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Immunosuppression and Histopathological Changes in the Bursa of Fabricius in Chickens with Different Vaccine Schedules against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)
2009
Sudhakar Goud, K. | Sreedevi, B.
The level of antibody by ELISA,immunsosuppressive effect baes on the response of birds to Newcastle disease vaccination and damage to bursa of Fabricius by IBD vaccination were studied. The efficacy of six different IBD vaccination schedules were studied using intermediate and intermediate plus strains of vaccines either alone or in combination. In vaccinated groups, the sero-conversion of the vaccine virus was noticed during fourth week, reaching to the peak between eight to twelve weeks of age in different groups. Afterwards, there was a gradual decrease in the titres, by the end of 20th week (maximum period tested). There was no significant difference in the titres of different treatment groups. However, all the groups showed titres above protective level during the entire period of study. There was significant difference in bursa body weight (B-BW) ratios of vaccinated groups in comparison with control group. Histopathological studies of bursal sections revealed depletion of lymphoid follicles, presence of cystic spaces, edema and hemorrhages. The birds vaccinated with hot strain of IBD vaccine showed metaplastic changes, presence of foam cells with pronounced interfollicular fibrosis. The bursal scores were maximum in the groups vaccinated with hot strains of IBD vaccines.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Cytokines: Communication molecules that influence the process of disease
1997
Splitter, G. (Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Wisconsin (USA))
Evaluation of the potency, optimal antigen level and lasting immunity of inactivated avian influenza vaccine prepared from H5N1 virus
2009
Sasaki, T.(Kyoto Biken Lab. Inc., Uji (Japan)) | Isoda, N. | Soda, K. | Sakamoto, R. | Saijo, K. | Hagiwara, J. | Kokumai, N. | Ohgitani, T. | Imamura, T. | Sawata, A. | Lin, Z. | Sakoda, Y. | Kida, H.
Test vaccines comprised of inactivated water-in-oil emulsions containing various antigen levels were prepared using a non-pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (AI) virus, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/04 (H5N1). The potencies of these test vaccines were evaluated by two experiments. In the first experiment, the triangular relationship among the antigen levels of test vaccines, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody response, and the protective effect against challenge with a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, A/chicken/Yamaguchi/7/04 (H5N1), was confirmed. Then lasting immunity of chickens after a single-shot vaccination was confirmed in the second experiment. As a result, complete protection after the challenge was observed in chickens immunized by test vaccines with an antigen level of 160 HA units/dose or higher. Thus, it was ascertained that the minimum antigen level in the AI vaccine was 160 HA units/dose, and the minimum HI antibody titer that could protect chickens from HPAI virus infection-related death was considered to be 1:16. Dose-dependent HI antibody responses were observed in chickens after the vaccination. Thus, 640 HA units/dose were thought to be similar to the optimal antigen level. Alternatively, the HI antibody titers of chickens, injected with the vaccine containing 640 HA units/dose, were maintained at 1:181 or higher for 100 weeks after the single-shot vaccination.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Development of vaccine strains of H5 and H7 influenza viruses
2008
Soda, K.(Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo (Japan)) | Sakoda, Y. | Isoda, N. | Kajihara, M. | Haraguchi, Y. | Shibuya, H. | Yoshida, H. | Sasaki, T. | Sakamoto, R. | Saijo, K. | Hagiwara, J. | Kida, H.
