No abstract available.

In recent years, exercise on a water treadmill has come to have great relevance in rehabilitation and training centres for sport horses. Its use exploits certain physical properties of water, related to the fundamental principles of hydrodynamics, such as buoyancy, viscosity, hydrostatic pressure, and water temperature. These properties together with deliberate specification of the depth of the water and the velocity of the treadmill provide a combination of parameters that can be varied according to the purpose of the rehabilitation or training programme, the disease to rehabilitate, or the healing phase. In the current article, kinematic adaptations to exercise on a water treadmill and the direct application of such exercise to the rehabilitation of superficial and deep digital flexor tendon and accessory ligament injuries and back and joint diseases are described.

Colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases of chickens, resulting in significant losses. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of E. coli infections in broiler chickens detecting their phenotypic characters such as Congo red binding activity, serum resistance and proteolytic activities. Samples were collected from 297 broiler chickens of different ages from different farms in El-Fayoum Governorate during the period from April 2017 up to March 2018. Bacteriological examination showed that 98 E. coli isolates were recovered with a prevalence rate of 33%. Results of Congo red binding activity and serum resistance revealed that all E. coli isolates (100%) showed Congo red binding activity and survive for 1 and 6 hrs and grown for 18 hrs in the presence of serum. Results of proteolytic activity revealed that 43 E. coli isolates (43.9%) were able to digest casein of skimmed milk while 16 isolates (16.3%) were positive for gelatin liquefaction test.

Strongyle species infestation considered the main parasitic problem in equines specially donkeys. Veterinarians and owners used to depend on the affordable drugs, which led to development of resistance. A total number of 215 donkeys of different sexes, ages and in different locations at El Kharga city (El Wadi El Gadid Governorate, Egypt) were examined for detection of strongyle species infection. Fecal samples were collected and examined using floatation test and egg count was done using McMaster technique. The overall prevalence of strongyle species was 73.02% of examined donkeys. 35.03% of infested donkeys showed mild infection, 20.38% showed moderate infection and 44.59% showed severe infection. Prevalence of strongyle species was 75.56% in female donkeys and 71.2% in males. The highest prevalence rate was recorded at Al-Sherka55 (100%) followed by Al-Thawra areas (84.62%). Animals under 3 years old had a slightly higher prevalence than animals 3 – 8 years old, and donkeys > 8 years old showed no infection rate. The therapeutic efficacy of ivermectin, doramectin and pyrantel at the manufacturers recommended dose were evaluated in a controlled experiment, which involved 28 donkeys naturally infected with strongyle species worms. Doramectin was highly efficient against strongyle species worm infection than ivermectin and pyrantel. In ivermectin treated group, the mean FECR% reduced on day 28 to be 91.6%. Also, it has been found that small strongyle EPG counts are returned much quicker than when the drug was first marketed. Mean FECR % in pyrantel treated animals was less than 90% for the whole 28 days of treatment. In conclusion, this was the first study to report prevalence of strongyle species infection in donkeys in El-Kharga city, El-Wadi El-Gadid governorate, Egypt. Additionally, it was the first to report ivermectin resistance in infested donkeys in that area. Donkey’s owners are recommended to use doramectin for treatment of parasitic infection.

The nasal plane (rhinarium) in camels is an important specialized integumentary structure, however, little is known about its structure and function. Accordingly, the first aim of this study was to describe the microscopic anatomy of the dermis. The second aim was to determine the anatomical communications of the nasal plane, in relation to the feasible functions. The microscopic study revealed a characteristic dermal structure. While, the gross anatomical study revealed important anatomical communications between the nasal plane and the vomeronasal organ openings. Together, the discussed data indicating that the nasal plane in dromedaries may play a role in delivering stimuli to the vomeronasal organ.

