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Evaluation of the effect of surgical and immunological castration of male pigs on boar taint compounds in oral fluid and fat tissue by LC-MS/MS method 全文
2020
Woźniak-Sobczak, Barbara | Cybulski, Piotr | Jabłoński, Artur | Witek, Sebastian | Matraszek-Żuchowska, Iwona
Evaluation of the effect of surgical and immunological castration of male pigs on boar taint compounds in oral fluid and fat tissue by LC-MS/MS method 全文
2020
Woźniak-Sobczak, Barbara | Cybulski, Piotr | Jabłoński, Artur | Witek, Sebastian | Matraszek-Żuchowska, Iwona
An effective way of preventing undesirable boar taint in pork meat caused by the presence of androstenone, skatole and indole is surgical castration of piglets. This, however, arouses growing social opposition. An alternative method of inhibiting the development of unpleasant odour is immune castration. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of both methods of castration for the elimination of the compounds responsible and to assess the suitability of oral fluid for pre-slaughter predictive testing for boar taint. The research material was pooled oral fluid and fat samples taken from gilts and surgically and immunologically castrated piglets. The samples were tested with a liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry method developed in this research. The compounds giving rise to boar taint were found only sporadically above the accepted limits; only one sample of oral fluid contained skatole at a concentration above 200 μg L⁻¹ and one contained indole more concentrated than 100 μg L⁻¹. Indole above the limit value was also detected in one fat sample. In none of the tested samples was androstenone found. The results indicate the similar effectiveness of both methods of piglet castration on the reduction of compounds generating boar taint. The usefulness of testing oral fluid for the ante-mortem prediction of boar taint has not been fully confirmed and further investigation is needed.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Evaluation of the effect of surgical and immunological castration of male pigs on boar taint compounds in oral fluid and fat tissue by LC-MS/MS method 全文
2020
Woźniak Barbara | Cybulski Piotr | Jabłoński Artur | Witek Sebastian | Matraszek-Żuchowska Iwona
An effective way of preventing undesirable boar taint in pork meat caused by the presence of androstenone, skatole and indole is surgical castration of piglets. This, however, arouses growing social opposition. An alternative method of inhibiting the development of unpleasant odour is immune castration. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of both methods of castration for the elimination of the compounds responsible and to assess the suitability of oral fluid for pre-slaughter predictive testing for boar taint.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Genetic characterisation of African swine fever virus in outbreaks in Ha Nam province, Red River Delta Region of Vietnam, and activity of antimicrobial products against virus infection in contaminated feed 全文
2020
Tran, Ha Thi Thanh | Truong, Anh Duc | Ly, Duc Viet | Vũ, Thị Hảo | Hoàng, Văn Tuấn | Nguyễn, Thị Chính | Chu, Thi Nhu | Nguyen, Thi Huyen | Pham, Ngoc Thi | Nguyen, Tinh | Yersin, Andrew G. | Dang, Hoang Vu
Genetic characterisation of African swine fever virus in outbreaks in Ha Nam province, Red River Delta Region of Vietnam, and activity of antimicrobial products against virus infection in contaminated feed 全文
2020
Tran, Ha Thi Thanh | Truong, Anh Duc | Ly, Duc Viet | Vũ, Thị Hảo | Hoàng, Văn Tuấn | Nguyễn, Thị Chính | Chu, Thi Nhu | Nguyen, Thi Huyen | Pham, Ngoc Thi | Nguyen, Tinh | Yersin, Andrew G. | Dang, Hoang Vu
African swine fever (ASF) was officially reported in Vietnam in February 2019 and spread across the whole country, affecting all 63 provinces and cities. In this study, ASF virus (ASFV) VN/Pig/HaNam/2019 (VN/Pig/HN/19) strain was isolated in primary porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells from a sample originating from an outbreak farm in Vietnam’s Red River Delta region. The isolate was characterised using the haemadsorption (HAD) test, real-time PCR, and sequencing. The activity of antimicrobial feed products was evaluated via a contaminated ASFV feed assay. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral p72 and EP402R genes placed VN/Pig/HN/19 in genotype II and serogroup 8 and related it closely to Eastern European and Chinese strains. Infectious titres of the virus propagated in primary PAMs were 10⁶ HAD₅₀/ml. Our study reports the activity against ASFV VN/Pig/HN/19 strain of antimicrobial Sal CURB RM E Liquid, F2 Dry and K2 Liquid. Our feed assay findings suggest that the antimicrobial RM E Liquid has a strong effect against ASFV replication. These results suggest that among the Sal CURB products, the antimicrobial RM E Liquid may have the most potential as a mitigant feed additive for ASFV infection. Therefore, further studies on the use of antimicrobial Sal CURB RM E Liquid in vivo are required. Our study demonstrates the threat of ASFV and emphasises the need to control and eradicate it in Vietnam by multiple measures.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Genetic characterisation of African swine fever virus in outbreaks in Ha Nam province, Red River Delta Region of Vietnam, and activity of antimicrobial products against virus infection in contaminated feed 全文
