Outbreaks of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection in chicken flocks in Poland threaten birds’ health and lives and are rising in frequency. The risk of these infections in immunocompromised poultry flocks with developed clinical symptoms was analysed through virus detection in broiler chicks and correlation of cases with the birds’ immune strength.

Gallibacterium anatis is an opportunistic bacteria inducing a range of clinical signs in poultry. Gallibacterium anatis strains show multidrug resistance to antibacterial substances. The purpose of this study was to examine the susceptibility of G. anatis biovar haemolytica isolates collected from the respiratory, reproduction and gastrointestinal tracts of chickens to different antibiotics from various classes.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive disease of chickens resulting in global economic losses to the poultry industry despite extensive vaccination. The emergence of very virulent IBDVs in global epizootics, including those from Egypt, demonstrates how occasionally occurring genetic changes lead to simultaneous evolution of distinct IBDV strains across the world. Upon phylogenetic analysis of Egyptian IBDVs, virus strains from chickens and turkey (n= 146) were clustered within genogroup 3, whereas, twenty nine isolates were closely related to vaccinal strains in genogroup 1. Regarding to sequences from wild birds (cattle egret and green winged teal) were clustered within G1a (n=2) and G3a (n=1) subgen groups. The highest IBDV percentages during 2013-2022 was in 2020 (n=71; 20%) and in Behera Province (n= 54; 15.3%) followed by Sharkia Province (n= 51; 14.4%). The data revealed the characteristic molecular traits of IBDVs circulating in Egypt between 2013 and 2022, which will help in development of effective vaccines subsequently disease prevention. In addition to, it offers helpful insights for carrying out further surveys that are required to increase the understanding of IBDV prevalence in wild migratory and free-living birds.

Avian cellulitis is one of the most important field problems facing the poultry sector. Sever financial losses resulted from the condemnation of the broiler carcasses infected with cellulitis lesions. In light of this, the current study was aimed to isolation and identification of the bacterial species causing cellulitis in broiler chickens in Dakahlia and Sharkia Governorates, Egypt. The bacterial isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular detection of some virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition to evaluate the antibacterial activity of quaternary ammonium compounds and glutaraldehyde (TH4 ®) against the bacterial isolates. Four bacterial species were isolated; E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis with percentages of (75%), (20%), (6%) and (5%) respectively. E. coli was recorded as the most predominant isolated bacteria in this study with12 different sero- groups (O1, O2, O26, O55, O78, O91, O121, O125, O126, O128, O153 and O158). E. coli O78 and O91 were the most prevalent identified sero- groups.  The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed higher resistances against doxycycline and ampicillin (95.6%), amoxicillin (90.7%), norfloxacin (84%), oxytetracycline (79.1%) and amikacin (71.6%) in E. coli, doxycycline (73.3%), oxytetracycline (80%)            ,ampicillin(75%), streptomycin (80%), erythromycin (73.3%), and oxacillin (86.7%) in S. aureus, doxycycline (83.3%), oxytetracycline (77.8%), ampicillin (83.3%), amoxicillin (88.9%), neomycin (72.2%) and erythromycin (77.8%) in P. aeruginosa and doxycycline, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, streptomycin and erythromycin (100% for each of them) in Proteus mirabilis. All isolated bacterial species were multidrug resistance (MDR). The molecular identification showed the detection of virulence genes: iutA in E. coli, nuc in S. aureus, toxA in P.aeruginosa and rsbA in Proteus mirabilis., with percentage of (100%). blaTEM, tetA (A), qnrA, tetK, mecA, aac(6')aph (2''), ereA and aada1 resistance genes were  reported in this study. Quaternary ammonium compounds in combination glutaraldehyde (TH4 ®) with 2% concentration showed the highest antibacterial activity against the examined multidrug resistant bacterial isolates. These results suggested for application of 2% TH4 ® to achieve effective disinfectant programs in poultry farms.