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Differential Leucocyte Count and Total Colony Count Changes in Heat Stressed Broiler
2015
Ramadan D. EL Shoukary | Madeha H.A. Darwish | Mootaz A.M. Abdel-Rahman
The present study aimed to explain the role of additives in alleviation of the negative effect of heat stress on differential leucocytes count, heterophil / lymphocytic ratio with especial studies on the microbial count of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum. A total of 270 day-old (Ross308) broiler chickens randomly divided into 6 groups, which were kept under elevated temperature (34-36◦C) and feed diet containing 1% Nigella Sativa (G2) or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride (0.3% KCL+ 0.5% NaHCO3) (G3) or 2% coriander seed (G4) or 0.03% Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) (G5) or 250 mg of Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) (G6) for 6 weeks. The previous parameters were recorded after slaughtering to take microbial sample and collecting blood parameters. The results explained that, there was a significant increase lymphocyte percentage in case of G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6. while, there was significant decreases in Heterophil percentage, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), eosinophils percentage, monocytes percentage, jejunum total colony count and caecum total colony in case of (G2, G3, G4, G5), (G6, G2, G3, G4, G5), (G6, G3), (G5; G2), (G3; G2) and (G2, G4) respectively in compared with control group (P<0.05). It could be concluded that black seed and coriander seed have a positive effect on heat stress broiler diet.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Pathological and Virological Studies on an Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease among Cattle in Kalubia Governorate-Egypt
2015
Aziza Amin | Ehab El-Nahas | Abd-Elbaset El-Mashed
This work was proposed to study pathologic characteristics of lumpy skin disease (LSD) among naturally infected cattle and to demonstrate LSDV antigen within different tissues including the skin nodules, regional lymph nodes, lung and liver using PCR and immunohistochemistry. Among the infected cattle, one dairy cattle and 5 calves were dead (mortality rate is 6.97%). The major gross alterations in all investigated cases included numerous 1-5 cm well circumscribed, round cutaneous nodules covered the whole body in most cases with severe enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. The main microscopical changes were severe ballooning degeneration of the epidermis, dermatitis, with severe vasculitis affecting the dermal blood vessels. Multiple intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions were present in degenerated epidermal cells. Several pathological changes were also detected in the liver, lung, kidney, intestine and lymph nodes. Strong positive PCR signals were appeared in skin nodules, lung and lymph node. Additionally, positive immunoperixodiase reaction was demonstrated in the skin, lung, kidney and lymph nodes. Furthermore, LSDV was isolated on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of spf embryonated chicken eggs from skin nodules and regional lymph nodes collected from dead animals. Virion particles were observed on CAM by electron microscope. Finally, it could be concluded that skin lesions is a constant lesion in both young and adult animals together with systemic infection in severely infected animals.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Molecular Detection of Hemoplasma Species (Mycoplasma spp.) in Cattle in Cebu, Philippines
2015
Adrian Patalinghug Ybañez | Rochelle Haidee DaclanYbañez | Michihito Tagawa
Epidemiological reports on vector-borne diseases affecting cattle in the Philippines have been limited. The present study aimed to detect the presence of the Hemoplasma pathogen (Mycoplasma spp.) in dispersal cattle in selected plainlands and marginal uplands in Cebu, Philippines, using peripheral blood smear examination (PBSE) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. A total of 14 cattle were tested. Using PBSE, no inclusion bodies were observed. However, using PCR, 4 out of 14 cattle showed positive results. Results indicate the high sensitivity of the PCR methods in detecting Mycoplasma spp. than that of the PBSE. The present study adds new information on the biodiversity of vector-borne pathogens in cattle in Cebu, Philippines, and is the first report of detection in the country.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Influence of Swimming Deprivation on Behavior, Performance and some Blood Parameters of Muscovy Ducks
2015
Ahmed A.A. Mohammed | Mootaz A.M. Abdel-Rahman | Madeha H.A. Darwish
This experiment was done to determine the effect of swimming deprivation on drinking behaviour, feather pecking behavior, feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live body weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage, serum corticosterone, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) of Muscovy ducks. Two groups were used; the first one is the control group fed on basal diet with free access to swimming pond, and the second fed on basal diet without access to swimming pond. The previous parameters were recorded daily or weekly during the experiment or after slaughtering for collecting blood parameters. The results explained that, there was an insignificant decrease in drinking behavior and significant increase in feather pecking. However, there was an insignificant decrease in feed consumption, live body weight, feed conversion, weight gain, dressing percentage, liver weight and serum corticosterone level. There was an insignificant decrease in T3 and T4 level and significant increase in feather pecking behaviour. It could be concluded that, swimming deprivation at the end of the fattening period of ducks had an adverse effect on some duck behaviors but it have no significant effect on improvement of performance parameters and carcass characters.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Alternation of Pituitary-Testicular Axis in the NileTilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Dimethoate: An Immunohistochemical and Hormonal Study
