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Human and animal fasciolosis: Coprological survey in Narok, Baringo and Kisumu counties, Kenya
2022
Kipyegen,Cornelius K. | Muleke,Charles I. | Otachi,Elick O.
Fasciolosis is caused by digenean trematodes of the genus Fasciola. The principal definitive hosts are cattle, sheep and goats. Humans are infected as accidental hosts. Fasciolosis is one of the major neglected tropical diseases and is considered an emerging zoonotic infection. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of human and domestic animal fasciolosis in selected counties in Kenya. Stool samples for Fasciola diagnosis were collected from humans and domestic animals and transported to the laboratory at Egerton University and processed using sedimentation technique and examined for the presence of eggs. A total of 272 human samples collected were all negative for Fasciola eggs. A total of 582 domestic animals (cattle [46.0%], sheep [29.9%] and goats [24.1%]) samples collected had overall prevalence of 30.9% for Fasciola infection. There was no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the prevalence of fasciolosis and origin of the animals, sex and season. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the prevalence of fasciolosis and domestic animals, age and body condition. The prevalence of fasciolosis was high in two irrigation schemes which favour the breeding of intermediate host snail and grazing of animals along the irrigation canals where metacercaria of Fasciola parasites could be present on the vegetation. Although human fasciolosis was not detected in this study, the presence of animal fasciolosis can pose public health risk because of its zoonotic nature. Therefore, it is important to introduce measures which would help to reduce the exposure of animals to Fasciola infection.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Detection of Anaplasma antibodies in wildlife and domestic species in wildlife-livestock interface areas of Kenya by major surface protein 5 competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
2008
Ngeranwa, J.J.N.(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute ,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Shompole, S.P.(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute) | Venter, E.H.(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute) | Wambugu, A.(Kenya Agricultural Research Institute) | Crafford, J.E.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Penzhorn, B.L.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases)
The seroprevalence of Anaplasma antibodies in wildlife (eland, blue wildebeest, kongoni, impala, Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle, giraffe and plains zebra) and domestic animal (cattle, sheep and goat) populations was studied in wildlife/livestock interface areas of Kenya. Serum samples were analyzed by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA), using a recombinant antigen (MSP-5) from Anaplasma marginale surface membrane. A monoclonal antibody, FC-16, was used as the primary antibody, while anti-mouse conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was used as the secondary antibody. The results indicate a high seroprevalence in both wildlife and livestock populations, in contrast to earlier reports from Kenya, which indicated a low seroprevalence. The differences are attributed to the accurate analytical method used (CI-ELISA), as compared with agglutination techniques, clinical signs and microscopy employed by the earlier workers.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Molecular detection and genetic characterisation of pathogenic Theileria, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species among apparently healthy sheep in central and western Kenya
2019
Ringo, Aaron E.(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Aboge, Gabriel O.(University of Nairobi Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology) | Moumouni, Paul F. Adjou(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Lee, Seung Hun(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Jirapattharasate, Charoonluk(Mahidol University Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science) | Liu, Mingming(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Gao, Yang(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Guo, Huanping(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Zheng, Weiqing(Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Disinfection and Vector Control) | Efstratiou, Artemis(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Galon, Eloiza M.(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Li, Jixu(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Thekisoe, Oriel(North-West University Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management) | Inoue, Noboru(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine) | Suzuki, Hiroshi(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Xuan, Xuenan(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases)
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) caused by Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species are common in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we investigated the presence and genetic diversity of Theileria spp., Anaplasma ovis, B. ovis, E. ruminantium and Anaplasma spp. in sheep from the Machakos and Homa Bay counties of Kenya. In order to improve the diagnosis and control of ovine TBDs, a total of 76 blood samples from apparently healthy sheep were screened using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The assays were conducted using primers based on Theileria spp. 18S rRNA, Anaplasma ovis Major surface protein-4 (AoMSP4), B. ovis 18S rRNA, E. ruminantium pCS20 and Anaplasma spp. 16S rRNA. The overall infection rates for Theileria spp., A. ovis, E. ruminantium and Anaplasma spp. were 39/76 (51.3%), 26/76 (34.2%), 6/76 (7.9%) and 31/76 (40.8%), respectively. The overall co-infection was 47/76 (61.8%). All Theileria spp. positive samples were confirmed to be of Theileria ovis on sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequences of T. ovis revealed that all isolates of this study clustered with T. ovis sequences extracted from the GenBank suggesting this gene is highly conserved. E. ruminantium pCS20 sequences were in the same clade on the phylogenetic tree. However, three AoMSP4 sequences from this study appeared in the same clade, while one sequence formed a separate branch revealing genetic divergence. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed uncharacterised Anaplasma spp. and A. ovis. The phylogenetic analyses of the uncharacterised Anaplasma spp. revealed that the two sequences from this study appear in an independent clade from other sequences extracted from the GenBank. This study provides important information regarding the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens and their degree of genetic diversity among sheep in Kenya, which is useful for the diagnosis and control of TBDs.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis)
2019
Kariuki, Edward(Kenya Wildlife Service Department of Veterinary Services ,Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology School of Biomedical Sciences) | Kutima, Hellen(Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Department of Zoology) | Kock, Michael(International Wildlife Veterinary Services) | Horak, Ivan G.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Jooste, Roaland(Bayer (Pty) Ltd, Isando Animal Health Division) | Neves, Luis(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases)
Eight ixodid tick species were collected from 173 African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Kenya, northern Mozambique and Zimbabwe, and two species were collected from six African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in the Republic of Congo. A new host record is reported for Amblyomma eburneum. A list of ticks collected from elephants in various African countries, and stored in the United States National Tick Collection, is supplied as well as an annotated checklist of the 27 ixodid tick species that have been collected from African elephants. The geographic distributions and alternative hosts of the various tick species collected from elephants are briefly discussed.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Association of trypanosomosis risk with dairy cattle production in western Kenya
2005
Mugunieri, G.L. | Matete, G.O. (Trypanosomosis Research Center, Kikuyu (Kenya))
Animal-level risk factors for Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels in eastern and central parts of Kenya
2002
Ngaira, J.M. | Bett, B. | Karanja, S.M. (Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Inst., Kikuyu (Kenya))
Alternative cell lines for the propagation of lumpy skin disease virus
2001
Binepal, Y.S. | Ongadi, F.A. | Chepkwony, J.C. (Kenya Agricultural Research Inst., Nairobi (Kenya))
Comparison of immune responses of two Salmonella gallinarum strains viewed as possible vaccines for fowl typhoid in Kenya
1998
Bebora, L.C. | Nyaga, P.N. | Kimoro, C.O. (Nairobi Univ., Kabete (Kenya). Dept. of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology)
Causes of calf mortality in Kabete area of Kenya
1995
Mulei, C.M. (Nairobi Univ. (Kenya). Dept. of Clinical Studies) | Gitau, G.K. | Mbuthia, P.G.
The use of preserved colostrum for rearing replacement dairy calves: calf performance, economics and on-farm practicability in Kenya
1995
Karioki, D.I. (Nairobi Univ. (Kenya). Dept. of Clinical Studies) | Gitau, G.K. | Munyua, S.J.M.