2020
Tran Ha Thi Thanh | Truong Anh Duc | Ly Duc Viet | Vu Thi Hao | Hoang Van Tuan | Nguyen Thi Chinh | Chu Thi Nhu | Nguyen Thi Huyen | Pham Ngoc Thi | Nguyen Tinh | Yersin Andrew G. | Dang Hoang Vu
African swine fever (ASF) was officially reported in Vietnam in February 2019 and spread across the whole country, affecting all 63 provinces and cities.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]New method of analysis of nitrofurans and nitrofuran metabolites in different biological matrices using UHPLC-MS/MS 全文
2018
Śniegocki, Tomasz | Giergiel, Marta | Sell, Bartosz | Posyniak, Andrzej
New method of analysis of nitrofurans and nitrofuran metabolites in different biological matrices using UHPLC-MS/MS 全文
2018
Śniegocki, Tomasz | Giergiel, Marta | Sell, Bartosz | Posyniak, Andrzej
The major difficulty in analysis of nitrofurans in feed, feed water, and food of animal origin is that nitrofurans have low molecular weights and fast metabolism. The principal goal of this study was to prepare a procedure for the determination of nitrofurans and their metabolites by a single method in different types of feed, feed water, and food of animal origin. Two-gram samples were subjected to hydrolysis and derivatisation processes by addition of hydrochloric acid and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. After incubation the sample was purified by solid phase extraction technique. Nitrofurans were analysed using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results of validation fulfil the requirement of the confirmatory criteria according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC regarding apparent recoveries (88.9%–107.3%), repeatability (2.9%–9.4%) and within-laboratory reproducibility (4.4%–10.7%). The method can be successfully applied to monitor nitrofurans and their metabolites in different matrices.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]New method of analysis of nitrofurans and nitrofuran metabolites in different biological matrices using UHPLC-MS/MS 全文
2018
Śniegocki Tomasz | Giergiel Marta | Sell Bartosz | Posyniak Andrzej
The major difficulty in analysis of nitrofurans in feed, feed water, and food of animal origin is that nitrofurans have low molecular weights and fast metabolism. The principal goal of this study was to prepare a procedure for the determination of nitrofurans and their metabolites by a single method in different types of feed, feed water, and food of animal origin.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]In-house validation method for quantification of amoxicillin in medicated feedingstuffs with the use of HPLC-DAD technique 全文
2020
Patyra, Ewelina | Kwiatek, Krzysztof
In-house validation method for quantification of amoxicillin in medicated feedingstuffs with the use of HPLC-DAD technique 全文
2020
Patyra, Ewelina | Kwiatek, Krzysztof
A high-performance liquid chromatographic–diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for the determination of amoxicillin in medicated feedingstuffs was developed and validated. The method was used to investigate the quality requirements of animal feedingstuffs (declared content of active substance and feed homogeneity). Two-gram samples were extracted by potassium phosphate buffer solution. Extracts were filtered and directly analysed by HPLC-DAD without further clean-up. Amoxicillin was separated by acetonitrile and 0.01M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column. This method provided average recoveries of 76.1 to 81.6% with coefficients of variation (CV, %) for repeatability and reproducibility in the ranges of 3.7–7.2% and 5.3–7.6%, respectively. The limit of detection was 51.2 mg/kg and limit of quantification was 103.0 mg/kg. The method was successfully validated and proved to be efficient, precise, and useful for quantification of amoxicillin in medicated feedingstuffs.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]In-house validation method for quantification of amoxicillin in medicated feedingstuffs with the use of HPLC-DAD technique 全文
2020
Patyra Ewelina | Kwiatek Krzysztof
A high-performance liquid chromatographic–diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for the determination of amoxicillin in medicated feedingstuffs was developed and validated. The method was used to investigate the quality requirements of animal feedingstuffs (declared content of active substance and feed homogeneity).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Evaluation of vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization on the in vitro efficacy of meropenem-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate beads 全文
2019
