Inflammation is one of the main causes of impaired health in livestock and some of its processes weaken animal productivity and impact human health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of echinacea extract (cichoric acid – CA) on yak peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), inflammatory-related factors, and the toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signalling pathway induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in these PBMCs.

Piperlongumine (PL) is a bioactive alkaloid and medicinal compound of piperamide isolated from the long pepper (Piper longum Linn). It has demonstrated bactericidal action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the cause of pulmonary tuberculosis; nevertheless, immunomodulatory activity had not been identified for it in MTB-triggered granulomatous inflammation. This study investigated if piperlongumine could inhibit such inflammation.

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a challenge for the veterinary practitioner since its etiology and treatments are still undefined. The present paper investigated the role of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in the severity of the FCGS. Oral mucosal biopsies obtained from 19 cats with FCGS were divided into two groups according to their FIV serology status. Later, the clinical lesion score was correlated with the histopathological grade of FCGS lesions and the degree of immunostaining in both groups. Most of the animals had significant histological changes; however, no correlation with FIV immunostaining intensity was observed. It was concluded that the presence of FIV infection or the animal’s seropositivity status does not seem to interfere with the severity of clinical signs nor the degree of histopathological changes when compared to the seronegative group.

Objective: The work aimed to determine the state of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of the antioxidant system in cats with aseptic inflammation and purulent-inflammatory processes of varying severity. Materials and Methods: The intensity of the process of lipid peroxidation- antioxidant system processes in blood plasma was evaluated using commercial kits. The level of diene conjugates (DC), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the level of medium-weight molecules were deter¬mined from lipid peroxidation indices. The state of antioxidant protection was assessed by indi¬cators of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CT), ceruloplasmin (CP) concentration, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase (GLR), and total antioxidant activity (AOA). Results: With aseptic inflammation in the blood of cats, a slow activation of peroxidation reactions occurred. The DC indicator increased by 1.4 times, the SOD level rose by 1.38 times, the amount of GLR by 1.04 times, and the activation of total AOA by 9.06. In sepsis, the values of DC, MDA, and medium-weight molecules increased by 4.4, 8.4, and 8.8 times, respectively. With abscesses in the blood of cats, an increase in CT, CP, and GLR is observed against a background of a decrease in glutathione peroxidase. With purulent wounds, the total AOA of plasma increases by 2.5 times; with abscesses, the total AOA increases by 1.9 times, and with sepsis, it decreases by 1.5 times. Conclusion: With surgical infections in cats, deep biochemical changes or irreversible biochemical changes (in sepsis) occur that indicate a significantly enhanced catabolic orientation of metabolic processes and the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which leads to damage and a decrease in tissue regenerative capacity. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(2.000): 210-217]

Acetaminophen is an analgesic antipyretic commonly used. Hepatotoxicity is one of the most common obstacles to acetaminophen therapy. Eucalyptus oil is an antioxidant with potent free radical-capturing activities. This research was designed to evaluate the inhibitory impact of Eucalyptus oil versus acetaminophen-triggered hepatotoxicity. The composition of Eucalyptus was detected utilizing gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Forty-eight rats were assigned into six groups; control group, acetaminophen group (500mg/kg I.P twice on the 17th and, 20th of the experiment), silymarin group (50mg/kg, I.P once daily for three weeks), Eucalyptus oil group (30mg/kg orally once daily for three weeks), acetaminophen +silymarin group and Eucalyptus +acetaminophen group. gas chromatography mass spectroscopy discovered four compounds in Eucalyptus with eucalyptol representing the main compound. revealed that acetaminophen remarkably elevated serum alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, whereas it declined serum albumin and total protein levels. In addition, hepatic oxidant/antioxidant imbalance was evident in acetaminophen-intoxicated rats by the rising of lipid peroxidation biomarker; malondialdehyde and the downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its transcriptional mediators; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione. Furthermore, following acetaminophen injection, there was a remarkable increase in transforming growth factor-β gene expression, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin1-β levels along with a decline in interleukin-10 levels. Immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations were in parallel with the abovementioned results. However, all these abnormalities were significantly abrogated in rats pretreated with Eucalyptus. We conclude that prior administration of Eucalyptus oil counteracted acetaminophen-mediated hepatotoxicity via powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic impacts.