Twenty nine E. coli isolates were previously isolated from beef from slaughter house, and raw milk of different origin were collected from different parts in Basrah. Five E. coli isolates were identified as E.coli O157:H7 using O157 and H7 antisera. E. coli O157:H7 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility test. The results showed that all tested bacteria were sensitive to gentamycin and Amikacin and resistant to amoxicillin and cefoxitim. The DNA of these isolates were amplified to detect verotoxins gene (vt1, 91bp) and pyelonephritis-associated pili gene ( pap,91bp). All the isolates were observed having (vt1) All the isolates were observed having (vt1) and pap genes.

Sepsis is a syndrome involving the systemic host response to an inflammatory or infectious agents.itis a common and frequently fatal condition that occur as a result of severe infection often leading to overwhelming systemicinflammation (1 , 2) , Also The sepsis syndrome is defined by widespread inflammation, host immune dysfunction, dysregulation of the coagulation cascade, and endothelial dysfunction in response to invading pathogens(3). Cecum ligation and puncture CLP , is currently the most widely used animal model of sepsis (4) . Intra-abdominal infections may be a source for sepsis ,these infections generate a peritoneal inflammatory response to poly-microbial organisms derived from the gastrointestinal tract . Peritonitis may originate from a defect in an abdominal viscus , such as an acute intestinal perforation that progresses to sepsis , resulting in high morbidity andmortality in experimental animals . A shift toward an anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive state has been postulated to occur in the later phase of sepsis (5). the aim of this study was to investigate the pathological changes of liver , kidney and lung associated with sepsis .

The present study was undertaken to investigate the ability of antioxidants Coriander sativum L . (cilantro ) and Allium sativum L.(garlic ) to protect against mercuric chloride induced reproductive toxicity in male rats .A sub Lethal chronic exposure (0.12mg/kg B.W mercuric chloride )resulted in a decrease of body weight, testicular weight and testosterone hormone with regressed histological properties of testis , epididymis and pre - cancerous changes in epididymis .These changes were ameliorated with the administration of cilantro and garlic .The results of our study suggested that the mentioned antioxidants exert significant protection against mercuric chloride induced male reproductive toxicity and provide a strong evidence for the beneficial role of antioxidant vegetables in prevention of mercury toxicity

Venous blood samples were collected 283 ewes observed in nine different regions of Maysan province during the period from October 2012 to March 2013 for detecting toxoplasmosis by using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgG) and latex agglutination test (LAT). Three groups of ewes pregnant, non-pregnant and aborted were selected for both tests, and the results showed that the rates of Toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted group is the highest, followed by pregnant group using the LAT test (73.33% and 65.38%) respectively, while the proportion of ewes aborted were the top (40%) in the ELISA test. The results of LAT and ELISA tests showed that Al –Musharah subdistrict is the highest in the seropositivity against Toxoplasma (78.26% and 39.13%) respectively. As for the relationship between age and Toxoplasma seropositivity, the results showed that the highest seropositivity rate in the age groups more than a year and two years (65.30% and 65.57%) respectively by using LAT test , and high seropositivity rate (32.65) in the age group more than a year with ELISA test. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences(p ≥ 0.05) between the LAT and ELISA tests with regard to Toxoplasma seropositivity

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the auto-omental graft on the fracture healing after destruction of the periosteum around the fracture site in rabbits. Eight mature healthy rabbits of local breed were employed to performed transverse fracture in the mid shift of the femoral bone, under general anesthesia and highly aseptic technique, then destruction of the periosteum was done about 1 cm away from each end of the fragments bone. The immobilization by intramedulary pinning, then the animals were divided into two equal group. The control group was left to follow the healing process, while in the treatment group the auto- omental graft was used to cover the fracture site. This graft was taken from the laparotomy of the left side and weekly radiographic examination performed for 10 weeks. The result is revealed that the omental graft play an important role in promote the fracture healing which was evident during the early new bone formation at the end of the second week compare to the control group which the sign of the callus formation was obvious lately at the end of the third week. The nature of the callus formation of the treatment group was limited to the fracture site and quickly cross the fracture site .While in the control group the new bone formation was heavy unlimited and need 8-9 week to bridge the fracture fragments. The omental graft play role in starting the remodeling phase, by decreasing the amount of the callus formation, with the signs of increase of the callus density, and marked of incorporation of the callus formation with the cortical bone

The present study was undertaken to find the alteration in some urine and serum parameters of urolithiasis rabbits induced by sodium oxalate .Animals were divided into two groups six in each, first group animals received only normal saline (0.9%) as control group , while second group animals were treated with sodium oxalate (70 mg / Kg b.w intraperitoneal ) daily for 15 days as treatment group . The results of urine analysis indicated that increased urine specific gravity , protein level and leukocytes , while decreased pH in treatment group as compared with control group , also observed that hemolysis in urine but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in urine level of glucose , Ketones , nitrite , urobilinogen and bilirubin in treatment group as compared with control group . The results of serum analysis indicated that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in serum level of calcium and phosphorus , while , increased serum level of sodium , potassium , uric acid and creatinine in treatment group as compared with control group . The study indicated that there was some changes in both urine and serum parameters in urolithasis .