2015
Amin Hassanin | Amel El Asely
The adverse effects of organophosphate dimethoate on testis morphology, luteinizing hormone (LH) cells structure and hormonal assay of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were examined. Adult male tilapia, average body weight 150.0±23.3 g, were exposed to environmentally relevant (0.03 mg/L-1) and sublethal (5.00 mg/L-1) doses of dimethoate for 15 and 30 days. Fish exposed to 0.03 mg/L-1 dimethoate exhibited significant decrease in the serum LH. While, 5.00 mg/L-1 dimethoate revealed significant increase in serum LH. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) displayed significant increase in 5.00 mg/L-1group exposed for 15 days. However, a significant reduction was observed in 0.03 mg/L-1group exposed for 30 days. Histological structure of the testes of the control tilapia showed numerous spermatogenic cysts; lumina filled with spermatozoa and little interstitial tissue. Fish exposed to dimethoate for 15 days showed scarcely spermatozoa, narrow seminiferous tubules and increase in the interstitial connective tissue. After 30 days, 5.00 mg/L-1 exposed fish showed progressive reduction of spermatozoa, empty tubules and a degenerative cell debris in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. Immunohistochemically, the LH cells were localised in proximal parse distalis of the tilapia adenohypophysis. LH cells were isolated, clustered or formed cord of cells surrounding the neurohypophyseal branches. In dimethoate exposed fish, LH cells displayed a reduction in size and mass distribution in the adenohypophysis. The cytoplasm of the LH cells were vacuolated and showing the sings of degeneration. The changes appeared in testicular structures and LH cells of the O. niloticus were in a dose and time-dependent manner. Based on these observations, sublethal or environmentally relevant concentrations of dimethoate exhibited an endocrine disruptive action at pituitary-testicular axis of Nile tilapia that might lower its reproductive potential.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Ultrasonographic Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation of the Foreign Body Complications in the Compound Stomach of Cattle and Buffaloes
2015
Effat E. El esawy | Adel M. Badawy | Samy F. Ismail
This study was aimed to detect and record the clinical and ultrasonographic findings of the different complications resulted from the foreign bodies lodged in the compound stomach of cattle and buffaloes. A total of 105 animals (37 cattle and 68 buffaloes) were subjected to study. Based on the clinical and ultrasonographic examination, animals were classified into; acute local reticuloperitonitis (ALRP) (15 cattle and 28 buffaloes), chronic local reticuloperitonitis (CLRP) (6 cattle and 14 buffaloes), acute diffuse reticuloperitonitis (ADRP) (5 cattle and 3buffaloes), reticular abscesses (RA) (4 cattle and 7 buffaloes), traumatic pericarditis (TP) (6 cattle and16 buffaloes) and liver abscess (one cattle). Results revealed that ALRP represented the highest percentage of 40.5% in cattle and 41.2 % in buffalos between the different complications of TRP. TP represented the second complications of higher incidence (16.2% in cows and 23.5% in buffalos). Liver abscess represented the lowest percentage (2.8%) and was recorded in cows only. The pregnant animals were affected more than the non pregnant. Clinical findings represented in systemic reaction and pain tests were commonly encountered in TRP and its complications. Some of the affected animals were negatively respond to metal detector test. Results of the present study indicated that the ultrasonographic examination provide a specific echogenic pattern for the different complications of TRP. It was concluded that, clinical examination only is not efficient to give accurate diagnosis of foreign body lodged in the reticulum and rumen and their complications. Ultrasonography is a safe, non invasive diagnostic confirmatory method that could be used for early detection of such conditions.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Light and Electron Microscopical Studies on the Hyalocytes of Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo)
2015
Melad E.G. Henis | Ahmed K. Ahmed | Ismail A. Ibrahim | Abdelmohaimen M. Saleh
The present study aimed to investigate the light and electron microscopical structure of the hyalocytes in turkey. This study was applied on a total number of 15 (10 males and 5 females) clinically healthy turkeys of Bronze black species, collected from a local farm in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. For sampling and fixation, 30 turkey's eyeballs were enucleated and subjected to study. The hyalocytes appeared as large cell with different shapes (rounded, oval or elliptical). They located within ambushes found along the outer surface of the retino-pecteneal membrane. In these cells, present numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles and large oval nucleus located near the internal part of the cell. There were many cytoplasmic processes that joined each other as a fine meshwork enclosing several vesicles or parts of foreign materials along the external portion of the cell. On the internal or deep surface of the cell present numerous filopodia, which extended to occupy the depressions found on the outer surface of the retino-pecteneal membrane. The presence of ingested foreign materials and the appearance of filopodia in a moving condition along the internal surface of the cell insure that hyalocytes are considered highly active phagocytic cells.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Studies on Some Parasitic Diseases in Oreochromis niloticus Fish Hatchery with Emphasis to Life Stages
