Water salinity represents the most difficult challenge facing the livestock in Basrah province,therefore, twelve dairy cattle obtained from Farm of College of veterinary Medicine \Universityof Basrah. These animals were included and administrated salt water for 60 days with regularfeed supplementation and then administrated pure water(R-O) for another 60 days. All clinicalsigns were recorded during the study period and the blood sample was collected from cows inboth cases. Sodium, Sulphur and total antioxidant capacity values were measured. Four milkingcows were dead during the period of study as a result of high water salinity. Serum sodium andsulfate values were rise significantly when compared with the period of drinking pure waterwhile the effectiveness of total antioxidant capacity significantly decreased in dairy cows drinksalt water. This study investigated the deleterious effect of sodium and sulfate rises on total antioxidantcapacity in dairy cows.

This study aimed to evaluate a system that identifies cartilage turn over and/or degradation through measurement of a new keratan sulfate (KS) epitope concentration in equine sera. Blood samples were collected from 30 horses, 1 (n=15) and 2 year-olds (n=15). Serum samples were analyzed for an epitope of keratan sulfate by 1/20/5D4 (KS5D4) and new epitopes of keratan sulfate using high sensitive keratan sulfate (HSKS), measured by two respective enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs). There was no correlation in serum concentration of KS evaluated using 5D4 and HSKS. Age had no significant effect on concentrations of KS measured with KS5D4 while 1 year-old horses showed significantly higher amounts than 2 year-olds with HSKS. Results suggest that HSKS could detect early signs of cartilage metabolic changes.