Pythiosis is caused by an aquatic fungus-like organism (Pythium insidiosum). It is considered an important public health issue as it can affect both animals and humans. This paper reports a case of gastrointestinal pythiosis in a dog. The patient was hospitalized for four days, during which the animal received supportive and symptomatic treatment. But the applied treatment was unsuccessful and the dog’s clinical condition worsened, culminating in death. Complementary imaging tests such as radiography and ultrasonography, as well as hematological tests, were performed during the hospitalization period. The definitive diagnosis was reached in the postmortem as macroscopic and microscopic characteristics suggested the presence of intestinal granuloma and accentuated multifocal suppurative necrotic enteritis. Additionally, the histological evaluation revealed morphological structures compatible with P. insidiosum. Also, the results of nested PCR performedshowed partial amplification (105 bp) of the ITS1 region of the ribosomal gene of P. insidiosum.

The present study describes the clinical, serological and bacteriolological findingsin calves from two beef herds experiencing outbreaks of pneumonia. The clinical signs were nasal discharge, cough, pyrexia and increased respiratory rates. The morbidity and mortality rates over a month period were 40.72% and 15.63% respectively. Laboratory investigations revealed that bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was involved in and probably initiated both outbreaks as indicated by a significant increase in antibody titers against BVDV in sera of convalescent calves (paired serum samples). No antibodies bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and parainfluenza-3 (BPIV-3) viruses were detected in both acute and convalescent sera. Mycoplasma bovis was concurrently demonstrated in lungs of affected calves as it was isolated from 13 (81.25%) of examined lungs suggesting that there may be a synergism between bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mycoplasma bovis in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. A total of 15 (68.18%) isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica, 5 (22.73%) Pasteurella multocida, 1 (4.54%) Pseudomonase aerugenosa, 3 (13.64%) Staphylococcus aureus, 3 (13.64%) Actinomycis pyogenes, 1 (4.54%) Klebsiella pneumonae, 1 (4.54%) Streptococcus pneumonae, 2 (9.09%) E. coli and 2 (9.09%) Aspergellus fumigatus were recovered from lungs of calves suffering from pneumonia.

A total of 100 fecal samples from goats were coprologically examined to investigate the main cause of diarrhea. Animals were divided according to the age into 3 groups (7-35 days, 35 days - 6month and over one year). The results revealed that Eimeria species was the most predominant parasite (70%), the parasitic gastroenteritis (28%) and Cryptosporidium species (21%). Ten species of Eimeria were identified from the infected animals, E. hirci, E. arloingi, E. intericata, E. ahsata , E. christenseni, E. marisca, E. crandalis, E. weybridegenesis, E. faurei and E. ovina. Three species of parasitic gastroenteritis (Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia species and Trichostrongylus species). Cryptosporidium oocysts were found common in young goats

Objective: The case study describes the cause of an increase in mortality rates among 35-day-old broilers that developed respiratory distress and bloody diarrhea on a farm in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: The organ samples were subjected to laboratory testing and postmortem inspection. Escherichia (E.) coli and Mycoplasma (M.) gallisepticum were detected using bacterial isolation and molecular diagnostics using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Chickens with the infection had widespread fibrin buildup in several organs and hemorrhages on the duodenal mucosa. Additional histology and laboratory analysis of organ samples revealed infection with M. gallisepticum, E. coli, and enteric Eimeria spp., all of which are consistent with complex chronic respiratory disease (CCRD) associated with coccidiosis. Tylosin tartrate 20% (w/w) (2.5 gm/l) was prescribed for 1 week along with a combination of the broad-spectrum bacteriostatic drug streptomycin (25 mg/kg) and coccidiostat (2 gm/5 l). Conclusion: CCRD and coccidiosis are both infectious diseases that can infect chicken flocks, resulting in production losses and carcass quality degradation. Early disease detection and proper treatment should be provided promptly, and tight farm biosecurity should be implemented to prevent chicken mortality on the farm, as was achieved successfully. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(4.000): 576-580]

This study was conducted for the detection of Cryptosporidium (C.) parvum infection in neonatal calves. A total of 220 fecal samples (diarrheic 110 and nondiarrheic 110) of neonatal calves were collected from Mosul city, Iraq over a period of 16 months from November 2010 to March 2012. The age of the calves ranged from 1 to 30 days. All the fecal samples were analyzed by capture direct ELISA. The infection was found in 29.0% (n=32/110) of the diarrheic calves. The infection was mostly prevalent (p<0.001) in the calves of three weeks of age. No C. parvum infection could be detected in the nondiarrheic animals.

Objective: The efficacy of Salmonella typhimurium-specific bacteriophage STP-1 on S. typhimurium infection in weaning piglets was evaluated in this study. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight weaning piglets were randomly allocated to four groups (Group A: non-challenged/basal; Group B: non-challenged/+phage; Group C: challenged/basal; Group D: challenged/+phage) according to S. typhimurium infection or bacteriophage administration. The total experimental period (14 days) was subdivided in to non-challenged periods (phase I; day 17) and challenged periods (phase II; day 714) based on the challenging date (day 7). Each group was fed with basal feed or feed supplemented with bacteriophage STP-1 [1.0 × 109 plaque-forming unit (PFU)/kg] during the whole period (day 114). Body weights (BW) were measured to evaluate growth performance. Clinical symptoms (rectal temperatures and fecal consistency) induced by S. typhimurium were regularly checked. Bacteria colonization levels in feces and intestinal tissue samples were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After necropsy, small intestine samples (jejunum) were collected. Villus height and crypt depth (CD) were measured through histological examination with H&E staining. Results: The supplementation of bacteriophage significantly reduced bacterial colonization and intestine damage in the piglets infected with S. typhimurium. In the antigen concentrations of the feces and jejunum, Group C showed 5.8 ± 0.6, 5.7 ± 0.6, and 1.2 ± 2.0 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml on 1, 3, and 7 days post-inoculation (DPI) and 2.8 ± 1.3 log CFU/ml, whereas Group D showed 3.5 ± 1.7, 2.2 ± 2.1, and 0.3 ± 0.9 log CFU/ml on 1, 3, and 7 DPI and 5.1 ± 0.9 log CFU/ml. In the villous height, Groups C and D showed 266.3 ± 24.1 and 324.6 ± 18.0 μm, respectively. In the goblet cell density of villi and crypts, Group C showed 10.0 ± 1.8 and 16.0 ± 3.7, while Group D showed 15.0 ± 4.8 and 21.1 ± 5.4. Also, the supplementation of bacteriophage significantly improved the growth performance in the infected piglets. The average daily gains of Groups C and D were 91 ± 24 and 143 ± 23, respectively, during the period after inoculation with S. typhimurium. Conclusion: The dietary supplementation of the phage was effective for alleviating S. typhimurium infection in post-weaning piglets. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(3.000): 440-447]