In this study, we aimed to assess the protective capacity of the eggshell against radiation and the impact of ionizing radiation on the embryonic development process in quail eggs exposed to varying doses of radiation during incubation. A total of 740 quail eggs were divided into six groups, each exposed to different doses of ionizing radiation. Throughout the incubation period, we monitored hatching rates and examined hatched chicks for potential pathologies. Additionally, over six months, we conducted routine weekly examinations and observed the sexual activity of mature quails. At the study's conclusion, clinical pathology was not observed, and there were no mass mortalities. Quails whose laying activities were monitored exhibited normal sexual behavior. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in hatching rates among the main study groups (p<0.001). Specifically, Group VI, exposed to the highest levels of X-rays, exhibited significantly lower hatching rates compared to Groups I and V (p<0.001). These findings suggest that the quail eggshell provides some protection against ionizing radiation, as evidenced by the absence of anomalies and the high hatching rates observed in the chicks.

ABSTRACT Laboratory animals have frequently been used in scientific and preclinical pharmaceutical drug safety and efficacy research. Although the introduction of new in silico assays and computer modeling for drug discovery has shown promise in reducing laboratory animal trials, there is still a need to develop in vitro alternatives to in vivo animal models. The in vitro spheroid wound model is one of the best options for developing alternative techniques to animal research as it is the most widely used laboratory animal model. The aim of the study is to using 3D in vitro wound modeling as an alternative to in vivo wound healing assays. In the study, a three-dimensional cell culture (organoid culture) with cell/cell and cell/matrix junctions was generated using the most common Fibroblast and HaCaT cell lines hanging drop technique to replicate the healing stages in the injured skin area. After spheroid epidermal structures were formed, inhibitors and activators were added to the culture medium and their effects on the wound line and 3D cells produced were determined. It was noted that the number of spheroid structures increased significantly and cell-cell interactions became visible in the additional activator groups compared to the control groups. When the inhibitor-treated group was compared with the control groups, it was observed that the formed structures completely disappeared or decreased in amount and cell-cell interactions could not be established. In conclusion, this study offers an alternative to using laboratory animals to evaluate potential medicines and/or extracts in wound healing experiments.

The concept of hygiene has become more important today due to pandemic infections. Many products on the market have been licensed, but whose antibacterial effectiveness has not been checked later. For this reason, the study aimed to determine the antibacterial activities of surface disinfectants available in the market for public and personal use, based on the international standard. Eight different surface disinfectants, licensed from the authority and for public and personal use, were collected and processed without any dilution (100%). In the study, standard strains Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 10536), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeroginosa) (ATCC 15442) were used. Exposure conditions; it was done for 5 minutes and under clean conditions (0.3 g/L bovine albumin solution) at room temperature (22-24℃). It was determined that the eight surface disinfectants included in the study showed different levels of antibacterial activity. When the logarithm differences and antibacterial activities of surface disinfectants are examined as percentages; while the logarithm difference of three disinfectants against the three bacteria examined was ≥ 5; the logarithm difference of five disinfectants against two bacteria is ≥ 5; the percentage of those effective against all three bacteria was 37.5%; the percentage of those effective against both bacteria was found to be 62.5%. Due to the improprieties detected in the antibacterial activities of the surface disinfectants examined, when their antibacterial activities are examined, although they are licensed, it is seen that the products do not provide the specified antibacterial activity. The selection of disinfectants used to neutralize bacteria that cause infections, the determination of their antibacterial activities, and the sustainability of the determined antibacterial activity are of great importance. For this reason, it is necessary to check the antibacterial activities of disinfectants even after the registration stage and to select disinfectants according to their effectiveness to prevent infections.

Ruminal acidosis is a metabolic disorder that affects ruminants, including cattle, sheep, and goats, due to a pH imbalance in the rumen. The rumen has a diverse population of microorganisms involved in carbohydrate metabolism, with anaerobic microorganisms in the rumen and cecum playing a crucial role. During healthy rumen metabolism, microbial fermentation produces volatile fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. Excessive intake of feeds with high soluble carbohydrate content can cause ruminal acidosis by altering the ratio of volatile fatty acids produced through microbial fermentation, which in turn changes the rumen pH. Acidosis is defined as a decrease in the alkalinity of body fluids relative to their acid content. The pH of body fluids may or may not decrease during acidosis, depending on the degree of bicarbonate compensation. Impaired central nervous system function can occur even if blood pH remains stable due to low bicarbonate concentrations, which are buffered by bicarbonate. While a blood pH below 7.35 is required for a clinical diagnosis of acidosis, other clinical signs such as ruminal pH, anorexia, variable feed intake, diarrhea, and lethargy are commonly used to diagnose acidosis in beef cattle.

Aegle marmelos, commonly known as Bael or Bengal quince, is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Rutaceae. The leaves of Aegle marmelos are rich in bioactive compounds and are traditionally used in various herbal remedies. Medicinal properties of Aegle marmelos leaves include antidiarrheal, antipyretic, ulcer healing, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities. Rutin is a flavonoid, specifically a glycoside of quercetin extracted from leaves of bael. In the present study, the ethanolic extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos, collected from Ethno Veterinary Herbal Garden of Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu was subjected to High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) to quantify rutin, a flavonoid from this plant. The study revealed that Aegle marmelos sample was found to contain rutin @ 272.2 ,ug per 100 mg of sample.

