A substantial advance in our understanding on the estrogen signaling occurred in the last decade. Estrogens interact with two receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, also known as ERα and ERβ, respectively. ESR1 and ESR2 belong to the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. 24 male mice divided into four groups as following : negative control, low dose group, intermediate dose group and high dose group, the groups of treatment were injected with estrogen at different doses while the negative control group were injected with normal saline (by method of intramuscular injection for all groups) and after 6 weeks all animals had been killed and the prostate was picked up and sectioned to reveal the histopathological changes. the study found that the injection of exogenous estrogen result in marked hyperplasia of the prostatic tissue and the hyperplasia increased significantly with elevation of the estrogen dose. In conclusion injection of exogenous estrogen lead to prostate hyperplasia through its action on the estrogen receptors which present in both stromal and epithelial component of the prostate

The aim of this study investigate the effects of long term administration of Dexamethasone (DEX.) 17 β-estradiol (EST.) on body weight, concentration of some hormones ( Leptin, thyroid and reproductive hormone) in addition to determination of lipid profile of female rabbits blood serum. Thirty local rabbits were subdivided randomly and equally into three groups. The first group was used as a control which injected with normal saline . The second group was injected daily (0.5mg /kg B.W) DEX . Intramuscularly. The third group was injected subcutaneously daily with 0.3 mg /kg B.W s/c 17 β-estradiol. All groups in this study were treated for 60 days , and blood collected every 15 days. Serum was tested for leptin, LH, FSH, T3, T4 hormones total Cholesterol(TC), HDL(height density lipo-protein), LDL (low density lipo- protein),TG (triglycerides), Body weight was taken every 15 days from the first day . The result showed significant (P≤0.05) decreased in body weight after administration of both dexamethasone (DEX.) and Estrogen (EST.), significant increased in leptin concentration with dexamethasone (DEX.) Treatment while significant decreased with Estrogen (EST.) treatment, in the other hand LH and FSH concentration showed significant decreased in both treatment dexamethasone (DEX.) and Estrogen (EST.) thyroid hormone show significant decreased with dexamethasone (DEX.) Treatment and significant increased T3 & T4 hormone with Estrogen (EST.) treatment as compare with control while the increase in the T4 it was occurred only in the periods (45and 60)days within treatment groups , lipid profile (TC,TG,LDL, HDL,VLDL) show significant increased with DEX. treatment while Significant decreased with EST. treatment

The study designed to use high cholesterol diet to male rats(Rattus norvegicus) and asses the ability of the different concentrations of taurine to protect the reproduction from the harmful effect of hypercholesterolemia during 4 weeks of treatment .Thirty six adult male rats were used, randomly divided into six equal groups (six for each)as control and five treatment groups. Control of animals were fed on the standard ration. First treated group was supplied with the standard ration in addition to 1.5% taurine . Second treated group was supplied with standard ration in addition to 1.5% cholesterol .Third, Fourth and Fifth treated groups were supplied with standard ration in addition to 1.5% cholesterol and 2,3and 4% taurine /kg ration respectively and were handled for four weeks. At the end of the experiment the blood serum samples were collect and FSH, LH, testosterone and estrogen levels were taken and sperm vitality was recorded in addition to the weight of testis and epididymis were recorded. The results revealed to the positive role of taurine in protection of reproductive from the pad effect of hypercholesterolemia in male rats .The taurine led to increase in Gonadotropin hormones FSH and LH in addition to the testosterone after it has been reduced due to cholesterol in the ration and as a results to gonadotropin and testosterone hormone improvement ,the sperm viability was improved as well after it was decline due to high cholesterol addition in experimental

Thirty local female rabbits were divided randomly and equally into three groups. The 1st group used as control which injected with phosphate buffer salin. The 2nd group was injected daily with leptin (5μg/animal) S/c. The 3rd group was injected subcutaneously daily with (10μg/animal) S/c. All groups were treated for 60 days, and blood samples were collected every 15 days, serum was tested for T3, T4 hormones, total Cholesterol (TC), HDL (height density lipo-protein) , LDL (low density lipo- protein), TG (triglycerides) and Body weight was taken every 15 days during the experiment . The result show significant (P≤0.05) decreased in body weight after administration of leptin in two doses. Significant increased in Thyroid hormone after leptin administration. While lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL, HDL,VLDL) show significant decreased with leptin treatment(5 and 10μg/animal) S/c.

The present study amid to characterized the potential toxic effects of bismuth chloride through oral administration on blood and biochiemical parameters of laboratory rats.Solutions of bismuth chloride were chronically feed by stomach tube to rats in(2.5mg/kg and 5 mg/kg).Animals were anesthetized after two months and blood samples were obtained,blood and biochemical parameters were appreciated between control and experimental Groups.The investigation of blood parameters included red blood cells count (RBC) hemoglobin concentration,packed cell volume PCV and total white blood cell count(WBC)biochemical parameters included total serum cholesterol(TSCH),alanin aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST).The results showed significant decrease (p≤0.05) of R.B.C count ,Hb concentrations PCV value and total W.B.C count in contrast ,there was significant increase(p≤0.05) of the total serum cholesterol(,ALTand AST) activities.

