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Control of residues of thyreostats in slaughter animals in Poland in 2011–2017 全文
2018
Woźniak Barbara | Matraszek-Żuchowska Iwona | Sielska Katarzyna | Witek Sebastian | Posyniak Andrzej | Niemczuk Krzysztof | Żmudzki Jan
Control of residues of thyreostats in slaughter animals in Poland in 2011–2017 全文
2018
Woźniak Barbara | Matraszek-Żuchowska Iwona | Sielska Katarzyna | Witek Sebastian | Posyniak Andrzej | Niemczuk Krzysztof | Żmudzki Jan
Introduction: In the European Union, the use of thyreostatic drugs for fattening slaughter animals has been banned since 1981 under Council Directive 81/602/EEC. For protection of consumer health against unwanted residues and in compliance with Directive 96/23, each EU country must monitor thyreostats in samples of animal origin. This paper presents the results of research on thyreostatic residues carried out in Poland in 2011–2017.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Control of residues of thyreostats in slaughter animals in Poland in 2011–2017 全文
2018
Woźniak-Sobczak, Barbara | Matraszek-Żuchowska, Iwona | Sielska, Katarzyna | Witek, Sebastian | Posyniak, Andrzej | Niemczuk, Krzysztof | Żmudzki, Jan
Introduction: In the European Union, the use of thyreostatic drugs for fattening slaughter animals has been banned since 1981 under Council Directive 81/602/EEC. For protection of consumer health against unwanted residues and in compliance with Directive 96/23, each EU country must monitor thyreostats in samples of animal origin. This paper presents the results of research on thyreostatic residues carried out in Poland in 2011–2017. Material and Methods: The material for testing was urine (n = 3,491), drinking water (n = 127), and muscle samples (n = 349) officially collected by Veterinary Sanitary Inspectors in slaughterhouses and farms throughout the country in accordance with the national residue control plan. The samples were examined for the presence of tapazole, thiouracil, methylthiouracil, propylthiouracil, and phenylthiouracil using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry through an accredited method. Results: In four bovine and three porcine urine samples, the permissible thiouracil concentration was exceeded. In one sample of porcine urine, methyl- and propylthiouracil were found. The presence of thiouracil and its derivatives in urine samples is most likely due to feeding animals diet containing cruciferous plants. Conclusions: The results of research indicate that thyreostats are not used for anabolic purposes in slaughter animals in Poland.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Phenotypic and genotypic examination of antimicrobial resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from poultry in Turkey 全文
2018
Adiguzel Mehmet Cemal | Sigirci Belgi Diren | Celik Baran | Kahraman Beren Basaran | Metiner Kemal | Ikiz Serkan | Bagcigil A. Funda | Ak Seyyal | Ozgur N. Yakut
Introduction: The study aimed to isolate thermophilic Campylobacter from chickens raised three rearing methods, determine its antimicrobial susceptibilities, and examine resistance-related genes by PCR.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of inosine pranobex 全文
2018
Tobólska Sylwia | Terpiłowska Sylwia | Jaroszewski Jerzy | Siwicki Andrzej Krzysztof
Inosine pranobex (Methisoprinol, ISO, Isoprinosine) is an immuno-modulatory antiviral drug that has been licensed since 1971 in several countries worldwide. In humans, the drug is approved for the treatment of viral infections, and it might also have therapeutic use in animals. The aims of the presented work were to investigate the genotoxicity of inosine pranobex on BALB/3T3 clone A1 and HepG2 cell lines and to elucidate its mutagenicity using the Ames test.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Use of a new LC-MS method for the determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in feeds 全文
2018
Kowalczyk Ewelina | Kwiatek Krzysztof
Use of a new LC-MS method for the determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in feeds 全文
2018
Kowalczyk Ewelina | Kwiatek Krzysztof
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary metabolites produced by many plant species. Due to their toxicity PAs can pose a risk to human and animal health. To detect the toxic compounds in feed materials a sensitive method based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been developed.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Use of a new LC-MS method for the determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in feeds 全文
2018
Kowalczyk, Ewelina | Kwiatek, Krzysztof