Curcuma longa rhizome is the source of turmeric. Curcumin exhibits some encouraging antiparasitic properties in helminths. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of curcumin in Toxocara canis eggs in vitro. Curcumin dilutions (36.8 mg/ml, 18.4 mg/ml and 3.6 mg/ml) were prepared by adding RPMI-1640. The eggs and hatched infective-stage larvae were incubated with curcumin dilutions for 6, 12 or 24 hours. The ovicidal activity was evaluated after 28 days. Larvicidal activity was assessed after completing each incubation time. In the present study, no changes in the eggshell structure were observed in all curcumin groups. The lowest embryogenesis rate (75%) was observed only at the highest curcumin dilution (36.8 mg/ml) at the 12- and 24-hour incubations, but the difference was not found statistically significant. No significant larvicidal effect of curcumin was detected. The percentage of moving larvae was 80% at 12 hours and 76% at 24 hours in the highest curcumin dilution (36.8 mg/ml). T. canis larvae survived in RPMI-1640 for four days after being incubated with 36.8 mg/ml curcumin for 24 hours. However, the untreated larvae were still active at this time. Further studies focusing on the migration of T. canis infective larvae in animal models may shed light on the effect of curcumin, which is rapidly metabolized in the body and absorbed at low levels from the intestine, on the migrating larva.

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal systemic viral disease that affects all cat breeds and has two distinc forms: effusive and non-effusive. In the effusive form, there is a common type of vasculitis that causes extravasation of fibrin-rich fluid, resulting in the accumulation of yellow exudative fluid in the body cavities. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the organ distribution and severity of the pathological alterations associated with granuloma and vasculitis. It also seeks to describe FIPV antigen localization in FIP lesions. For this purpose, necropsies were performed on eight cats suspected of having died from FIP at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University. Tissue samples were routinely processed for immunohistochemical analysis. FIPV antigen was detected using immunoperoxidase staining, and the immunopositivity of vasculitic and granulomatous lesions in various organs was evaluated semi-quantitatively for each tissue sample. In effusive FIP cases, peritoneal fluid accumulation was significantly more common, and the lesions were characterized by granulomas progressing through the serosa of the intestine, kidney and liver. Vasculitis lesions, usually affecting small and medium-sized vessels, were characterized by endothelial hypertrophy and swelling, edema and hyalinization of the muscular layer, and adventitial neutrophil leukocyte and macrophage infiltration. Granulomas were characterized by microscopic findings with dense infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes around a few thrombotic and/or degenerative vessels in the center. In the examined cases, FIPV antigen immunopositivity varied according to the organ involvement in each case, but was frequently concentrated around the periphery rather than in the center of vasculitis and granulomatous lesions.

This review addresses the genetic basis of cardiovascular disease in dogs, with a particular focus on mitral valve insufficiency (MVI), which is common in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed. MVI is a common degenerative heart disease, especially in small breed dogs, which progresses with age. Genetic predisposition plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart disease, and is also important for both early diagnosis and long-term treatment strategies. In the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed, polygenic inheritance and loci identification have been reported to be associated with early onset of the disease. In this study, the stages and clinical, echocardiographic and radiologic findings of MVI were detailed in line with the classification systems proposed by ISACH and ACVIM, and also modern diagnostic methods and clinical use of biomarkers were discussed. In addition, the contribution of proteomic research to the understanding of cardiac pathophysiology was emphasized and its relationship with platelet function and coagulation processes in heart failure was evaluated. In conclusion, it is suggested that further studies at the genetic and molecular level will provide innovative approaches in the fields of diagnosis, treatment and preventive medicine in veterinary cardiology practice.

The aim of this study was to report the contribution of different antiseptics to clinical improvement during intravesical lavage in cats with urethral obstruction problems. Urethral obstruction (UO) is a problem mostly encountered in male cats, requiring urgent intervention with a high success rate in the inferior urinary system. A total of 42 cats of different breeds and ages were evaluated, and the first medical treatment was applied, but no urine output was detected. All cases were randomly divided into 3 different groups and one-time intravesical lavage was performed with different fluids: GI (0.9% saline), GII (Dimethyl sulphoxide) and GIII (lugol’s solution). The controls performed on the 7th, 14th, and 30th days of the study showed similar results in all cases, and no statistically significant difference was determined. As a result, it was concluded that lugol’s solution can be used as a new alternative to DMSO antiseptic, which is the only agent approved for treatment by the US Food and Drug Administration, when performing intravesical lavage in cats with urethral obstruction.

Biocompatibility, which shows the compatibility between the host and the biomaterial, is very important for the reliability of a biomaterial. It is a must for a newly produced biomaterial to meet the biocompatibility criteria, which are bound to certain rules by international organizations. One of the criteria of biocompatibility is genotoxicity. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of a commercial polyaxial pedicle screw in vitro. For this purpose, in vitro micronucleus test and bacterial reverse mutation test were performed. Extraction method was used for both tests. When the obtained results were compared statistically, it was concluded that the tested biomaterial was not genotoxic.