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Designing the Vertical Sieve Screening in Order for Recovery of Toxocara spp. Eggs From Soil Samples 全文
2019
Zibaei, Mohammad | Bahadory, Saeed | Sadjjadi, Seyed Mahmoud | Heidari, Aliehsan | Hosseini, Hamid
BACKGROUND: Parasitic helminthic diseases are one of the most common diseases of humans and animals that threaten the health of human societies. Nowadays, different methods are used for recovery of eggs parasites from soil samples. Therefore, in order to reduce the amount of mistakes caused by the artifacts (waste and disposable materials for diagnostic purposes), it is necessary to design and use a special device to collect more accurately the eggs of helminthic parasites. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to design and use a rapid method for collecting different Toxocara spp. eggs in order to determine the prevalence of soil contamination. METHODS: In this study, for recovery of Toxocara parasite eggs from collected soil samples, a sieve screen was used with plastic body (polyvinyl chloride compressed plastics) in a cylindrical shape with a mesh of 150 µm (can be changed), as well as the cap and holder,for the use of modified sucrose flotation method to isolate and identify Toxocara species eggs. RESULTS: In the current study, single cell, multicellular, and infective Toxocara eggs were recovered from collected soil samples. The results of prevalence of Toxocara eggs in collected soil specimens showed that 38.5% (CI: 95%, 32.03-45.40%) were recovered using vertical sieve screening and using the traditional technique and flotation method 21.5% (CI: 95%, 16.37-27.70%) were recovered, which showed a significant difference between the two groups (P˂0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the conventional and standard sucrose flotation method, using the sieve screen in addition to recovery of Toxocara parasite, it can be used in epidemiological studies to investigate the presence of eggs of nematode parasites such as Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichocephalus, as well as other eggs of zoonotic helminths in soil samples, and the percentage of true egg parasites in the soil samples in epidemiological studies.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]New insight of apparently healthy animals as a potential reservoir for Clostridium perfringens: a public health implication 全文
2018
Hamza, Dalia | Dorgham, Sohad M. | Elhariri, Mahmoud | Elhelw, Rehab | Ismael, Elshaimaa
New insight of apparently healthy animals as a potential reservoir for Clostridium perfringens: a public health implication 全文
2018
Hamza, Dalia | Dorgham, Sohad M. | Elhariri, Mahmoud | Elhelw, Rehab | Ismael, Elshaimaa
Introduction: Clostridium perfringens is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans and continues to cause one of the most prevalent foodborne diseases in man. Material and Methods: A total of 355 samples were examined for the occurrence of C. perfringens: rectal swabs from cattle, sheep, and goats, fresh stool samples from diarrhoea sufferers having been in contact with these animals, irrigation water and soil samples from the husbandry sites, and preharvesting fresh produce from farms irrigated with the sampled water. All samples were collected from Cairo and Giza governorates, Egypt. PCR analysis was carried out with positive isolates using the α-toxin gene. Sequence analysis of the gene of C. perfringens isolates was performed using the neighbour-joining approach. Bootstrap analysis was executed with 1,000 resamplings. Results: 174 C. perfringens strains were isolated with a 49.01% prevalence. The highest prevalence of C. perfringens in apparently healthy animals was found in sheep (65.45%) followed by goats (58%), buffaloes (55%), and cattle (47.1%). Its prevalence in humans being in contact with these animals was 47.5%. The bacterium’s isolation from the soil and irrigation water was achieved in 40% and 31.7% of samples, respectively, posing a risk, particularly when the water and soil contact food in the field, shown by the fresh produce isolation of 40%. A significant relationship between the prevalence of C. perfringens in animal and environmental samples was identified (P < 0.05). A significant relationship was identified neither between animal species and C. perfringens prevalence, nor between the environmental source and C. perfringens prevalence (P > 0.05). All isolates were positive for the α-toxin gene by PCR. The sequence analysis and the phylogenetic relationship of the α-toxin genes from different samples revealed that C. perfringens from faeces of apparently healthy cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats is a significant threat in places where it can contaminate the soil and water. In addition, the sequence of C. perfringens from humans suffering from diarrhoea was found in the same cluster with the sequence from cows, goats, and sheep. Conclusion: The role of apparently healthy animals in transmitting C. perfringens to humans, either through being in direct or indirect contact via water or soil in the cultivation of vegetables and fruits, was demonstrated.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]New insight of apparently healthy animals as a potential reservoir for Clostridium perfringens: a public health implication 全文
2018
Hamza Dalia | Dorgham Sohad M. | Elhariri Mahmoud | Elhelw Rehab | Ismael Elshaimaa
Introduction:Clostridium perfringens is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans and continues to cause one of the most prevalent foodborne diseases in man.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Environmental contamination of free-range hen with dioxin 全文
2021
Mikołajczyk, Szczepan | Pajurek, Marek | Warenik-Bany, Małgorzata | Maszewski, Sebastian
Environmental contamination of free-range hen with dioxin 全文
2021
Mikołajczyk, Szczepan | Pajurek, Marek | Warenik-Bany, Małgorzata | Maszewski, Sebastian
The transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from a contaminated environment into the food chain is a serious consumer safety problem. As part of the Polish National Surveillance Program of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in food of animal origin, a concentration of PCDD/Fs of 4.61 ± 0.75 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat was determined in a sample of free-range eggs, which exceeded the permitted limit of 2.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g. The aim of the study was to investigate the source of the egg contamination and the risk for the eggs’ consumers. Eggs, muscles, feed and soil from the place where backyard waste burning had been carried out in the past and ash from a household stove tipped onto the paddock were analysed using the isotope dilution technique with high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The concentration in ash was low at 0.20 pg WHO-TEQ/g and the congener profile did not indicate the source of contamination. The dioxin content in soil from the backyard waste-burning site was 2.53 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry matter (d.m.) and the soil’s profile of PCDD/F congeners matched the profile of the contaminated eggs. By reason of the congener profile similarity, the investigation concluded, that the cause of the contamination was the backyard waste-burning site soil which the animals had access to. Frequent consumption of contaminated eggs from the analysed farm could pose a health risk due to chronic exposure, especially for vulnerable consumers.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Environmental contamination of free-range hen with dioxin 全文
2021
Mikołajczyk Szczepan | Pajurek Marek | Warenik-Bany Małgorzata | Maszewski Sebastian
The transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from a contaminated environment into the food chain is a serious consumer safety problem. As part of the Polish National Surveillance Program of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in food of animal origin, a concentration of PCDD/Fs of 4.61 ± 0.75 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat was determined in a sample of free-range eggs, which exceeded the permitted limit of 2.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g. The aim of the study was to investigate the source of the egg contamination and the risk for the eggs’ consumers.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Experimental infection with T. canis and T. leonina in farm mink (Neovison vison) 全文
2019
Klockiewicz, Maciej | Jakubowski, Tadeusz | Sobczak-Filipiak, Małgorzata | Bartosik, Justyna | Długosz, Ewa
Experimental infection with T. canis and T. leonina in farm mink (Neovison vison) 全文
2019
Klockiewicz, Maciej | Jakubowski, Tadeusz | Sobczak-Filipiak, Małgorzata | Bartosik, Justyna | Długosz, Ewa
Introduction: Farm mink (Neovison vison) can be naturally exposed to T. canis and T. leonina pathogens on the farm. If mink were hosts, it would imply some veterinary public health as well as animal welfare issues. For this reason, the aim of the study was to determine whether mink might be definitive or paratenic hosts of these parasites. Material and Methods: Four groups of mink were infected with both parasite species using larvated eggs or feed containing mouse tissue previously infected with the parasites. Following inoculation, the infections were monitored in vivo by faecal examination for 14 weeks p.i., and then western blotting and ELISA were performed. Results: Coprology did not reveal any canine roundworm eggs, neither were nematodes found in mink intestines during post mortem examination. The specific IgG antibodies recognising excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of both parasite species were identified in mink sera. Single T. leonina tissue larvae were found in digested organs. Conclusions: Our results confirm that farm mink may contribute both T. canis and T. leonina infections. It was proved that farm mink were not their definitive hosts, and therefore mink faeces need not be considered a source of canine roundworm eggs in any soil it fertilises. Nonetheless, as farm mink may be a paratenic host for both parasite species, this may have some impact on the health and welfare of infected animals.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Experimental infection with T. canis and T. leonina in farm mink (Neovison vison) 全文
2019
Klockiewicz Maciej | Jakubowski Tadeusz | Sobczak-Filipiak Małgorzata | Bartosik Justyna | Długosz Ewa
Introduction: Farm mink (Neovison vison) can be naturally exposed to T. canis and T. leonina pathogens on the farm. If mink were hosts, it would imply some veterinary public health as well as animal welfare issues. For this reason, the aim of the study was to determine whether mink might be definitive or paratenic hosts of these parasites. Material and Methods: Four groups of mink were infected with both parasite species using larvated eggs or feed containing mouse tissue previously infected with the parasites. Following inoculation, the infections were monitored in vivo by faecal examination for 14 weeks p.i., and then western blotting and ELISA were performed. Results: Coprology did not reveal any canine roundworm eggs, neither were nematodes found in mink intestines during post mortem examination. The specific IgG antibodies recognising excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of both parasite species were identified in mink sera. Single T. leonina tissue larvae were found in digested organs. Conclusions: Our results confirm that farm mink may contribute both T. canis and T. leonina infections. It was proved that farm mink were not their definitive hosts, and therefore mink faeces need not be considered a source of canine roundworm eggs in any soil it fertilises. Nonetheless, as farm mink may be a paratenic host for both parasite species, this may have some impact on the health and welfare of infected animals.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Vertical migration of infective larvae of equine strongyles in sandy clay loam
1984
Houston, R.S. | Fincher, G.T. | Craig, T.M.