Druham, Myra E. | Elfenbein, Johanna R.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) sterilization on the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of meropenem-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (M-PMMA) beads. SAMPLE 6-mm-diameter polymethyl methacrylate beads that were or were not impregnated with meropenem. PROCEDURES Meropenem-free polymethyl methacrylate and M-PMMA beads were sterilized by use of an autoclave or VHP or remained unsterilized. To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of each bead-sterilization combination (treatment), Mueller-Hinton agar plates were inoculated with 1 of 6 common equine pathogens, and 1 bead from each treatment was applied to a sixth of each plate. The zone of bacterial inhibition for each treatment was measured after 24 hours. To estimate the duration of antimicrobial elution into a solid or liquid medium, 1 bead from each treatment was transferred every 24 hours to a new Staphylococcus aureus–inoculated agar plate or a tube with PBS solution, and an aliquot of the eluent from each tube was then applied to a paper disc on an S aureus–inoculated agar plate. All agar plates were incubated for 24 hours, and the zone of bacterial inhibition was measured for each treatment. RESULTS In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of M-PMMA beads was retained following VHP sterilization. The duration of antimicrobial elution in solid and liquid media did not differ significantly between unsterilized and VHP-sterilized M-PMMA beads. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that M-PMMA beads retained in vitro antimicrobial activity and eluted the drug for up to 2 weeks after VHP sterilization.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effects of a nutrient-enriched water with and without poultry flavoring on water intake, urine specific gravity, and urine output in healthy domestic cats fed a dry kibble diet 全文
2018
Zanghi, Brian M. | Wils-Plotz, Emma | DeGeer, Staci | Gardner, Cari L.
OBJECTIVE To investigate water intake and urine measures in healthy cats provided free-choice access to a nutrient-enriched water with (NWP) or without (NW) added poultry flavoring offered at 3 different volumes in addition to tap water (TW). ANIMALS 36 domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURES Control group cats (n = 4) received dry food with TW ad libitum throughout the study. Cats of the NW and NWP groups (n = 16/group) received the same food with TW only (period 1; 7 days) followed by TW and the assigned treatment ad libitum at 1X, 1.5X, and 2X the volume of TW consumed in period 1 during periods 2 (17 days), 3 (10 days), and 4 (10 days), respectively. Liquid consumption, food intake, and total water intake (from all sources) were measured; urine collected over 48 hours in each period was measured, and urine specific gravity (USG) was determined. Data were analyzed with mixed-effects models. RESULTS TW and food calorie intake were similar among groups in period 1; TW consumption by control cats did not differ during the study. Liquid consumed by drinking increased 18%, 57%, and 96% for the NWP group in periods 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with increases of 25% and 44% for the NW group in periods 3 and 4, respectively, compared with period 1 values for the same groups. Increased urine output and decreased USG were significantly associated with period and treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Increasing the volumes of NW or NWP offered to healthy cats led to increased free liquid consumption and was associated with greater urine output and dilution as measured by USG. Studies are warranted to determine whether these treatments provide health benefits for cats in need of greater water consumption.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effects of lung site and fluid volume on results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in horses
1992
Sweeney, C.R. | Rossier, Y. | Ziemer, E.L. | Lindborg, S.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was analyzed in healthy horses, using different lavage fluid volumes and lung sites. The only significant difference in the cellular composition of BAL fluid between the right and left lungs was the mast cell numbers, which were significantly higher in the left lung. Total cell count ranged from 34 to 330 cells/microliter for the right lung and 43 to 330 cells/microliter for the left lung. Percentage of neutrophils ranged from 1 to 7% in the right lung and 1 to 5% in the left lung. The small-volume (50 ml) lavage had a greater percentage of neutrophils and a lesser percentage of mast cells in the large-volume (350 ml) lavage. Statistical difference in the composition of BAL fluid recovered was not detected between the 3 sequential 100-ml lavages and a single 300-ml lavage, except that macrophages were significantly higher in the 3 sequential 100-ml lavages. Values for BAL fluid analysis in healthy horses have varied considerably and this variation is from a failure to adhere to any standard technique for volume of fluid infused.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of hypertonic vs isotonic saline solution on responses to sublethal Escherichia coli endotoxemia in horses
1990
Bertone, J.J. | Gossett, K.A. | Shoemaker, K.E. | Bertone, A.L. | Schneiter, H.L.