To establish vaccine strains of H5 and H7 influenza viruses, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/04 (H5N1) [Vac-1/04 (H5N1)], A/duck/Hokhaido/Vac-3/07 (H5N1) [Vac-3/07 (H5N1)], and A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-2/04 (H7N7) [Vac-2/04 (H7N7)] were generated from non-pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory ducks. Vac-1/04 (H5N1) and Vac-3/07 (H5N1) were generated by genetic reassortment between H5N2 or H5N3 virus as an HA gene provider and H7N1 or H6N1 virus as an NA gene provider. Vac-2/04 (H7N7) was a genetic reassortant obtained using H7N7 and H9N2 viruses to give high growth character of the H9N2 virus in chicken embryonated eggs. The results of sequence analyses and experimental infections revealed that these H5N1 and H7N7 reassortant viruses were non-pathogenic in chickens and embryos, and had good growth potential in embryonated eggs. These viruses should be useful to develop vaccines against H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Genetic and antigenic analyses of a Puumala virus isolate as a potential vaccine strain
2008
Daud, N.H.A.(Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo (Japan)) | Kariwa, H. | Tkachenko, E. | Dzagurnova. T. | Medvedkina, O. | Tkachenko, P. | Ishizuka, M. | Seto, T. | Miyashita, D. | Sanada, T. | Nakauchi, M. | Yoshii, K. | Maeda, A. | Yoshimatsu, K. | Arikawa, J. | Takashima, I.
Puumala virus (PUUV), a causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), is prevalent in Europe and European Russia. No vaccine has been developed for PUUV-associated HFRS, primarily because of the low viral yield in cultured cells. A PUUV strain known as DTK/Ufa-97 was isolated in Russia and adapted for growth in Vero E6 cells maintained in serum-free medium. The DTK/Ufa-97 strain produced a higher viral titer in serum-free medium, suggesting that it may prove useful in the development of an HFRS vaccine. When PUUV-infected Vero E6 cells were grown in serum-free medium, the DTK/Ufa-97 strain yielded more copies of intracellular viral RNA and a higher viral titer in the culture fluid than did the Sotkamo strain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PUUVs can be classified into multiple lineages according to geographical origin, and that the DTK/Ufa-97 strain is a member of the Bashkiria-Saratov lineage. The deduced amino acid sequences of the small, medium, and large segments of the DTK/Ufa-97 strain were 99.2% to 100%, 99.3% to 99.8%, and 99.8% identical, respectively, to those of the Bashkirian PUUV strains and 96.9%, 92.6%, and 97.4% identical, respectively, to those of the Sotkamo strain, indicating that the PUUVs are genetically diverse. However, DTK/Ufa-97 and other strains of PUUV exhibited similar patterns of binding to a panel of monoclonal antibodies against Hantaan virus. In addition, diluted antisera (i.e., ranging from 1:160 to 1:640) specific to three strains of PUUV neutralized both homologous and heterologous viruses. These results suggest that the DTK/Ufa-97 strain is capable of extensive growth and is antigenically similar to genetically distant strains of PUUV.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Isolation of serovar C-3 Haemophilus paragallinarum from Zimbabwe: A further indication of the need for the production of vaccines against infectious coryza containing local isolates of H. paragallinarum
2002
Bragg, R.R. (Free State Univ., Bloemfontein (South Africa). Microbiology and Biochemistry Dept.)
Alternative cell lines for the propagation of lumpy skin disease virus
2001
Binepal, Y.S. | Ongadi, F.A. | Chepkwony, J.C. (Kenya Agricultural Research Inst., Nairobi (Kenya))
Comparison of immune responses of two Salmonella gallinarum strains viewed as possible vaccines for fowl typhoid in Kenya
1998
Bebora, L.C. | Nyaga, P.N. | Kimoro, C.O. (Nairobi Univ., Kabete (Kenya). Dept. of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology)
The humoral immune response in cattle after immunization with a multivalent IBR/PI3/ Pasteurella haemolytica A1 leukotoxin vaccine
1997
Odendaal, M.W. (Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort (South Africa). Onderstepoort Veterinary Inst.) | Morris, S. | Du Preez, E. | Aitchison, H.
Studies on the prevention of tuberculosis in pet dogs-(1)-The effects of BCG pretreatment in pet dogs inoculated experimentally with Mycobacterium bovis
1992
Kang, J.K. | Kim, C.K. (Chungbuk Nat'l Univ., Cheongju (Korea Republic). Dept. of Veterinary Medicine)