equine feces containing 325 strongyle eggs/g of feces were buried at different depths below pasture surface in sandy clay loam soil, greatest distance of migration of infective larvae was 20 cm which occurred 31 days after feces were buried but number of larvae reaching herbage from this depth represented only 0.0004% of the eggs initially buried: Texas
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Improved method for recovering ascarid and other helminth eggs from soil associated with epizootics and during survey studies
1983
Kazacos, K.R.
improved method for recovery of ascarid and other nematode eggs from soil, emphasis on Baylisascaris procyonis and Toxocara cati
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Contamination of soils with Toxocara eggs in several playgrounds of Ipoh, Perak 全文
2018
Erwanas A. I. | Zary S. | Nurulaini R. | Adnan M. | Debbra M. | Azizah D. | Azima Laili H.
Toxocariasis is an important cosmopolitan zoonotic disease mainlycaused by Toxocara spp., a type of soil transmitted helminth (STH) on cats and dogs. In this study, 80 soil samples were taken from four public playgrounds and six neighbourhood playgrounds in Ipoh, Perak between October and December 2016 to determine the status of soil contamination with the eggs of Toxocara spp. Results showed that 32.5% from the total soil samples were positive with Toxocara spp. eggs. Overall, five out of ten of the sampling sites were contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs. Besides that, the relationship between the soil condition and the occurrence of the Toxocara spp. eggs in soils were also investigated. The findings showed that increase of moisture and pH of the soils contributed to the increase of contaminationwith Toxocara spp. eggs. Sandy soils were found significantly contaminated with the eggs of Toxocara spp. compared to theother types of soil. Therefore, appropriate preventive measures such as treatment of soil, regular monitoring and deworming of dogs and cats as well as awareness programmes to the public are important.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOME MINERALS IN SOIL, FORAGE AND SHEEP SERUM IN TWO REGIONS IN THI-QAR PROVINCE 全文
2014
Aamir M. Abed Al-Ghareebawi
The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the level of the some minerals (sodium, potassium and calcium) in the soil, forage and sheep serum, the specimens were 1 Kg of soil and forage and 10 blood samples taken from each district (Nasriya and Shatra) in Thi-Qar province. The results show that significant (p≤0.05) increase in the sheep serum sodium concentration in Nasriya region (44.21±14.9) Mmol/L compared with the Shatra (34.84±6.61) Mmol/L, while the potassium concentration in sheep serum appeared a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in Nasriya district (6.23±1.00) Mmol/L compared with Shatra(13.16±2.42) Mmol/L but there is no significance (p≤0.05) change found in sheep serum calcium between the two studied areas in Nasryia was (0.40±0.12) Mg/dl but Shatra was (0.24±0.05) Mg/dl. The sodium level in the forages is high but not significant(p≤0.05) in the Nasriya(0.369±0.101)when compared with Shatra(0.321±0.011) g/Kg The potassium in forages is higher in Nasriya (0.411±0.011) g/Kg but not significant (p≤0.05) when compared with Shatra (0.255±0.011) g/Kg Calcium of forage was decreased in Nasryia (0.136±0.012) g/Kg but in Shatra was (0.355±0.044) g/Kg with no significancy (p≤0.05). In soil sodium of Nasryia is high (0.942±0.051) g/Kg but not significant (p≤0.05) and in Shatra was (0.887±0.032) g/Kg, the potassium in soil of Nasryia was (0.418±0.023) g/Kg but not significant (p≤0.05) and in Shatra was(0.424±0.022) g/Kg Calcium is higher in Nasriya soil (0.602±0.043) g/Kg but lower in soil of Shatra was (0.657±0.048) g/Kg with no significancy (p≤0.05).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI FROM COWS ,GOAT’S MILK AND THEIR SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT IN BASRAH PROVINCE 全文
2012
Adnan .M . AL-Rodhan Hanaa K. Ibrahim
Two hundred samples (cow’s and goat’s milk75 for each,their farm soil 25and 25water samples )from different origin have been cultured on Ashdown selective agar which gave a higher percentage (36.5%)for B. pseudomallei isolation , 64% was observed in farm soil followed by water samples 48% than cow’s milk33.33% and finally the goat’s milk 26.66%. According to L-arabinose biotyping , 39.72% of the B.pseudomallei isolates were positive for arabinose (Arb+) and 60.3% of isolates were negative for arabinose (Arb-).The virulence testing revealed that most bacterial isolates yield haemolysin, protease, lipase and lecithenase in a percentage of 97.3% , 82.2%, 89.04% and 84.9% respectively.The Arb- biotypes were more virulent than Arb+ biotypes with significant differences (P< 0.05).All bacterial isolates were characterized by their ability to form capsule(100%),.This study confirmed the presence of casein proteolytic and necrotizing enzymes in the suspension of B.pseudomallei .Proteins concentration in this suspension was 0.00248 mg/ml .
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