The morphology and the Vasculaturc of the ltdncy of the Buffaloes was escr: lei lined BL.lfI‘t-11005 kidneys was eorrc at u. Information obtained from gross dissection o em )1 . Th‘ f wtionrll with latex and Cold cure solution injected vascular and in excI‘et0TY 035” " u‘ ‘ significance of the renal apparatus was discussed

Forty sera of patients infected with Leishmania donovani and (10) sera from apparently healthy subject were tested by single radial immunodiffusion to visualize the concentration of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C4. Recent results showed that there was a highly significant increase in the level of IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 but there were no significant differences in the level of IgA between the two—studied groups.

It can be prepared a good drug or antibiotic depending on this research .its same as build a beautiful house depending on a good building factors, this research is about the important relation between the biological activity (the activity against the microbes) and stereochemical structure of the preparing compounds .To obtain this relation two ‘compounds has been prepared and tested on different species - r j (§_t.aureus, _F:._c_ofi, candida albicans), one of these two compounds has show more activity than the other even the difference between them is simple, this question was push us to study the more active compound (compound (l)), why it more active against the microbes, _ also this question led us to estimate the important relation five factors effecting the relation, th1s relation was obtained not from the two compounds only, but depending on more than these compounds the relation was obtained, also preparing compounds in this research are enough to illustrate the five factors leading to the important relation. _ ‘To understanding the research idea or the important relation, compound (3) was _ prepared which its more active than the two compounds. , ' All the three compounds have identify by melting point, solubility test, CHNSO analyzer, l.R., and uv-visible spectra

plant /I/ac van: is a green succulent .cactus-like plant belonging to the lily family ,The.plant has a history of use in folk medicine for skin and otherdisorders. The objective of the study presented in this report was to screen the extracts of this plant for its wound- - healing properties based on its traditional use for wound healing. ethanolic extracts was prepared for topical applications. The dose used was 150 mg/kg daily for 10 days, using the excision wound model in rabbits. Carboxymethyl cellulose (1%) was used as control in . ‘ topical studies. Animals were randomized divided to treatment or control groups, . Wound areas were measured. At the day Il',skin .tissue was excised for histological studies" . Wound areas reduced significantly in all treatment groups compared to respective controls (P < .001). Histology outcomes were consistent with changes in the treatment groups. No differences were detected within the treatment groups. The study permits the conclusion that Aloe Vera has wound—hea‘ling potential

The effects of dimethylaminoazobenzene dye were studied in rats by exposing skin directly to the dye. Twenty one mature rats Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups and I represented by (control group Tlgroup treated with ether (vehicle) only, and T2 group treated with dimethylaminoazobenzene. dissolved in ether). The obtained results concluded the carcinogenic effects of dimethylaminoazobenzene depending on marked grossly and histological changes represented by appearance of skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) types in T2 group

Objective-To assess gait abnormalities associated with selective anesthesia of the suprascapular nerve (SSN) achieved by use of perineural catheterization and thereby determine the function of that nerve as it relates to gait in horses. Animals-3 adult horses with no preexisting clinically apparent lameness at a walk. Procedure-Each horse was anesthetized; the right SSN was exposed surgically for placement of a perineural catheter to permit delivery of 1 mL of 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride. Six hours after recovery from anesthesia, each horse was videotaped while walking (50-step data acquisition period) before and after administration of mepivacaine. Videotapes were reviewed and the proportion of abnormal steps before and after selective SSN anesthesia was assessed. A step was considered abnormal if a marked amount of scapulohumeral joint instability (ie, lateral luxation of the proximal portion of the humerus) was observed during the weight-bearing phase of the stride. Results-Clinically apparent gait dysfunction was detected in all 3 horses following perineural administration of the local anesthetic agent. Anesthesia of the SSN resulted in scapulohumeral joint instability as evidenced by consistent lateral excursion of the shoulder region during the weight-bearing phase of gait at a walk. The proportion of abnormal steps before and after SSN anesthesia was significantly different in all 3 horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-These data support the role of the SSN in shoulder joint stability in horses and define SSN dysfunction as 1 mechanism by which the syndrome and gait dysfunction clinically referred to as sweeny may develop.

