An experiment was conducted to compare the bioavailability of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate (TA) with that of dl-alpha-tocopherol nicotinate (TN) when administered to sheep, as a single dose, either into the rumen or the peritoneal cavity. A total of 16 sheep were used in a factorial design, with 4 sheep/treatment at the interaction level. In addition, 5 sheep that received no supplemental alpha-tocopherol, were euthanatized at the end of the trial to provide baseline data for tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Curves were fitted to the plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration values, taken over 180 hours after administration of the esters. Availability of TA was greater than TN, as evidenced by the significantly higher curve parameter values (P < 0.05) and tissue concentrations (P < 0.05). Route of administration had a marked effect on availability of TA (P < 0.001), but not of TN.

Objective: The present study was planned to examine the changes in serum protein fractions of lambs with pica symptoms with electrophoresis. Material and Methods: The three study groups were the control group that included healthy lambs, pretreatment and post-treatment groups that included lamb with pica. Lambs with pica symptoms were then treated with a single capsule mineral complex orally and single dose vitamin complex. Serum protein fractions in blood samples were determined with cellulose-acetate electrophoresis.Results: It was determined that in terms of concentration, total protein, albumin and β-globulin, levels did not change, albumin percentage levels increased with pica, however reached control group levels with treatment and α1-Globulin and α2-Globulin levels reduced after treatment. Based on % gr, it was determined that α1-Globulin and β-Globulin did not change and α2-Globulin decreased. ɣ-Globulin level and percentage increased after treatment.Conclusion: Profiles of serum protein fractions may play an important role in the etiology of pica; it was suggested that the identification of serum protein fractions should be considered as a beneficial method in veterinary clinic for the detection, treatment and follow-up of certain diseases and certain nutrition-related conditions.

In order to increase egg and chicken meat production, poultry growth is critical. The purpose of this study is to see how well broiler chickens perform when provided different additives in their meals (trace minerals and vitamins). Nutraceuticals, in addition to providing nutritional requirements for birds, offer advantageous pharmacological effects, such as assisting in the establishment of normal state of physiological health, preventing various diseases, and thus improving production performance. The vitamins, polypeptides and amino acids, minerals, enzymes, and other nutraceuticals are examples. Vitamins are dietary substances that are required for vital cell functions such as cell development, growth, and metabolism process. Mineral nutrition is critical in broiler chicken production, with an emphasis on manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu). Due to the availability of organic trace elements and today''s fast-growing birds, broiler chickens'' Mn, Zn, Se, and Cu requirements must be revised.

This study; It was aimed to compare serum and rumen content, trace element and serum vitamin levels and rumen content in indigestion cattle with healthy animals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 30 cattle, 10 healthy (control group) and 20 indigestion group. Indigestion diagnosis in animals was determined by anamnesis information, clinical and rumen content examination.Hematologically, there was no statistical difference between indigestion and control groups. Serum magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) levels of the measured trace elements decreased in the group with indigestion (p<0.05), while the levels of cobalt (Co) increased significantly (p<0.01). While there was a significant increase (p<0.5) in cattle with indigestion in rumen content Ca values compared to healthy cattle, serum levels were decreased (p<0.05). A positive correlation (p<0.01) was determined between rumen content levels of indigestion cattle and serum Mg levels of control group and rumen content of control group. In addition, a negative correlation was found between serum Ca and rumen content values of cattle with indigestion. In serum vitamin levels, Vitamin B1 (Vit B1) decreased statistically (p<0.05), while Vitamin B12 (Vit B12) was found to increase non-statistically (p>0.05).As a result, it was concluded that the decrease in serum Mg, Ca and Zn values in indigestion animals is important and these trace elements should be used in treatment.

This study was planned to determine the effect of certain vitamin applications on antioxidant and oxidant parameters in the osteoblast cell line exposed to sodium fluoride in vitro and to evaluate the protective role of certain vitamins against possible toxic effects of fluoride. Cells were replicated in vitro conditions with regular passaging 2-3 times weekly. MTF viability test was used to determine IC50 of NaF (5000μM) and proliferative doses of vitamins (Vitamin A: 10μM, Vitamin D: 10μM, Vitamin E: 60μM, Vitamin C: 100μM) for hFOB 1.19 cells. Cells were sown in flasks as so to be 106. The study groups were identified as control, NaF, vitamins and NaF+vitamins. After incubation for 24 hours, cells treated with trypsin were prepared by freeze/thaw method and MTT viability test, TAS, SOD, GSH, CAT, TOS and MDA analyzes were performed on these samples.In the hFOB 1.19 cell line, TAS levels decreased significantly in the NaF group (p≤0.05), but were close to the control group in NaF+vitamin groups with the exception of vitamin C. However, there was no difference between the groups in terms of GSH level and CAT and SOD activities when the control and NaF groups were compared. It was observed that TOS level increased significantly in the NaF group (p<0.05), decreased in the NaF+vitamin groups and were lower in the NaF+vitamin C and E groups than the control group (p <0.05). While OSI was the highest in the NaF group, no significant difference in MDA level was observed compared with the control group.Conclusion: As a result, it was found that NaF administration in the osteoblast cell line increased oxidative stress and decreased following vitamin application. It was found that the effect of NaF administration in the osteoblast cell line on cell viability was consistent with the oxidative stability and that the vitamin application conformably changed cell viability and oxidative balance.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a comparative estimation of efficiency of the increased level of phosphorus, calcium, copper, zinc, cobalt, iodine and vitamins A and D in comparison with regulations of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Soviet Union (1985) and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2003) for pregnant cows in a dry period at summer feeding. Also, there was studied the digestibility of nutritive substances of forages in cow diets, as well as the evaluation of their after-effect on revelation of dairy productivity indexes in the subsequent two months of lactation, biochemical blood indexes and payment of forage byproducts. As a result of application of moderately increasing levels of macro- and trace elements, vitamin D, and phosphorus in particular on 10,0% in comparison with 15,0% and existing level in rations of pregnant cows there was stated a slight decreasing of pregnancy duration of animals on 0,10 day. Also, there was marked an increasing of milk yield of milk with 4% fat content on 1,64% and 4,48%, the growth and development of calves in the prophylactic period on 4,18 and 4,61%,; and the was an improvement of organic substance digestibility on 1,52 and 1,78%. Besides, there was revealed more moderate number of leukocytes and content of crude protein.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the efficiency of application of different levels of vitamins and trace elements in feeding of servicing bulls. In course of the study there was analyzed the influence of different levels of supply of servicing bulls with vitamins A, D, E and trace elements (copper; zinc; manganese; iron; cobalt; selenium) on their reproductive ability. On the basis of the experiment there was calculated the economic efficiency of application of the developed vitamin and mineral additive. Research results showed that application of the developed protein and mineral additive in diets of servicing bulls in winter and summer periods made it possible to increase the ejaculate volume on 7,4% and 12,4% (P less than 0,05), sperm activity on 6,7 % (P less than 0,05) and 7,3% (P less than 0,01), concentration of spermium in ejaculate on 6,3% and 7,8% (P less than 0,05). Also, it promoted the lowering of percentage of defective sperm doses.

Investigation of histological structures of liver of fattening broiler chickens after application of concentrate of E and F vitamins produced on the basis of rapeseed oil was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in order to evaluate their efficiency for prophylaxis of massive hepatic necrosis. Research results showed that application of the vitamins on the basis of rapeseed oil promoted the support of structural properties of hepatic cells that proved their higher antioxidant efficiency in comparison with synthetic vitamin analogues