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary metabolites produced by many plant species. Due to their toxicity PAs can pose a risk to human and animal health. To detect the toxic compounds in feed materials a sensitive method based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been developed. PAs were extracted with sulphuric acid and purified with cation exchange cartridges. A newly developed solvent mixture consisting of ethyl acetate, methanol, acetonitrile, ammonia, and triethylamine was used to wash alkaloids from the cartridges. After evaporation the residues were reconstituted in water and methanol mixture and subjected to LC-MS analysis. The developed method was validated according to SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines. The recovery was from 84.1% to 112.9%, the repeatability ranged from 3.0% to 13.6%, and the reproducibility was from 4.8% to 18.9%. A sensitive and selective method for determination of PAs in feed materials has been developed and validated. All evaluated validation parameters were in accordance with EU Reference Laboratories document no. SANTE/11945/2015. Almost 41% of the analysed feed samples were positive for the presence of at least one PA.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Detection of Dinophysis species and associated okadaic acid in farmed shellfish: a two-year study from the western Mediterranean area 全文
2018
Bazzoni Anna Maria | Mudadu Alessandro G. | Lorenzoni Giuseppa | Soro Barbara | Bardino Nadia | Arras Igor | Sanna Giovanna | Vodret Bruna | Bazzardi Riccardo | Marongiu Edoardo | Virgilio Sebastiano
Diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), an alimentary intoxication known to lead to intestinal symptoms, and caused by toxins produced by some dinoflagellates (including several Dinophysis), represents a serious threat to public health. The aim of this paper was to provide information about the occurrence and abundance of potentially toxic harmful algal species causing DSP, and the associated concentration of okadaic acid (OA) toxins. The departing assumption was that in the study area there was an increase in the presence both of Dinophysis species and OA and its derivates that could result in a risk to the health of seafood consumers.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Ready-to-eat meat products as a source of Listeria monocytogenes 全文
2018
Kurpas Monika | Wieczorek Kinga | Osek Jacek
Ready-to-eat meat products as a source of Listeria monocytogenes 全文
2018
Kurpas Monika | Wieczorek Kinga | Osek Jacek
In 2015 in the European Union member states listeriosis caused 270 deaths. Food is the route of transmission in 99% of all human infection cases. Several studies from different countries have shown that the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in food can be as high as 58.3%. One of the most important ways to protect food from these microorganisms is to prevent the spread of the bacteria at processing plants at different stages of food production chain. The ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in extreme conditions and to form biofilms on various surfaces is a significant challenge for food safety. Removal of these bacteria from niches in processing plants is difficult and requires the use of sanitisers and precise equipment cleaning. The presence of L. monocytogenes in processing environment at slaughterhouses, deli meat factories or in retail may be a reason of cross-contamination. Proper hygienic systems applied by workers in food preparing places and knowledge about different routes of spreading of these bacteria may effectively decrease the risk of food contamination. Standardised legal regulations and control of meat product manufacture should be a fundamental way to protect food from L. monocytogenes contamination.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Ready-to-eat meat products as a source of Listeria monocytogenes 全文
2018
Kurpas, Monika | Wieczorek, Kinga | Osek, Jacek
In 2015 in the European Union member states listeriosis caused 270 deaths. Food is the route of transmission in 99% of all human infection cases. Several studies from different countries have shown that the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in food can be as high as 58.3%. One of the most important ways to protect food from these microorganisms is to prevent the spread of the bacteria at processing plants at different stages of food production chain. The ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in extreme conditions and to form biofilms on various surfaces is a significant challenge for food safety. Removal of these bacteria from niches in processing plants is difficult and requires the use of sanitisers and precise equipment cleaning. The presence of L. monocytogenes in processing environment at slaughterhouses, deli meat factories or in retail may be a reason of cross-contamination. Proper hygienic systems applied by workers in food preparing places and knowledge about different routes of spreading of these bacteria may effectively decrease the risk of food contamination. Standardised legal regulations and control of meat product manufacture should be a fundamental way to protect food from L. monocytogenes contamination.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Study on Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Echinococcus granulosus infection in veterinarians from Poland 全文
2018
Wójcik-Fatla Angelina | Sroka Jacek | Zając Violetta | Zwoliński Jacek | Sawczyn-Domańska Anna | Kloc Anna | Bilska-Zając Ewa | Chmura Robert | Dutkiewicz Jacek
Study on Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Echinococcus granulosus infection in veterinarians from Poland 全文
