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Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria amongst dogs in Africa: A meta-analysis review
2022
Yaovi,Ayaovi B. | Sessou,Philippe | Tonouhewa,Aretas B.N. | Hounmanou,Gildas Y.M. | Thomson,Deborah | Pelle,Roger | Farougou,Souaïbou | Mitra,Arindam
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat for both human and veterinary medicine. Increasing evidence suggests that animals are important sources of AMR to humans; however, most of these studies focus on production animals. In order to determine the pattern of AMR in pets, mainly in dogs in Africa, a meta-analysis was performed with AMR studies conducted in African countries and published between January 2000 and January 2021 in four databases: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Cab abstract and Google Scholar. Seven bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (SNC) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius were included in this study. A total of 18 out of 234 indexed articles met the study criteria. The results revealed that multiple bacteria were resistant to various commonly used antibiotics including enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, cotrimoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Concerning multidrug resistance, E. coli strains came first with the highest prevalence of 98%, followed by P. aeroginosa (92%) and Salmonella spp. (53%). In contrast, the overall prevalence of multidrug resistance was low for S. aureus (18%) and S. pseudintermedius (25%). It is therefore urgent to find, as soon as possible, alternatives to replace these antibiotics, which have become ineffective in controlling these bacteria in dogs in Africa. Moreover, further metagenomic studies are needed to describe the full resistome and mobilome in dogs regardless of the bacteria.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter spp. occurrence in healthy dogs visiting four rural community veterinary clinics in South Africa
2019
Karama, Musafiri(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Paraclinical Sciences) | Cenci-Goga, Beniamino T.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Paraclinical Sciences,University of Perugia Laboratorio di Ispezione degli alimenti di origine animale Department of Veterinary Medicine) | Prosperi, Alice(Experimental Zooprofilattico Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini ,University of Bologna Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences) | Etter, Eric(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Production Animal Studies,University of Montpellier) | El-Ashram, Saeed(Foshan University College of Life Science and Engineering ,Kafr ElSheikh University Faculty of Science) | McCrindle, Cheryl(University of South Africa Department of Agriculture and Animal Health) | Ombui, Jackson N.(University of Nairobi College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology) | Kalake, Alan(Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development,)
Reports on the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs in South Africa are non-existent. This study investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in 481 dogs visiting four rural community veterinary clinics in South Africa. Dogs were screened for Campylobacter spp. by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between sex, clinic, breed and age and the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 41.50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.39% - 46.04%). Campylobacter jejuni, C. upsaliensis and C. coli were detected in 29.31% (95% CI, 25.42% - 33.54%), 13.10% (95% CI, 10.37% - 16.42%) and 5.41% (95% CI, 3.71% - 7.82%) of dogs, respectively. Dogs carrying more than one species of Campylobacter spp. accounted for 6.23% (95% CI, 4.40% - 8.78%). Campylobacter upsaliensis and C. jejuni were detected in 3.74% (95% CI, 2.37% - 5.86%), whereas C. coli and C. jejuni were found in 2.49% (95% CI, 1.42% - 4.34%) of dogs. Age and clinic were the risk factors significantly associated with Campylobacter spp. occurrence, while age, breed and clinic were predictors of C. jejuni carriage. Furthermore, age was the only risk factor associated with a higher likelihood of carrying C. upsaliensis. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis increased significantly as dogs grew older. In addition, the odds of carrying Campylobacter spp. were higher in the Staffordshire bull terrier breed compared to crossbreed dogs. In conclusion, this study shows that dogs visiting rural community veterinary clinics in South Africa are reservoirs of Campylobacter spp. and may be potential sources of Campylobacter spp. for humans living in close proximity of the dog populations under study.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Seasonal activity of ticks infesting domestic dogs in Bejaia province, Northern Algeria
2019
Kebbi, Rosa(University of Bejaia Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences Department of Environment Biological Sciences) | Nait-Mouloud, Mohamed(University of Bejaia Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences Department of Environment Biological Sciences) | Hassissen, Lila | Ayad, Abdelhanine(University of Bejaia Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences Department of Environment Biological Sciences)
This epidemiological study aimed to determine the species of tick infestation in dogs, their prevalence and dynamic in the Bejaia province, northeastern Algeria. A total of 631 dogs were examined from different localities of the Bejaia province between March 2016 and February 2017. Of the 631 examined dogs, 15% were infested with one or more tick species. A total of 339 adult ticks were collected and identified, including 199 male tick species and 140 female tick species. Our results revealed that most of these were Rhipicephalus species, with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (51.32%) being the most prevalent followed by Rhipicephalus bursa (35.1%) and Rhipicephalus turanicus (12.98%). Ixodes ricinus represented only 0.6% of all ticks collected. The highest infested seasons were spring (22.55%) and summer (22.54%) and the lowest infested seasons were autumn (8.62%) and winter ( 0.9%). There is no significant difference between the sex of the animal and the prevalence of infestation (p = 0.837). Also, the prevalence of infestation by ticks in young animals was higher than that in adult animals (p = 0.550). A significant difference between the prevalence of infestation and animal breed was observed (p = 0.042). This study is the first epidemiological investigation conducted on the prevalence of hard ticks infesting domestic dogs in Bejaia (northeastern Algeria) based on conventional methods. It is therefore necessary to implement an effective tick control strategy during infestation periods in order to prevent vector-borne diseases.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in young livestock and dogs in Magude District of Maputo Province, Mozambique
