1st and 2nd groups were challenged with (0.5)ml of inoculums (1X10yeast/ml), C. albicans I/P. 3rd group was injected with (0.5)ml of sterile normal saline I/p. The results showed that the immunized animals revealed cellular immune response, negative fungal isolates and minor pathological changes in compared with positive control. Positive control animals show severs fungal isolates from internal organs with sever pathological changes characterized mainly by polymorphonuclear cells infiltration and multiple foci of granulomatous lesion.

A male adult crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) was diagnosed with systemic yeast infection. Histologically, there were extensive areas of necrosis in the lung, which were associated with a diffuse severe lympho-plasmo-histiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, with numerous multinucleated giant cells, and myriads of intralesional pseudo-hyphae and yeast like organisms within distended foveolae. Necrotic foci were also observed in the mucosa of the digestive tract, trachea, tunica intima of arteries, liver, and heart, with a marked inflammatory lympho-histiocytic infiltrate, with large numbers of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells, and intralesional and intravascular pseudo-hyphae and yeast-like organisms. Oval yeast structures with 4 to 6 μm in diameter and 5 to 8 μm thick paralleled-wall pseudo-hyphae were observed in PAS or GMS stained sections. PCR with DNA template extracted from paraffin embedded tissues amplified the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene, which was sequenced and found to be identical to sequences of a new species, isolated from rotting wood in Brazil, of the genus Spencermartinsiella, which its closest relative is Spencermartinsiella cellulosicola.