The lethal concentration of N-ZnO was determined in this study ,juvenile Cyprinus carpio L.mean weight 150±10g which were exposed to different concentration of N-ZnO (10-50 PPM) for 24 hrs ,the mortality rate of fish reached to 100% at 50 ppm concentration while the percentage decreased to 50% when the fish exposure to 30ppm concentration of N-ZnO.The histopathological lesions in the kidney were characterized by hemorrhage in an interstitial nephrotic tissue ,infiltration of inflammatory cells , there was cloudy swelling in the renal tubules . In the gill there were hyper trophy of pillar cells and necrosis in the secondary gill filaments .There were necrosis in the hepatic tissue and hemorrhage and sloughing in the pancreatic tissue.

In this study S. canis and 12 various species and serogroups of streptococci including: S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G), S. uberis, S. parauberis, S. phocae, S. suis, S. equi subsp. equi, S. equi subsp. zooepidimicus, S. porcinus and S. pyogenes were used and identified reliably by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) of 1.43 kb of 16S ribosomal RNA gene using universal oligonuclotide primers and subsequent digestion with the restriction endonucleases including RsaI, MspI and AvaII. The PCR-RFLP results showed that RsaI restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis appeared different with all streptococci species baring the S. equi subsp. equi and S. equi subsp. zooepidimicus. The MspI restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis could be differentiated from S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroups C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroups G), S. phocae, S. suis, S. porcinus and S. pyogenes. The AvaII restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis could be distinguished from S. dygalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dygalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G) S. parauberis, S. phocae and S. suis. In conclusion, PCR-RFLP method using restriction endonucleases RsaI, MspI and AvaII could be useful method for identification of S. canis from S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G) and other related streptococci species. It can be concluded that RFLP method might help to determine the prevalence of S. canis in animal and human infections .

In this study, fresh fish (Otolithes ruber, Saurida tumbil, Pseudorhombus malayanus, Acanthopagrus latus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Tenualosa ilisha), imported frozen fish (Megalaspis cordyla, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Acanthopagrus latus) and imported canned fish species (sardines, mackerel and tuna) were used to detect and determine some toxic trace elements. All fish samples contained trace elements. The total concentrations mean for Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cd and Mn were between (1.73-11.93), (8.75-25.80), (ND-3.19), (0.11-0.31), (0.10-0.35), (0.23-3.00) and (0.11-1.86) mg/kg dry weight respectively in muscles of fresh fish, and between (13.21-53.74), (6.61-43.93), (0.35-2.10), (0.37-2.30), (0.20-0.54), (1.50-3.53) and (0.13-4.50)mg/kg dry weight respectively in the muscles of frozen fish species, and between(21.75-56.30), (5.21-82.84), (0.25-1.51), (0.33-1.96), (0.20-0.47), (0.51-2.22) and (0.13-0.81) mg/kg dry weight respectively in canned fish . Concentrations average of some trace elements were exceeded the permitted legal limits that set by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization.

The present study was carried out to determine the relationship between resistin , Insulin-Like Growth- I (IGF-I) and insulin resistance (IR) in female rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome( PCOS) model and assess their association. Twenty virgin rats were divided into two equal groups: Control group: included 10 rats were given only single intramuscular injection (i.m) of 0.2 ml pure corn oil for each rat. The second PCOS group: included 10 rats given single i.m of 4 mg estradiol valerate dissolved into 0.2 ml pure corn oil for each rat. After 63 days all rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from inferior vena cava to obtain the serum for resistin, insulin, IGF-I, SHBG, FSH, LH and FT concentrations. The results revealed a significant increase in serum resistin, IGF-I, insulin, LH and FT concentrations in PCOS group in comparison with control group (P≤0.05),also a significant(P≤0.05) decrease in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentration in PCOS group compared with control, while, no significant difference was found in FSH concentration. The presence of insulin resistance may play an important role in the pathogenesis of increase of resistin and IGF-I in rats with induce PCOS

This study was done on twenty mature male rabbits divided randomly into two equal experimed groups of ten animals each . the first group regardes as controls and drenched (2ml) normal saline orally daily for thirty days . The other group were drenched (20 mglkg ) body weight of water extract of origanum vulgare for thirty days also . At the end of drenching period blood samples were drawn from all animals heart puncture and blood was analysed for total RBC count ; HB % and PCV% ; Total leakocytic count and blood indices of MCH ; MCV ; and MCHC were calculated in addition to blood smears were done to estimate percentages of differentical leakocytic counts. Results ; PCV% ; total RBC counts and MCH compared with control group There was significant increase (P≤0.05) in treated group in total leakocytic count and MCV and significantly decrease only in MCHC . Also there was only significant increase (P≤0.05) in nutrophils due to treatment