Commercial broiler chickens are frequently infected with Ecoli serotypes in form of collibacillosis whichcharacterized as an initial respiratory infection (air sacculitis) followed by generalized septicemia, perihepatitis andpericarditis. The present work aimed to study the ability of E.coli O125 previuosly isolated and identified fromdiseased broilers suffered from pericarditis , airsacculitis and perihapatitis to induce a disease and The current studyaimed to determine the pathogenicity of E. coli serogroup O125 in broiler chicks, a trial of prevention and treatmentusing probiotic ( Guardyazin-m) or antibiotic (Cipronate20%). The chicks were divided into seven groups includingcontrol negative, orally infected , subcutenously infected , probiotic treated group, and finally antibiotic treatedgroup. The clinical signs, mortality, performance parameters and postmortem examination as well as thepathological changes in liver and intestine were recorded. The probiotic group gave the best results in controllinginfection by E. coli O125 followed by antibiotic. In conclusion, the E. coli O125 serogroup was pathogenic to chickswhen experimentally inoculated, so particular attention must be directed toward E. coli O125 as a pathogen infectingbird. Also probiotics was of great value in protection against the E. coli infection and improve the performanceparameters of chicks . Its effect on feed consumption , weekly body weight gain and feed conversion rate (FCR) wasdetermined.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of food-borne disease worldwide and food poisoning. This study reports the effect of nisin (0, 10 and 12.5 ppm) against Staphylococcus aureus in manufactured kareish cheese. Nisin was effective in reducing S. aureus count in cheese; a reduction of S. aureus count was observed from the 2nd day of storage period. S. aureus in kareish cheese decreased gradually from 4x108 to (8×107, 6.5×107, 5.8×107 CFU/gm.) in the 1st week till reached at the end of storage period of the 4th week to (4 ×104, 1.1×103, 1×102 CFU/gm.) for cheese containing (0, 10 and 12.5 ppm) of nisin, respectively during manufacture and storage for a month in the refrigerator at 4 ˚C. The data obtained in this study suggested that the use of nisin-containing cheese can be an effective method of controlling the growth and multiplication of S. aureus in cheese.

The current study aimed to describe the normal cross sectional anatomy,magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of fetlock joint inadult camel from both sexes. The study was carried out on twelve fetlockjoints of fresh cadavers from three camels. The case history of these camelsindicated that they were grossly normal with no orthopedic disorders. Thecadaveric fetlock joints (n=12) were scanned using CT scanner and a 1 TeslaMRI scanner, injected with colored latex and sectioned into transverse, dorsaland sagittal slices. Cross anatomical sections were correlated with theircorresponding CT and MR images for evaluation of the normal relevantanatomical structures which appeared with different signal intensities on CTand MRI scans. The current study revealed that all major soft tissues infetlock joint of camel were clearly visualized on both CT and MR images,except the short and cruciate sesamoidean ligaments which could not beidentified on both CT and MR images. The anatomical sections with thecorresponding CT and MR images obtained in this study could be used as areference for diagnosis and interpretation of clinical diseases in fetlock jointof camel.

Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid commonly used for epidural anesthesia in human either alone or in combination with bupivacaine but not in goat. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of epidural butorphanol either alone or in combination with bupivacaine. Fifteen adult apparently healthy goats were randomized into three equal groups to receive a lumbosacral epidural injection of bupivacaine 0.5 % (0.5 mg/kg), butorphanol 1% (0.08 mg/kg) or their combination (bupivacaine 0.25 mg/kg and butorphanol 0.04 mg/kg). Animals were observed for incoordination of hind limbs, perineal pin prick and sedation at 10 minutes interval. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were assessed every 15 minutes. Epidural butorphanol resulted into significantly (P <0.05) rapid analgesia (9.8 ± 1.1 Min) than the butorphanol– bupivacaine combination (12.8 ± 0.84 Min) and bupivacaine (16.6 ± 0.55). Butorphanolbupivacaine combination provoked significant ((P < 0.05) prolonged intense analgesia (208 ± 8.36 Min) compared to either bupivacaine (112 ± 8.37) or butorphanol (166 ± 5.48 Min). Ataxia accompanied administration of bupivacaine either alone or in combination with butorphanol, while sedation was observed in animals received butorphanol alone or combined with bupivacaine. No significant changes were observed in heart rate, respiratory rate or rectal temperature. The epidural administration of butorphanol-bupivacaine combination promoted longer-lasting analgesia in goats without motor disturbances compared to bupivacaine alone. This combination might prove useful clinically to provide analgesia in goats for long-duration perineal obstetrical or surgical procedures.

The present study aimed to describe the normal cross sectional anatomyand magnetic resonance imaging of pastern and coffin joints in dromedarycamel. This study was conducted on twelve distal limbs (fore and hind) offresh cadavers from three adult camels of both sexes. The specimens appearednormal without orthopedic disorders. Twelve distal limbs were scanned usinga 1 Tesla MRI scanner and then injected with colored latex to be sectionedinto sagittal, dorsal and transverse slices. Cross anatomical sections werematched with their corresponding MR images for identification andevaluation of the clinically relevant anatomical structures that appeared withdifferent signal intensities on MRI scans. The present study showed that allmajor soft tissues in pastern and coffin joints of camel were clearly depictedon MR images, however, the palmar/plantar ligaments of pastern joint andligaments of navicular cartilage could not be identified on MR images. Theannotated cross anatomical sections with the corresponding MR images couldbe used as a normal reference for interpretation of some clinical diseases inpastern and coffin joints of camel.