2018
Wójcik-Fatla Angelina | Sroka Jacek | Zając Violetta | Zwoliński Jacek | Sawczyn-Domańska Anna | Kloc Anna | Bilska-Zając Ewa | Chmura Robert | Dutkiewicz Jacek
Introduction: Exposure to zoonotic factors in veterinary practice is closely related to the nature of the work. The main aim of the study was to determine the risk of selected zoonotic infections among the occupational group of veterinarians in Poland.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Study on Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Echinococcus granulosus infection in veterinarians from Poland 全文
2018
Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina | Sroka, Jacek | Zając, Violetta | Zwoliński, Jacek | Sawczyn-Domańska, Anna | Kloc, Anna | Bilska-Zając, Ewa | Chmura, Robert | Dutkiewicz, Jacek
Introduction: Exposure to zoonotic factors in veterinary practice is closely related to the nature of the work. The main aim of the study was to determine the risk of selected zoonotic infections among the occupational group of veterinarians in Poland. Material and Methods: Blood samples of 373 veterinarians (162 males and 211 females) from 12 provinces of Poland were collected by the venipuncture of a forearm for serological tests. Commercial immunoenzymatic tests (ELISA) were used for detection of specific IgG antibodies to Echinococcus granulosus, IgM and IgG to Leptospira spp., and IgM, IgA, and I and II phase IgG to Coxiella burnetii. Enzyme-linked fluorescence assays (ELFA) were used to detect IgM and IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Results: Positive results were found in 209 (56.0%) veterinarians for at least one of the examined diseases. The overall proportion of participants found to have specific Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the IgM and/or IgG assays amounted to 44.5%. The presence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies was found in 16 (4.3%) subjects, while Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 63 (16.9%) veterinarians. Among the 373 veterinarians examined, no Echinococcus granulosus antibodies were found. Conclusion: Results of the study seem to indicate a slightly elevated risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection and a moderate risk of infection with Leptospira spp. and Coxiella burnetii in veterinarians.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Early cytokine response after vaccination with Coxiella burnetii phase I in an infected herd of dairy cattle 全文
2018
Małaczewska Joanna | Kaczorek-Łukowska Edyta | Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Rękawek Wojciech | Wójcik Roman | Niemczuk Krzysztof | Siwicki Andrzej Krzysztof
Early cytokine response after vaccination with Coxiella burnetii phase I in an infected herd of dairy cattle 全文
2018
Małaczewska Joanna | Kaczorek-Łukowska Edyta | Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Rękawek Wojciech | Wójcik Roman | Niemczuk Krzysztof | Siwicki Andrzej Krzysztof
Introduction:Coxiella (C.) burnetii, the aetiological agent of Q fever, is able to modulate the macrophage/T-lymphocyte axis in an infected organism and impair synthesis of monokines and lymphokines.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Early cytokine response after vaccination with Coxiella burnetii phase I in an infected herd of dairy cattle 全文
2018
Małaczewska, Joanna | Kaczorek-Łukowska, Edyta | Szymańska-Czerwińska, Monika | Rękawek, Wojciech | Wójcik, Roman | Niemczuk, Krzysztof | Siwicki, Andrzej Krzysztof
Introduction: Coxiella (C.) burnetii, the aetiological agent of Q fever, is able to modulate the macrophage/T-lymphocyte axis in an infected organism and impair synthesis of monokines and lymphokines. Material and Methods: The purpose of this research was to determine the levels of the cytokines that play a key role in the response to C. burnetii antigens (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α) in the serum of animals originating from an infected herd prior to vaccination (day 0) and at 1, 7, and 21 days afterwards. Results: The vaccination of animals did not affect the production of IL-6, IL-1β, or IL-2. The serum levels of these cytokines were too low to measure in most of the samples. The initial levels of TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-10 were higher in seropositive than in seronegative animals, although significant differences between seropositive shedders and seropositive nonshedders appeared only in the levels of IFNγ and IL-10. Additionally, the course of the post-vaccination response concerning these two cytokines was different among seronegative nonshedders, seropositive nonshedders, and seropositive shedders. Conclusion: It seems that analysis of the IFNγ and IL-10 concentrations in animal blood serum may have some practical value in an assessment of the health status of seropositive animals and post-vaccination response.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Evaluation of real-time PCR based on SYBR Green I fluorescent dye for detection of Bacillus anthracis strains in biological samples 全文
2018
