Ovary plays a vitalrole in the reproductive biology andbiotechnology of female animals. In thisstudy, both the right and left ovaries ofthe Black Bengal goat were collected fromthe slaughter houses of different Thanasin the Mymensingh district. For each ofthe specimens, gross parameters such asweight, length and width were recorded.Then they were processed and stained withH&E for histomorphometry. This studyrevealed that the right ovary (0.53 ± 0.02g) was heavier than the left (0.52 ± 0.02 g).The length of the right ovary (1.26 ± 0.04cm) was lower than the left (1.28 ± 0.02cm) but the width of the right (0.94 ± 0.02cm) was greater than the left (0.90 ± 0.03cm). The diameter of ovarian follicles inthe cortex was measured as primordial 39.6± 6.61 µm, primary single layer 54.0 ± 4.06µm, primary multi-layer 147.6 ± 11.04 µm,secondary with C-shaped antrum 449.5 ±75.71 µm and graafian 1.3 ± 0.20 mm. Inthe graffian follicle, the thickness of thegranulosa cell layer was 79.2 ± 11.04 µm,theca interna 75.76 ± 6.82 µm, theca externa130.07 ± 12.53 µm and the oocyte diameterwas 109.8 ± 5.75 µm. These results will behelpful to manipulate ovarian functions insmall ruminants

The left ovary of chicken embryos was removed and incubated in culture medium with a thymidine analogue, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), in vitro. In addition, fertile chicken eggs were injected with BrdU via the extraembryonic vessels and incubated for 24 hours. The ovaries were then processed for immunohistochemical localization of calbindin-D28K (a 28-kd vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein) and BrdU. Calbindin-D28K was detected in the germinal epithelium and in cells surrounding the oogonia and oocytes (future granulosa cells) of the embryonic chicken ovary. However, Brdu was observed in the nucleus of the oogonia and oocytes of the chicken embryonic ovaries. Comparison of the 2 adjacent sections, immunostained for calbindin-D28K and BrdU consecutively, indicated that BrdU, the marker for cell proliferation was not detected in calbindin-D28K-containing cells, namely, germinal epithelium and future granulosa cells, in the ovary of chicken embryos. These results suggested that calbindin-D28K-containing cells in the ovary were not in the process of cell division during the 24-hour incubation of chicken embryos.

Immunoreactivity for 28 kd vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (calbindin-D28k) has been localized in the germinal epithelium and cells surrounding oogonia and oocytes (future granulosa cells) of developing and growing ovaries of chicken embryos. The protein first appeared prominently in the germinal epithelium of the developing left ovary in 8-day embryos. At the twelfth day of incubation, cells surrounding oogonia and oocytes reacted intensely for calbindin-D28k. The number and intensity of calbindin-D28k-containing cells increased in both types of cells as the embryos further developed. Calbindin-D28k remained in the germinal epithelium throughout the study period observed (up to 10 weeks). However, the protein was present transiently in the future granulosa cells. It gradually decreased after hatching, and was virtually absent from granulosa cells in a 10-week old chicken. Compared with the known process of onset of sexual development, these results indicated possible involvement of calbindin-D28k in the early phases of oogenesis in chicken ovaries.

Ultrasonography of the ovaries of 10 bitches was performed daily, using a 7.5-Mhz transducer with a built-in stand-off pad, from the onset of proestrus until the onset of metestrus. Ovarian size, shape, location, echogenicity, follicular development, and apparent ovulation were monitored. Blood samples were collected twice daily for luteinizing hormone determination and daily for progesterone determination. Vaginal smears were made daily for cytologic evaluation. Ultrasonograms were evaluated independent of hormonal and cytologic data, and the day of ovulation was noted. Initially, the ovaries were uniform and had an echogenicity that was equal to or slightly greater than that of the renal cortex. Follicles appeared as focal hypoechoic to anechoic rounded structures. Ovaries were easier to identify as follicular development progressed. Ovarian size increased with time. Apparent ovulation was characterized by a decrease in number of follicles seen from 1 day to the next, but 1 or more follicles remained in at least 1 ovary of 7 of 10 bitches. The ovaries had an oval shape that became rounded after ovulation. At some time after ovulation, all bitches had cystic (anechoic) structures indistinguishable from follicles. These structures increased in echogenicity and decreased in size with time and may have been follicles that did not ovulate, corpora hemorrhagica, fluid-filled corpora lutea, or cyctic luteinized follicles. Time of ovulation determined by ultrasonography paralleled that predicted on the basis of hormonal data in 9 of 10 bitches and with cytologic findings in all bitches.