2019
Miambo, Regina D.(Eduardo Mondlane University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Para-Clinics,University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science School of Life Science) | Laitela, Benigna(Eduardo Mondlane University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Para-Clinics) | Malatji, Mokgadi P.(University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science School of Life Science) | Afonso, Sonia M. de Santana(Eduardo Mondlane University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Para-Clinics) | Junior, Alberto P.(Eduardo Mondlane University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Para-Clinics) | Lindh, Johan(Uppsala University Department of Cell and Molecular Biology) | Mukaratirwa, Samson(University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science School of Life Science)
BACKGROUND: Giardia and Cryptosporidium species are significant zoonotic parasites of humans and domesticated animals. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in livestock and dogs of the Magude District. METHOD: The flotation technique (Willis), modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) and direct and indirect immunofluorescence (DIF and IIF) techniques were applied to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species in faecal samples of dog pups (156), goat kids (60) and calves (480) from the Magude District of Mozambique from February to September 2015. RESULTS: Using Willis, IIF and DIF, the prevalence of Giardia in calves was 0%, 8.1%, and 6.0%; in dogs 0.6%, 8.3% and 5.7% and for goats 0% and 13.3% (IIF was not performed), respectively. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves using Willis, mZN, IIF and DIF was 0%, 3.8%, 4.7% and 0.4% and in dogs 0%, 0.6%, 6.4% and 0.6%, respectively. The parasite was not detected in goats. CONCLUSION: Results from the present study showed that IIF performed better diagnosis of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and that the mZN can be used as an alternative for Cryptosporidium because of the high cost of IIF. There is a need for identification of genotypes or subtypes of these parasites through application of molecular techniques in order to determine their zoonotic potential, and we advocate a 'one health' approach in the control and prevention of these parasites.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Ixodid ticks on dogs belonging to people in rural communities and villages in Maputo Province, Mozambique
2008
De Matos, C.(Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Mozambique ,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Sitoe, C.(Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Mozambique) | Neves, L.(Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Faculdade de Veterinária) | Bryson, N.R.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Horak, I.G.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases,Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute ,University of the Free State Department of Zoology and Entomology)
The species composition and geographic distribution of ixodid ticks infesting domestic dogs owned by people in rural communities and villages in Maputo Province was established by collecting ticks from dogs at each of 27 localities spread throughout the province. Ticks were collected from a total of 132 dogs, and nine species belonging to four genera were identified. One dog was infested with six species, three with five and 13 with four species. Haemaphysalis elliptica followed by Rhipicephalus simus were present on dogs at most localities, and their geographic distribution in Maputo Province has been mapped for the first time.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Species composition and geographic distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in a temperate and in a subtropical region of south-east Africa
2009
Horak, I.G.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases,University of the Free State Department of Zoology and Entomology) | Nyangiwe, N.(Döhne Agricultural Development Institute ,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | De Matos, C.(Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Mozambique ,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Neves, L.(Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Faculdade de Veterinária)
The species and distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in the eastern region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa and Maputo Province, Mozambique were determined from collections made from these animals at 72 localities in the former region and 30 in the latter. Eleven ixodid and one argasid species were recovered in the Eastern Cape Province and 15 ixodid species in Maputo Province. The most common ticks infesting cattle and goats in both provinces were Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. The dominant species on dogs were Haemaphysalis elliptica and Rhipicephalus simus. The geographic distributions of the major species and some of the minor species in both regions were plotted. The partial or complete displacement of the indigenous tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus by the introduced species R. (B.) microplus was a major feature of both surveys.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]A laboratory comparison of the life cycles of the dog ticks Haemaphysalis leachi and Rhipicephalus sanguineus
2004
Jacobs, P.A.H. | Fourie, L.J. | Horak, I.G. (Free State Univ., Bloemfontein (South Africa). Zoology and Entomology Dept.)
Protective levels of canine distemper virus antibody in an urban dog population using plaque reduction neutralization test
2004
Oyedele, O.I. (Witwatersrand Univ., Johannesburg (South Africa). Anatomical Sciences School) | Oluwayelu, D.O. | Cadmus, S.I.B. | Odemuyiwa, S.O. | Adu, F.D.
Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLIII. Ixodid ticks of domestic dogs and cats in the Western Cape Province
2003
Horak, I.G. (Pretoria Univ., Onderstepoort (South Africa). Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Matthee, S.
First evidence of Anaplasma platys in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodida) collected from dogs in Africa
2003
Sanogo, Y.O. | Davoust, B. | Inokuma, H. | Camicas, J.-L. | Parola, P. | Brouqui, P.