Introduction: Orf virus (ORFV) is a prototype Parapoxvirus species in the Poxviridae family that causes serious zoonotic infectious disease. Goat skin fibroblast (GSF) cells are the major host targets of ORFV. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α are known to play a vital role in immune response during viral infections. However, the manner of variation over time of their level of expression in GSF cells remains unclear.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to explore the effect of enrofloxacin on production of selected cytokines by porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a Deltaretrovirus responsible for enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. It deregulates the immune system, favouring secondary infections and changes in the blood and lymphatic tissues. Blood homeostasis depends on functional haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Bone marrow is populated by these cells, which express CD34+ and CD35+ surface antigens and produce and release cytokines involved in the maintenance of haematopoiesis. The aim of the study was determination of the profile of cytokine production by CD34+ stem cells of cattle naturally infected with BLV.

The aim of the study was evaluation of the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-12β and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the serum and milk of cows with mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae.

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is an acute septicemic disease principally affecting cattle and buffaloes caused by specific serotypes B:2 and E:2 of Pasteurella multocida in Asia and Africa, respectively. Despite continuing researches on pathogenesis of P. multocida for several decades, the mechanisms by which these bacteria develop the diseases are poorly understood. Although the involvement of the nervous system in the disease progress of HS is rare under natural conditions, few reports indicated the involvement of the nervous system in outbreaks of HS in cattle and buffaloes. Additionally, recent pathogenesis studies in both mouse and buffalo experimental models reported the involvement of nervous system due to P. multocida B:2, with bacteriological and histopathological evidences. In this review, we summarized and discussed the updates on the involvement of the nervous system in pathogenesis of HS focusing on clinical signs, pathological and pathophysiological changes. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2015; 2(3.000): 252-262]