2015
Amel M. El Asely | Eman A. Abd El-Gawad | Eman I. Soror | Aziza A. Amin | Adel A. Shaheen
This study was conducted on 210 Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) of different life stages including (100 fry, 100 fingerlings and 10 broodstocks) obtained from a private fish hatchery at Kafer El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt; during August 2014. The hatchery complains 30% mortality among fry and fingerlings while no mortalities was recorded among broodstocks. Parasitological examination revealed heavy infestation with Triochodina species (sp.) in all examined life stages at a prevalence rate 100%. In addition, Gyrodactylus sp. was recorded in gills of fry, fingerlings and broodstocks at a rate of 5, 12, and 10 %, respectively. Kidneys and gills of all examined life stages showed heavy infestations with Myxosporean sp., with 100 % prevalence rate. Haemogregarina sp. was described in the blood of fingerlings and gill tissues of broodstocks. Additionally, Encysted metacerceria was observed in gills of broodstocks. The recovered parasites were demonstrated hisopathologically in the gill and kidney tissues of the examined fish. The histopathological examination revealed that the infested gills exhibited serious lesions such as hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the lining epithelial cells of the gill filaments, fusion and necrosis of secondary lamellae and vasodilatation. The lining epithelium of the renal tubules showed degenerative and necrotic changes with the presence of various developmental stages of myxosporidia. In conclusion, fry and fingerlings exhibited high mortalities, while no mortality was recorded among broodstocks, regardless the intensity of infestation and severity of pathological alterations which was intense in broodstocks.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Prevalence of Dystocia in Sheep and Goats: A Study of 70 Cases (2004-2011)
2015
Hiranya K. Bhattacharyya | Mujeeb -u- R. Fazili | Fayaz A. Bhat | Bashir A. Buchoo
A total of seventy (70) sheep and goats, suffering from dystocia were included in this retrospective study. At the time of presentation 28.57% of the animals were recumbent. More than half (54.29%) of the total cases were referred after unsuccessful handling. Significantly highest prevalence was recorded in sheep during first lambing, in winter season and in the dams carrying male fetuses (p ≤ 0.05). The average weight of male and female fetuses was 3.14 and 2.75 kg respectively. Foetal dystocia (54.29%) out-numbered maternal causes (37.14%). Both maternal and fetal causes accounted for 8.57% of the dystocia. Head deviation, fore limb flexion, breech presentation, dog sitting position and fetal monstrosities were the common fetal causes. Ring womb, the most common maternal cause of dystocia could be treated by hormones in 33.33% (5/15) cases. Fetuses could be delivered by obstetrical mutation and extraction method in 51.43% (36/70) animals and by caesarean section in the remaining cases. Fetal and dam survival was 23.08% and 94.29% respectively. The average total cost for relieving dystocia in small ruminants by obstetrical mutation and by caesarean (including cost of suture and anaesthesia) was Rs. 215.00 and 570.00 respectively. From this study, it is concluded that in order to obtain high fetal and dam survival and also to reduce the cost of treatment, sheep and goats with dystocia should be presented without undue delay.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Histopathologic Evolution of Cardiomyopathy in a Canine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
2015
Lygia M.M. Malvestio | Isabela M. Martins | Flávio R. Moares | Julieta R.E. Moraes
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked disorder characterized for mutation in dystrophin gene and manifested by progressive degeneration and necrosis of skeletal and cardiac muscle with replacement leading to generalized muscular weakness and atrophy. The dog Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is the best experimental model for DMD, with genotypic and phenotypic manifestations closely of human disease. Similar to patients with DMD, heart failure is a major cause of death in GRMD animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pathological progression of myocardial lesions from GRMD dogs in different ages in order to clarify the pathogenesis of Duchenne´s cardiomyopathy. Fragments of left and right ventricle and interventricular septum, from 18 GRMD dogs between 6 to 51 months were collected, fixed, dehydrated, clarified, and finally embedded in paraffin. Five micrometer thick serial sections were obtained and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Picrosirius red, and Von Kossa. Histological analyses were performed at the light microscopy. Myocardial lesions were observed in all GRMD dogs and the sequence of cardiac lesion classified according to according to the age included: abnormal calcium accumulation, myofibrillar necrosis, proliferation of granulation tissue, endomysial and perimysial fibrosis, and finally myocardial fatty infiltration. Interestingly, several Anitschkow cells, the hallmark of rheumatic carditis, were detected in inflammatory infiltrate present at granulation tissue. Our results demonstrate the sequence of cardiac lesions that determine the cardiomyopathy in Golden Retriever dogs affected by DMD and exhibit, for the first time, the Anitschkow cells in the histological findings of this cardiomyopathy. These results are relevant for to clarify the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in dogs and humans affected by DMD.
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