Cardiovascular responses to sublethal endotoxin infusion (Escherichia coli, 50 micrograms/ml in lactated Ringer solution at 100 ml/h until pulmonary arterial pressure increased by 10 mm of Hg) were measured 2 times in 5 standing horses. In a 2-period crossover experimental design, horses were either administered hypertonic (2,400 mosm/kg of body weight, IV) or isotonic (300 mosm/kg, IV) NaCl solution after endotoxin challenges. Each solution was administered at a dose of 5 ml/kg (infusion rate, 80 ml/min). Complete data sets (mean arterial, central venous, and pulmonary arterial pressures, pulmonary arterial blood temperature, cardiac output, total peripheral vascular resistance, heart rate, plasma osmolality, plasma concentration of Na, K, Cl, and total protein, blood lactate concentration, and PCV) were collected at 0 (baseline, before endotoxin infusion), 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 hours after initiation of the endotoxin infusion. Blood constituents alone were measured at 0.5 hour and cardiovascular variables alone were evaluated at 0.75 hour. By 0.25 hour, endotoxin infusion was completed, a data set was collected, and saline infusion was initiated. By 0.75 hour, saline solutions had been completely administered. Mean (+/- SEM) cardiac output decreased (99.76 +/- 3.66 to 72.7 +/- 2.35 ml/min/kg) and total peripheral resistance (1.0 +/- 0.047 to 1.37 +/- 0.049 mm of Hg/ml/min/kg) and pulmonary arterial pressure (33.4 +/- 0.86 to 58.3 +/- 1.18 mm of Hg) increased for both trials by 0.25 hour after initiation of the endotoxin infusion and prior to fluid administration. For the remainder of the protocol, cardiac output was increased and total peripheral resistance was decreased during the hypertonic, compared with the isotonic, saline trial. Cardiac output was decreased and total peripheral resistance was increased during the isotonic saline trial, compared with baseline values. Both trials were associated with increased blood lactate concentration, but lactate values during the isotonic saline trial were greater and remained increased above baseline values for a longer period (4 hours) than during the hypertonic saline trial (2.5 hours). It was concluded for this model of endotoxemia, that IV administered hypertonic saline solution was associated with more-desirable cardiovascular and metabolic responses than was an equal volume of isotonic saline solution.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of water vapor-saturated air therapy on bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal mucus transport rate in clinically normal horses
1989
Sweeney, C.R. | Leary, H.J. III. | Ziemer, E.L. | Spencer, P.A.
Water vapor-saturated air was delivered to 12 healthy housed horses for 2 hours daily for 5 days. Treatment had no effect on tracheal mucus transport rate, bronchoalveolar lavage total and differential cell counts, blood cell counts, or plasma fibrinogen concentration.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Survival of Mycobacterium bovis during forage ensiling 全文
2019
Grooms, Dan | Bolin, Steven R. | Plastow, Jessica L. | Lim, Ailam | Hattey, Joseph | Durst, Phillip T. | Rust, Steven R. | Allen, Michael S. | Buskirk, Daniel D. | Smith, Richard W.
OBJECTIVE To determine whether Mycobacterium bovis remains viable in ensiled forages. SAMPLE Alfalfa, mixed mostly grass, and corn silages. PROCEDURES For each of 10 sampling days, six 250-g replicate samples of each feedstuff were created and placed in a film pouch that could be vacuum sealed to simulate the ensiling process. Within each set of replicate samples, 4 were inoculated with 10 mL of mycobacterial liquid culture medium containing viable M bovis and 2 were inoculated with 10 mL of sterile mycobacterial liquid culture medium (controls) on day 0. Pouches were vacuum sealed and stored in the dark at room temperature. On the designated sampling day, 1 control pouch was submitted for forage analysis, and the other pouches were opened, and forage samples were obtained for M bovis culture and analysis with a PCR assay immediately and 24 hours later. RESULTS None of the control samples had positive M bovis culture or PCR assay results. Among M bovis-inoculated samples, the organism was not cultured from alfalfa and corn silage for > 2 days but was cultured from mixed mostly grass silage for 28 days after inoculation and ensiling initiation. Mycobacterium bovis DNA was detected by PCR assay in samples of all 3 feedstuffs throughout the 112-day observation period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that properly ensiled forages would be an unlikely source for M bovis transmission to cattle. Further research is necessary to determine whether ensiling kills M bovis or forces it to become dormant and, if the latter, elucidate the conditions that cause it to revert to an infectious state.
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