Chicken meat products contribute significantly as a fairly priced substitute for red meat, which is critically undersupplied in Egypt. This type of meat is high in animal protein, vital amino acids, and trace elements. Furthermore, as a result of rapid improvements in food processing and technology, a variety of chicken meat products, including as chicken burgers, chicken fillets, chicken sandwiches, chicken nuggets, and chicken panne, were manufactured and released into the chicken meat markets. Such key products are defined by their distinct flavor and aroma, which captivates buyers, particularly children. Microorganisms can contaminate chicken meat products at any stage of production, including raw material preparation, manufacture, distribution, and storage. As a result, chicken products are regarded to be a possible source of bacteria that cause food poisoning, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella spp. Essential oils derived from the coriander plant (Coriandrum sativum L.), either from the seeds or the leaves, are among the most extensively utilized. Coriander and coriander essential oils are antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anxiolytic, anti-epileptic, depressive, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antidyslipidemic, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, and diuretic. In this review, we threw the light on the microbial contamination of chicken meat and meat products in Egypt and worldwide. Besides, the antibacterial activities of coriander will be reviewed.

Bucks reproductive performance can be improved by artificial insemination technique, that affected by many factors the most important one is semen quality, which is affected by the methods of semen preservation cooling and freezing. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of adding different concentrations of antioxidant as Nano-selenium to the diluted buck semen during preservation by cooling in both summer and winter seasons. Eight mature healthy Zaraibi bucks were used in the study. Semen samples were collected by an electro- ejaculator twice per week during summer 2021 (August, September) and winter (January, February). Samples were pooled and diluted by extender then divided to experimental groups: Group 1: Nano-selenium: 100 μL / 100 ml and Group 2: 200 μL / 100 ml.  Then the groups cooled for measuring some semen parameters and seminal antioxidant activities after 1 h from adding and at 8 hours then every 8 hrs up to 64 hr. Nano selenium 200 μL / 100 ml has a favorable impact on diluted buck semen during cooling preservation during summer and winter.

Ractopamine hydrochloride is a β-adrenergic agonist that increases growth, feed efficiency, and fat deposition. Because of its ability to increase muscling, average daily gain, efficiency, and carcass weight, ractopamine hydrochloride has been used as a feed additive growth enhancer. Ractopamine is also a member of the phenylethanolamine class of chemicals, which is used as a feed supplement in meat-producing animals. This review threw the light on the use of ractopamine to improve weight gain and as a feed addition. Furthermore, the potential negative health effects of ractopamine were explored.

The extraordinary increase in demand for animal protein such as meat, eggs, milk, and other animal products, as well as the large quantities of protein feed inputs required for animal production, have principally spurred research into spirulina as an animal feed. Spirulina (Athrospira sp.) is a highly nutritious edible microalga and a prospective feed supply for many agriculturally significant animal species. Animal growth, fertility, beauty, and nutritional product quality have all been linked to spirulina. Spirulina consumption has been related to improved animal health and well-being in studies. Because of its nutritious and protein-rich composition, its impact on animal development was significant, and commercial production was raised to suit consumer demand. As a result, Spirulina is emerging as a cost-effective resource for increasing animal output in order to achieve long-term sustainability and a viable food security future.

Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), is one of the prime fundamental health issues facing the cattle industry, and has resulted in significant economic losses. This study aimed at detection of the enteric pathogens in diarrheic calves. Another objective was to correrlate the existence of isolated enteric pathogens to the age and seasonal distribution of diarrheic parasitic and bacterial infections among calves. The bacterial isolates were identified biochemically and serologically. Moreover the samples were examined macro and microscopically to investigate the internal parasitic causes of diarrhea. Also, for Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts were diagnosed using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Out of 364 collected fecal samples, a total bacteria isolated was 356 and identified as 131 Escherichia coli (35.99%), 90 Salmonella enterica (24.72%); 50 S. typhimurium (13.73%) and 40 S. dublin (10.99%), 35 Citrobacter diversus (9.61%), 24 Klebsiella pneumonia (6.59%), 20 P. vulgaris (5.49%), 19 P. penneri (5.22%) and 37 Staphylococcous aureus (10.16%). Regarding the parasitological findings; Toxocara vitulorum was 19.8% (72 out of 364), Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were found in 26.9% (98/364), Cryptosporidium spp. was 29.4% (107 out of 364) and Giardia spp. infection was 14% (51 out of 364). In conclusion, NCD problem is a multifactorial in which bacterial and parasitological causes were the prime causes. Thus, regular monitoring and efficient treatment of bacteriological and parasitological causes of NCD are highly recommended.