Kędrak-Jabłońska, Agnieszka | Budniak, Sylwia | Szczawińska, Anna | Reksa, Monika | Krupa, Marek | Szulowski, Krzysztof
Evaluation of real-time PCR based on SYBR Green I fluorescent dye for detection of Bacillus anthracis strains in biological samples 全文
2018
Kędrak-Jabłońska, Agnieszka | Budniak, Sylwia | Szczawińska, Anna | Reksa, Monika | Krupa, Marek | Szulowski, Krzysztof
Introduction: The aim of the study was the application and evaluation of real-time PCRs based on the fluorescence of SYBR Green I intercalating dye for the detection of three Bacillus anthracis genes in contaminated liver and blood samples. The goals for detection were rpoB gene as a chromosomal marker, pag gene located on plasmid pXO1, and capC gene located on plasmid pXO2. Material and Methods: Five B. anthracis strains were used for the experiments. Additionally, single strains of other species of the genus Bacillus, i.e. B. cereus, B. brevis, B. subtilis, and B. megaterium, and strains of six other species were used for evaluation of the specificity of the tests. Three SYBR Green I real-time PCRs were conducted allowing confirmation of B. anthracis in the biological samples. Results: The observation of amplification curves in real-time PCRs enabled the detection of the chromosomally encoded rpoB gene, pag gene, and capC gene of B. anthracis. The specificity of the tests was confirmed by estimation of the melting temperature of the PCR products. The sensitivity and linearity of the reactions were determined using regression coefficients. Strains of other microbial species did not reveal real-time PCR products. Conclusion: All real-time PCRs for the detection of B. anthracis in biological samples demonstrated a significant sensitivity and high specificity.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Evaluation of real-time PCR based on SYBR Green I fluorescent dye for detection of Bacillus anthracis strains in biological samples 全文
2018
Kędrak-Jabłońska Agnieszka | Budniak Sylwia | Szczawińska Anna | Reksa Monika | Krupa Marek | Szulowski Krzysztof
Introduction: The aim of the study was the application and evaluation of real-time PCRs based on the fluorescence of SYBR Green I intercalating dye for the detection of three Bacillus anthracis genes in contaminated liver and blood samples. The goals for detection were rpoB gene as a chromosomal marker, pag gene located on plasmid pXO1, and capC gene located on plasmid pXO2.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Inactivated H5 antigens of H5N8 protect chickens from lethal infections by the highly pathogenic H5N8 and H5N6 avian influenza viruses 全文
2018
Jin, Myongha | Jang, Yunyueng | Seo, Taehyun | Seo, Sang Heui
Inactivated H5 antigens of H5N8 protect chickens from lethal infections by the highly pathogenic H5N8 and H5N6 avian influenza viruses 全文
2018
Jin, Myongha | Jang, Yunyueng | Seo, Taehyun | Seo, Sang Heui
Introduction: Highly pathogenic Asian H5-subtype avian influenza viruses have been found in poultry and wild birds worldwide since they were first detected in southern China in 1996. Extensive control efforts have not eradicated them. Vaccination prevents such viruses infecting poultry and reduces the number lost to compulsory slaughter. The study showed the efficacy of inactivated H5 vaccine from the H5N8 virus against highly pathogenic H5N8 and H5N6 avian influenza viruses in chickens. Material and Methods: Reverse genetics constructed an H5 vaccine virus using the HA gene of the 2014 H5N8 avian influenza virus and the rest of the genes from A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). The vaccine viruses were grown in fertilised eggs, partially purified through a sucrose gradient, and inactivated with formalin. Chickens were immunised i.m. with 1 µg of oil-adjuvanted inactivated H5 antigens. Results: Single dose H5 vaccine recipients were completely protected from lethal infections by homologous H5N8 avian influenza virus and shed no virus from the respiratory or intestinal tracts but were not protected from lethal infections by heterologous H5N6. When chickens were immunised with two doses and challenged with homologous H5N8 or heterologous H5N6, all survived and shed no virus. Conclusion: Our results indicate that two-dose immunisations of chickens with H5 antigens with oil adjuvant are needed to provide broad protection against different highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Inactivated H5 antigens of H5N8 protect chickens from lethal infections by the highly pathogenic H5N8 and H5N6 avian influenza viruses 全文
2018
Jin Myongha | Jang Yunyueng | Seo Taehyun | Seo Sang Heui
Introduction: Highly pathogenic Asian H5-subtype avian influenza viruses have been found in poultry and wild birds worldwide since they were first detected in southern China in 1996. Extensive control efforts have not eradicated them. Vaccination prevents such viruses infecting poultry and reduces the number lost to compulsory slaughter. The study showed the efficacy of inactivated H5 vaccine from the H5N8 virus against highly pathogenic H5N8 and H5N6 avian influenza viruses in chickens.
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