The study was conduct to determine the effect of exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) during gestation on serum reproductive hormones levels (Estradiol" E2", Luteinizing Hormone "LH" and follicle- stimulating Hormone" FSH"), age and weight at vaginal opening onset as well as reproductive efficacy in F1 female offspring. Thirty six pregnant female rats (F0) were gavage three doses of BPA suspended in corn oil (50 μg, 50 mg, 250 mg/kg/BW) or corn oil only as control group from gestational day (GD) 6 till gestation day (GD) 21. After delivery, twelve female pups of each group were hold for three months; However, Female rats' offspring, after weaning, were weighed and checked for vaginal opening (VO) every day until completion, then at postnatal day (PND) 90, blood samples were collected from six F1 female of each group to perform hormonal tests and other six females were mated with untreated male rat in a separate cage for 14 days in order to evaluate fertility efficacy. The results showed significant increased (P

The sturnus vulgaris is migrate bird to Iraq in (Junwary-April) from all year - The anatomical study of cerebral sturnus vulgaris showed that the oval shape with smooth surface due to the absence of gyrus and sulcus, also it is consist of two cerebral hemispheres ,right and left which separated by medium fissure, another fissure situated between cerebral and cerebellum called transverse fissure. The weight of right cerebral hemispheres was 2.297±0.0116 g while in the left cerebral hemispheres 2.282±0.0078 g .The length of right part of cerebral hemispheres recorded 14.220±0.759 cm while the left cerebral hemispheres was 12.810±1.767 cm .The interior width of right cerebral hemispheres was 5.930±0.346 cm while in the left cerebral hemispheres 5.920±0.304 cm .the posterior width of right cerebral hemispheres recorded 8.930±0.221 cm while in the left cerebral hemispheres 8.13±0.163 cm. these measures lead to different between right part and left part from cerebral . The histological results revealed that the cerebral consit of cortex and medulla .The cortex constituted the gray matter which has six layers, molecular layer, external granular layer, pyramidal layer, internal granular layer, internal pyramidal layer and multiform layer .In the cortex showed have larg number of pyramid and satellite cells which is importance of vital or activity in migratory bird due to live in various environment . The medulla constituted white matter was located internal which has increase number of dens bundles fibers and galial nerve cells.

The present study showed that the ovary of adult turkey hens Meleagris Gallopavo is covered with simple cuboidal epithelium (germinal epithelium). Internally, two distinct regions can be distinguished. The cortex, a peripheral region contains a numerous follicles in different stages of development that are classified as primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary follicles. The primordial follicle appear distributed to the surface of sub capsular cortex surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells contains a small oocyte, showing a cytoplasm of filamentous aspect. The primary follicle appear distributed in the periphery and middle of the ovarian cortex contains and oocyte that shows an homogeneous cytoplasm with fine granules.

Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is defined as elevated concentrations of circulating ketone bodies in the absence of clinical signs. Measurement of blood β-hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA) concentration is considered as the gold standard method to detect SCK. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of SCK in cows in different physiologic status in Basra, Iraq. The cows were classified into 5 groups according to the physiologic group; G1: 2nd trimester pregnant cows (n =9), G2: 3rd trimester pregnant cows (n =8), G3 Fresh cows (1-30 days postpartum) (n=41), G4: Lactating cows (2 and 3 months postpartum) (n =21), and G5: 4 months – more postpartum cows (n =14) . Cholesterol, ALT activity and BHBA concentrations were determined. The cutoff point 1000 μmol L-1 -2600 μmol L-1 was used. The mean concentrations of the parameters of the cows of the five groups were; cholesterol: 3.7 ± 0.34, 3.21 ± 0.38, 2.59 ± 0.16, 3.15 ± 0.24 and 2.5 ± 0.28 mmol/L, ALT: 45.11 ± 6.16, 37.125 ± 3.98, 44.83 ± 3.36, 45.19 ± 4.57 and 41.29 ± 4.37 IU/L and BHBA: 2.014 ± 0.15, 2.086 ± 0.085, 1.94 ± 0.07, 1.89 ± 0.18 and 1.92 ± 0.075 mmol/L. The concentration of cholesterol was within the normal limits in the all groups but it showed descending trend from early pregnancy to parturition then elevated with advancement of lactation, while the activity of ALT showed highness in each group with different percent, whereas the concentration of BHBA was significantly high in the all groups. The present findings reveals that prevalence of subclinical ketosis in Basra is extremely high. To prevent the consequences of subclinical ketosis, feeding a good feed stuff with propylene glycol and implementing a good management with regular test for detecting SCK to reduce the economic losses caused by SCK.