High-quality animal protein, vitamins B1, B6, and B12, as well as minerals like zinc, selenium, and iron, can all be found in buffalo meat and milk. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been widely utilized for many years because of their long duration of action, low cost, and toxicity against a variety of pests. Despite being outlawed everywhere, OCPs are still being used illegally. One of the main responsibilities of the food safety and public health sectors is to guarantee the safety and wholesomeness of such food products before they are made available to the public. In order to determine the residual OCP contents in retailed buffalo meat, liver, kidney, milk, and kariesh cheese, this study was conducted. The obtained results in the current investigation revealed the detection of OCPs at 75%, 40%, 25%, 60%, and 80% in the examined buffalo raw milk, kariesh cheese, meat, kidneys, and liver. Different OCPs were detected at variable concentrations; however, such concentrations were within the established permissible limits in Egypt. In conclusion, OCPs are still in use in Egyptian agricultural activities and residual concentrations can be detected in the meat, offal, and dairies. Therefore, it is highly advised to continuously check for OCP residues in foods with both animal and plant origins. Additionally, it is strongly advised that farmers become more aware of the negative consequences of OCPs.

The current study sought to determine whether well-fed nulliparous she-camels (NP, n= 8) aged 2:3 years could have the same pattern of fertility status similar to multiparous she-camels (MP, n= 13; aged 8 to 13 years). Ovarian follicular dynamics and associated hormones, ovarian measures and endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates were recorded during the period of 90 days (December–March). Every two days, the ovaries and uterus were scanned by ultrasound, and blood samples were taken. Results showed that the right ovaries were more active than the left ovaries. Ovarian length and width and endometrial thickness increased with follicles growth, and NP had longer ovaries (P<0.05) than MP she-camels and the opposite was found in the ovarian width, whereas endometrial thickness was less in NP than MP. MP had a higher mean number of emerged follicles (17.21±0.41 follicles) than NP (10.42±0.41 follicles). The mature phase duration was longer (P<0.05) in MP (11.89 days) than in NP (9.94 days). The duration of regression for DF and oversized follicles were 19.38 and 15.13 days in NP compared to 23.31 and 17.27 days in MP. Progesterone concentrations remained at the basal level throughout the follicular waves, while E2 and FSH concentrations were associated with the follicular growth, and the peak levels were recorded in the mature phase (56.88 and 7.766 vs. 62.58 and 9.017 pg/mL and mIU/mL in NP and MP, respectively). In conclusion, well-fed NP demonstrated fertility status comparable to multiparous she-camel.