Objective-To determine via histologic examination and scintigraphy the effect of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on normal bone and the bone-ligament interface in horses. Animals-6 horses without lameness. Procedure-Origins of the suspensory ligament at the metacarpus (35-mm probe depth) and fourth metatarsal bone (5-mm probe depth) were treated twice (days 0 and 16) with 2,000 shocks (energy flux density, 0.15 mJ/mm2). One forelimb and 1 hind limb were randomly treated, and the contralateral limbs served as nontreated controls. Bone scans were performed on days -1 (before ESWT), 3, 16, and 19. Histomorphologic studies of control and treated tissues were performed on day 30. Results-ESWT significantly increased the number of osteoblasts but caused no damage to associated soft tissue structures and did not induce cortical microfractures. A significant correlation between osteoblast numbers and radiopharmaceutical uptake was noticed on lateral views of the hind limb on days 3 and 16 and on caudal views of the forelimb on day 3. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that ESWT has the potential to increase osteoblast numbers in horses. The correlation between increased osteoblast numbers and radiopharmaceutical uptake 3 days and 16 days after the first ESWT suggested that stimulation of osteogenesis occurred soon after ESWT. No damage to bone or the bone-ligament interface should occur at the settings used in this study, and ESWT can therefore be administered safely in horses.

Objective-To determine the prevalence and temporal onset of lung lesions in lambs and the impact of lung lesions on growth of affected lambs. Animals-259 crossbred wether lambs from a single flock in the upper Midwestern United States. Procedure-An observational study was conducted. Lambs born in the spring and fall were slaughtered at finished weight or at a predetermined time point. Lungs of each lamb were examined and classified as normal, moderate lesions (consolidation > 5% but less than or equal to 50% of any lobe), or severe lesions (consolidation > 50% of any lobe). Data were examined to detect effects of prevalence or severity of lung lesions on growth and carcass traits. Results-57 of 89 (64%) spring-born lambs had lung lesions characterized by consolidation of lung tissue. A small number of lambs had pulmonary adhesions or active abscesses. In contrast, only 31 of 108 (29%) fall-born lambs had lung lesions. Severe lung lesions were associated with a significant reduction in average daily gain. Severe lung lesions were not detected until the middle of the finishing period and were associated with culture of Mannheimia haemolytica or Pasteurella multocida. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Analysis of results indicates that the prevalence of severe lung lesions can be quite high in lambs. Severe lung lesions can lead to greatly decreased growth performance of lambs.

Objective-To assess the use of CSF testing with an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) caused by Sarcocystis neurona. Sample Population-Test results of 428 serum and 355 CSF samples from 182 naturally exposed, experimentally infected, or vaccinated horses. Procedure-EPM was diagnosed on the basis of histologic examination of the CNS. Probability distributions were fitted to serum IFAT results in the EPM+ and EPM- horses, and correlation between serum and CSF results was modeled. Pairs of serum-CSF titers were generated by simulation, and titer-specific likelihood ratios and post-test probabilities of EPM at various pretest probability values were estimated. Post-test probabilities were compared for use of a serum-CSF test combination, a serum test only, and a CSF test only. Results-Post-test probabilities of EPM increased as IFAT serum and CSF titers increased. Post-test probability differences for use of a serum-CSF combination and a serum test only were less than or equal to 19% in 95% of simulations. The largest increases occurred when serum titers were from 40 to 160 and pre-test probabilities were from 5% to 60%. In all simulations, the difference between pre- and post-test probabilities was greater for a CSF test only, compared with a serum test only. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-CSF testing after a serum test has limited usefulness in the diagnosis of EPM. A CSF test alone might be used when CSF is required for other procedures. Ruling out other causes of neurologic disease reduces the necessity of additional EPM testing.