The present study was conducted on (40) white mice of approximately the same age (4-6 weeks) and body weight (23-25 gm) for the aim of observing the histopathological changes for male and female reproductive organs due to prolonged treatment (6 months) with anticancer chemotherapeutic agent namely methotrexate. Forty mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice of each group 5 mice per sex). The first group (low or therapeutic dose group) was received 0.15 mg/kg B.W. The second group (intermediate dose group ) received 0.3 mg/kg B.W. The third group ( toxic dose group ) received 0.45 mg/kg B.W. the fourth group was a control group; it received 0.2 ml buffered physiological saline. All these groups injected intramuscularly, once weekly for 6 months. The results showed that methotrexate can cause suppression of spermatogenesis. In female, methotrexate can cause obvious pathological changes in uteri and ovaries such as reduced endometrial glands and ovarian follicles respectively

Twenty-two Hereford heifers were injected IM with prostaglandin F2 alpha(a), 11 days apart to synchronize estrous cycles. Twelve of 14 heifers that had signs of estrus were inoculated IV with 1 of 3 modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccines, and 2 were assigned to a nonvaccinated control group. Also, 6 of the 8 anestrous heifers were inoculated IV with 1 of the 3 vaccines on the fourth day after the last prostaglandin injection and the other 2 were assigned to the nonvaccinated group. Vaccine virus was isolated from the blood and nasal and vaginal secretions from the vaccinated heifers on postvaccination days 4, 7, and 9. On postvaccination day 9, all heifers were ovariectomized and ovarian tissues were processed for virus isolation and histologic examination. Vaccine virus was isolated from ovarian tissues of some heifers in each of the vaccine groups. Necrotic oophoritis characterized by multifocal areas of ovarian tissue necrosis, hemorrhage, and mononuclear lymphocytic infiltration was observed. The corpora lutea and surrounding ovarian tissues taken from vaccinated heifers in each group had varying amounts of necrotic and inflammatory change, but the changes appeared to be more severe in 1 group than in the other 2. Virus also was isolated from 2 of the controls; these heifers apparently became infected with vaccine virus that had been excreted from the vaccinated animals.

       The functions of  the ovaries are controlled by many   exogenous and endogenous factors,  including changes in the biochemical and endocrine glands that occur in the follicular fluid during the breeding season in the bitches. The aim of this study was  to determine and compare the concentrations some hormonal in the peripheral circulation and follicular fluid of bitches during the breeding season.  For this purpose, ovaries collected from adult bitches immediately after ovariectomy,  and blood samples were  also collected from these bitches before and after season. The follicular fluid and blood serum samples were analyzed for hormonal concentrations using commercial kits.  The results showed that  the concentrations of estrogen,  progesterone and testosterone  in blood serum at season (54.31±0.49, 20.75 ±0.12, 0.75±0.05) respectively. While the concentrations of estrogen,  progesterone and testosterone in blood serum at out season (10.88±0.39, 0. 61±0.036, 0.063±0.042) respectively.The concentrations of estrogen,  progesterone and testosterone in follicular fluid at season (69.9±0.44, 28.46±0.82, 0.331±0.65) respectively. While  the concentrations of estrogen,  progesterone and testosterone in follicular fluid out season (there are no found ovarian follicles).      The present study a significantly higher (P< 0.05) in blood serum and follicular fluid  at  season than  that out season blood serum.