BACKGROUND: Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide which is widely used in paddy fields located in northern parts of Iran, though it is prohibited to be used in many countries. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to investigate sublethal effects of diazinon on blood parameters of common bream Abramis brama. METHODS: In sublethal toxicity test, fish were exposed to diazinon concentrations of 0.04, 0.36, 0.73 and 1.46 mg/l for 14 days and their hematological parameters including WBCs, white cell differential count, RBCs, Hct, Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC were studied.  RESULTS: The results of sublethal toxicity indicated that by increase of toxicant concentration a significant decrease was appeared in WBCs, RBCs, Hct, Hb and MCH both after 7 and 14 days (p<0.05). After 7 days a significant decrease was observed in lymphocytes count which accounted for about %81 of the control group. The neutrophils count was also face the same reduction so that after 14 days of diazinon exposure, the neutrophils counted decreased to about %85 of control group. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding the toxicity of diazinon on various hematological parameters and the diazinon concentration in Iranian waters and considering the fish habitat in the waters which are connected to the Caspian Sea it suggests that the pesticide diazinon affect the fish survival.

In order to estimate the hepato-protective activity of Vit.B12 in diazinon hepatotoxic effect, the current study was performed on twenty-four male adult Wistar rats. They&rsquo;d divided into four equal groups for 30 days: group A (control group) served as control; group B (Dzn group) administered an oral daily dose of 1/10 LD50 (3.8mg/ kg.bw) from diazinon; group C (Dzn + Vit.B12 group) administered an oral daily dose of 1/10 LD50 (3.8 mg / kg bw) from diazinon, in addition to the systemic intramuscular doses of (4&thinsp;mg/kg) from Vit.B12 in daily basis; group D (Vit.B12 group) administered daily systemic intramuscular doses of (4&thinsp;mg/kg) Vit.B12 only. The results showed that group C had a significant improvement in the antioxidant indicators compared with group B in which the CAT, GSH, and SOD serum activities showed significant increasing (P&le;0.05) in group C, in addition, it revealed a significant decreasing (P&le;0.05) in the values of MDA and peroxynitrite comparing to the same levels of the group B. The histological results of the liver of group C showed a great improvement compared with group B which showed normal hepatic architecture consisting of normal hepatocytes, and normal sinusoids with normal other hepatic components except mild central vein dilation. The current study concludes that vitamin B12 helps to ameliorate the diazinon hepatotoxic effects as a model for a wide spread of organophosphorus compounds in agriculture and veterinary sectors by ameliorating its harmful oxidation on the liver since vitamin B12 is cheap and available as a commercial supplement therefore we recommend its uses

A pesticide diazinon is a widely used and easily available in the world so, the general health risks of this compound for environment, human and animals were investigated with emphasis on histopathological effects by oral gavage Sixteen adults laboratory rats from tow sex with diazinon solution for about six weeks. The animals were divided into two groups with (8)animal in each group. The control group was given orally distill water, while the experimental group was given high dose of diazinon 10mg/ml for the first three weeks and up to 20mg/ml for the last three weeks. The most important histopathological changes observed in the internal organs(liver,kidney,heart muscle, lung, stomach and nervous tissue) of the experimental rat include congestion,degeneration, fibrosis, necrosis, vaculation and edema in compared with the control animals .

A five months as toxologic pathologic study of diazinon on male wild pigeons ( Culumba livia gaddi) by oral intubation was done. The animals divided to four groups each with six pigeons: A( high dose 0.6 mg), B( intermediate dose of 0.3 mg), C( low dose 0.15 mg) and D(untreated control). Clinical observation of treated pigeons did not show significant changes, but a clear histopathological changes were founded. In livers of group A showed a periportal foci of mononuclear cells, while, another showed a septal fibrosis and foci of mononuclear cells in the same group. A foci of mononuclear cells were shown in group B. In group C there was a periportal fibrosis, congestion and foci of mononuclear cells. A dilated cortical tubules were showed in kidney in all groups. While, in section from sciatic nerve related to groups (A-C) showed degenerated and vacuolated nerve fibers, and vacuolated nerve fibers were founded in group B and C. A several degenerate vacuolated nerve fibers were founded in the spinal cord of pigeons in A group, while, in B group a degenerate, vacuolated nerve fibers. In C group a several degenerate, vacuolated nerve fibers

Evaluation of amitraz against ticks and mites infestation in cattle and sheep in comparison with diazinon and deltamethrin was performed. Amitraz showed over 95 % inhibition of oviposition and hatching of laid eggs at dilution of 1:500 while diazinon and deltamethrin produced around 90 % inhibition of oviposition at the same dilution. Fed ticks were more susceptible for all tested acaricides than the unfed ticks, where amitraz reached its full effectiveness (100 % kill of fed and unfed) 2 weeks after application while diazinon and deltamethrin produced over 90 % at the same dilution. Spraying application of amitraz 12.5 % resulted in 100 % tick control by day 5 and the effect was maintained for further 28 days whereas diazinon and deltamethrin were fully effective by days 9 and 13, respectively and their efficacy were maintained for 16 and 20 days, respectively. Spraying application of amitraz 12.5 % produced 100 % efficacy as no live mites were found on day 17 and maintained in full effectiveness till day 33 where respraying was needed. In conclusion, amitraz produced rapid detachment of ticks from animals; its residual effect was long and protected animals from re-infestation for 29 days and was able to eradicate psoroptes mite infestation in sheep.

Liza aim fish were exposed to different concentrations of the Diazinon pesticide (Organophosphate pestieide)'(diethyl 2—isopropyI -6- methyl -4- pyriinidiny'l phosphoro ~thionate) in the acute exposure (96) hour and chronic exposure (I4) days , l'llSlDptlI.l]0l0glCE1l examination showed the hyperplasia of tl1c gill tissue, some engorgement with blood of the secondary larnellae, epithelial separation . necrosis . clubbing of epithelial cells and fusion of adjacent secondary lamcllae. These changes different according to the pesticide concentration and it's exposure time

Difierent co1icc1)tratio1) ol'rit;1(npin and Ciprotlox'tcin ~vere tested I'or their activities in iil&gt;(~ a Keywords rifampin --- Leishmanicidal --- CL.