Four different experimental models for Streptococcus suis-induced disease were compared to find a model that closely mimics naturally occurring disease in conventional pigs. Fourteen, 2-week old pigs free of S. suis type 2 were used in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, 3 pigs were inoculated intravenously (IV) and 3 pigs intranasally (IN) with S. suis. Two out of 3 of the IV-inoculated pigs exhibited signs of severe central nervous system disease (CNS) and were euthanized. Streptococcus suis type 2 was isolated from whole blood, joints, and serosal surfaces of both pigs. No clinical signs and no growth of S. suis were detected in the IN-inoculated pigs. In experiment 2, 4 pigs were inoculated IV and another 4 were inoculated IN with the same isolate as in experiment 1. One hour before inoculation the IN-inoculated pigs were given 5 mL of 1% acetic acid intranasally (IN-AA). All the IV-inoculated pigs showed CNS disease and lameness, and 2 of the pigs became severely affected and were euthanized. All the IN-AA inoculated pigs exhibited roughened hair coats and 2 pigs developed severe CNS disease and were euthanized. Streptococcus suis was isolated from the joints and blood of 3 pigs in the IV-inoculated group. Streptococcus suis was isolated from blood of 2 pigs, meninges of 3 pigs, and joints of 1 pig in the IN-AA inoculated group. Natural exposure to S. suis most likely occurs by the intranasal route. The IN-AA model should serve as a good model for S. suis-induced disease, because the natural route of exposure is intranasal and the IN-AA model was effective in inducing disease that mimics what is observed in the field.

Cytosolic assay was used to detect gonadal steroid receptors in brain tumor tissue from 6 dogs and 2 cats. For 4 samples, the maximal number of binding sites and the equilibrium dissociation constant were calculated, using Scatchard analysis. The concentration of receptor protein that was discovered was similar to that detected in hormone-sensitive tumors.

Neurosciences research have contribution to elucidate the history of the animal on the earth, nevertheless many sylvan animals, in South America yet won't be studied. The Sloth's, in risk of extinction, because your high specificity and alimentary specialization can give us information about evolutive animal history. We use dead animals by natural process, freeze, fixed and injected by natural latex in Matinha´s reserve, Itabuna/Ilhéus, ceded for projects in association between the reserve, São Paulo University and other institutions. The dissections were realized by magnified glass succors, documented, descript and analyzed by the references. We don't have many references about the theme thus were utilized descriptions and systematizations in humans and other mammals as the base for discussions. In the dura-mater was found a similar structure in other mammals, with falx´s brain and cerebelar tent , over there venous sinus. This sinus show interests alterations in your formations, all adequate to your anatomic characteristics of your brain, among these a orbiculo-frontal sinus around the base of olfactory bulbs, a sinus para-sagital cerebelar in a place of a cerebelar vein like description for many authors, and a connection between transverse sinus and inter-transverse sinus. Finally a peculiarity in this system is a transposition of the sigmoid sinus in a caudo-rostral orientation draining the blood support of the rostral region of the brain, specially the olfactory set. | Pesquisas em neurociências têm contribuído para elucidar a história dos animais na terra, contudo diversos animais silvestres da América do sul ainda não foram estudados. O bicho preguiça, ameaçado de extinção, por sua alta especificidade e especialização alimentar pode nos fornecer informações sobre a história evolutiva animal. Utilizamos animais mortos naturalmente, sendo congelados, fixados e injetados com látex natural na reserva da Matinha, Itabuna/Ilhéus, cedidos para projetos em parceria entre a reserva, Universidade de São Paulo e outras instituições. As dissecações foram realizadas com auxílio de lupas e, após documentação, descritas e analisadas pelo referencial a disposição. Não é abundante a literatura sobre o tema e, por isso, utilizamos descrições e sistematizações em humanos e outros mamíferos como base para as discussões. Na dura-máter, foi encontrada uma estrutura semelhante à descrita em mamíferos, com foice do cérebro e tenda do cerebelo, além de seios venosos. Tais seios apresentaram alterações interessantes em sua formação, todas adequadas às características anatômicas de seu cérebro, entre elas um seio orbículo frontal em torno da base dos bulbos olfatórios, um seio para-sagital cerebelar no lugar de uma veia cerebelar como descrito por diversos autores e uma conexão entre os seios transversos por meio de um seio inter-transverso. Finalmente, uma peculiaridade neste sistema é o deslocamento do seio sigmóide no sentido caudo-rostral, drenando o aporte sangüíneo da porção rostral do encéfalo, em especial do aparato olfatório.