A serious infection in avian species can be caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). Because of the harmful consequences that antibiotics have on public health, reducing their usage in the animal industry is a major global concern. As an alternative to antibiotics, nanoparticles (NPs) have been used more and more recently to target bacteria. Zinc oxide (ZnO), one of these NPs, exhibited antibacterial activity even at low concentrations. Consequently, at 14 days, 75-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were separated into 5 equal groups (15 birds each divided into triplicate, 5 bird per replicate). The groups were calssified as G1, G2, G3, G4 & G5. G1 was infected with C. perfringens type A; G2 was infected & given zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs); G3 was infected with C. perfringens & given doxycycline as an antibiotic; G4 received ZONPs continuously for 35 days; & G5 was the negative control. For two successive days, 4×108 colony forming units (CFU) of C. perfringens type A/mL/bird were given orally to birds in infected groups. ZONPs in the treatment groups received a total dose of 150 µg/bird. Bird performance is measured for 35 days, & data is gathered on body weight (BW), feed conversion (FC), feed conversion rate (FCR), clinical signs score, & mortalities. Moreover, immune organ indices & the microbial loads in the caecum & intestine were assessed. Remarkably, BW improvements (P < 0.05) were noted in ZONPs treated group & ZONPs / C. perfringens infected group, in contrast to those in G1. Compared to G1, treatment with ZONPs lowered the colonization of C. perfringens in the caeca & intestine, lessened the severity of clinical symptoms, & decreased mortality. Thymus, bursa, & spleen relative weights varied considerably (P < 0.05) between treatment groups. When ZONPs were administered alone or in conjunction with infection, the spleen’s relative weight was considerably (P < 0.05) larger in treated birds than in control & antibiotic-treated birds. In conclusion, ZONPs positively affect the BW & FCR, improve the relative weight of immune organs, & can decrease the C. perfringens count in the intestine, positively impacting performance, general health, & gut health integrity. However, ZONPs also reduce the population of gut microbes. On the other hand, birds that received antibiotic treatment showed adverse effects on a few metrics. Therefore, more investigation into the use of ZONPs in broiler diets and their safety for the health of humans and avian species is still advised.

Acetaminophen is an analgesic antipyretic commonly used. Hepatotoxicity is one of the most common obstacles to acetaminophen therapy. Eucalyptus oil is an antioxidant with potent free radical-capturing activities. This research was designed to evaluate the inhibitory impact of Eucalyptus oil versus acetaminophen-triggered hepatotoxicity. The composition of Eucalyptus was detected utilizing gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Forty-eight rats were assigned into six groups; control group, acetaminophen group (500mg/kg I.P twice on the 17th and, 20th of the experiment), silymarin group (50mg/kg, I.P once daily for three weeks), Eucalyptus oil group (30mg/kg orally once daily for three weeks), acetaminophen +silymarin group and Eucalyptus +acetaminophen group. gas chromatography mass spectroscopy discovered four compounds in Eucalyptus with eucalyptol representing the main compound. revealed that acetaminophen remarkably elevated serum alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, whereas it declined serum albumin and total protein levels. In addition, hepatic oxidant/antioxidant imbalance was evident in acetaminophen-intoxicated rats by the rising of lipid peroxidation biomarker; malondialdehyde and the downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its transcriptional mediators; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione. Furthermore, following acetaminophen injection, there was a remarkable increase in transforming growth factor-β gene expression, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin1-β levels along with a decline in interleukin-10 levels. Immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations were in parallel with the abovementioned results. However, all these abnormalities were significantly abrogated in rats pretreated with Eucalyptus. We conclude that prior administration of Eucalyptus oil counteracted acetaminophen-mediated hepatotoxicity via powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic impacts.

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health threat and broad-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobactericeae (ESBL) are major contributors. This research focuses on the presence of Eschericia coli as a producer of ESBL in the fresh feces of deer. This study aims to gain deeper insight into ESBL sourced from deer. 129 fresh stool samples were collected. A total of 89 samples came from the East Java region and 40 samples came from the East Nusa Tenggara region. Identification were carried out which was then followed by PCR. We found 9 positive samples of ESBL-producing E. coli containing the blaTEM gene as the ESBL encoding gene. 33 samples (25.28%) were positive for E. coli. 8 isolates (24.24%) were multidrug-resistant, East Java (6 isolates) and East Nusa Tenggara (2 isolates). All isolates of multidrug-resistant E. coli 7 isolates were ESBL positive (87.5%) and also contained the blaTEM gene. The presence of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates have been confirmed in deer. Deer should be considered as a source of MDR and ESBL transmission for public health. The conclusion of this study is to reveal the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli originating from deer. The importance of this cross-sector collaboration to monitor antimicrobial resistance.