The current study was conducted to investigate the incidence of metritis and endometritis in dairy cows. Moreover, to determine the collective impact of metritis and endometritis in dairy farms on reproductive performance and milk yield. A total number of 246 Holstein cows divided into three groups was included in the current study.One of these groups as control group and the second and the third groups were including those cows diagnosed with acute postpartum metritis and chronic endometritis, respectively. The obtained results showed that endometritis possessed severe negative effects on postpartum reproductive performance of the studied cows compared to normal cows. Moreover, the impact of this disease was higher in premiparous cows in comparison with com their pleuriparous herd-mates. Days to first estrus tended (P=0.06) to be increased in premiparous cows suffering from endometritis (89.19±12.12 days) compared to normal cows (59.45±3.30 days) or those suffering from acute metritis (65.37±4.92 days). While in pleuriparous cows, the negative effects of endometritis did not show any tendency for prolonged days to first estrus, when compared to normal cows. Endometritis had significantly (P<0.01) negative impacts on postpartum cyclicity in premiparous cows (89.19±12.12 days), compared to 56.32±3.15 days in pleuriparous cows. Endometritis, significantly negatively (P<0.05) impacted days to first AI in both premiparous cows (105.63±12.95 days, compared to 65.97±2.63 days for normal cows and pleuriparous cows (76.19±3.64 days). A nearly similar trend was observed for endometritis and metritis regarding their potential negative impacts on number of inseminations per conception in both premiparous and pleuriparous cows. Regarding to, days open, diseases like endometritis was associated with significantly (P<0.01) higher days open in both premiparous and pleuriparous cows. Meanwhile, advancing parity was associated with significantly (P<0.05) higher days open for cows suffering from endometritis only.

Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) and Avian Influenza virus (AI) are represent a great negative significant causing severe economic losses and increased mortalities worldwide. Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) vaccination were targeting to lower the losses from mortality, reduce the viral load in the environment as well as eradication of positive cases. Many immunostimulants had been used to improve the immune response of vaccinated chickens. The current study was designed to compare the effect of different immunostimulants on chick's immune response to bivalent ND with AI-H5N1 oil vaccine. One hundred and ten, 1- day old Baladi chicks, At the 1st day of life (0 day) 10 birds were sacrificed to obtained individual blood samples for serum to determine maternal antibodies (MDAbs) to both AI and ND. Rest of birds (100 chicks) were divided into 5 equal groups (1-5); each 20 chicks. All chicken groups were vaccinated against ND with eye drop instillation of HB1 vaccine. While, at the 9th day birds of the groups 1-3 and 5 were given H5N1 vaccine by S.C injection, birds of group 4 were lifted as non AI vaccinated control. The used immune stimulants under test were given to groups 1, 2, and 3 as follows Lector, Superimmune and Imuvral; respectively. All the groups were subjected to daily observation with recording of feed intake, weekly body weight gain and total FCR, Weekly serum samples were collected, for serological examination, and the results showed high antibody titers, low mortality rates and better body performance in the groups treated with immunostimulants than the other groups which were not treated with the immunostimulants

The aim of this study was to investigate the course and distribution of the celiac artery in Hooded crows and to extend our knowledge on the captured crows. Scarce information in the field of veterinary comparative anatomy and the available literature on the celiac artery and its distribution is provided. So, the present study tried to declare the confusion about the course and distribution of the celiac artery in the Hooded crows. Therefore, 10 apparently healthy Hooded crows of different ages and sexes were captured. The birds were anaesthetized by IM injection of 0.5 cc of 2% xylazine HCL (3 mg/kg). Colored gum milk latex (60%) was then injected through the descending aorta. Then, specimens were subjected to fine dissection to demonstrate the origin, course and distribution of the celiac artery. The celiac artery erupted laterally from the right face of the descending aorta opposite to the distance between the 5th and 6th vertebral rib, on a level with the junction of the esophagus and the proventriculus. It proceeded ventrally and slight caudally, where it gave off the esophageal artery after, 5 cm from its origin, the dorsal proventricular artery, splinc arteries and at the middle of spleen then bifurcated into left and right branches. The left branch of the celiac artery gave rise to right hepatic artery, ventral proventricular artery, pyloric branches, ventral gastric artery and then continued as the A. gastrica sinistra. The right branch of the celiac artery released the caudal group of splenic arteries, A. gastrica dextra, then continued as A. pancreaticoduodenalis.

There is paucity of information on the prevalence of leptospirosis in wildlife in Nigeria. This study investigated the prevalence and renal pathology of leptospirosis in wild animals in Southwest Nigeria. One hundred and five kidney samples were examined from 10 different wildlife species (antelope) greater cane rat (GCR), hare, African giant rat (AGR), tree hyrax, civet cat, monitor lizard, python, bushbuck and partridge) using a combination of Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson Harris (EMJH) medium, microscopic agglutination test (MAT), Warthin– Starry silver stain (WSss) and immunohistochemistry. Chi-square test was used with confidence level set at 0.05 to ascertain associations between positive cases and sex and species. Eightytwo (78.1%) samples were culturally positive, while 67.7% (63/93), 57.0% (16/28) and 66.7% (8/12) were WSss, MAT and immunohistochemically positive, respectively. Interstitial nephritis (41.0%) and tubular nephrosis (81.0%) were the most prominent histopathological changes. Pathogenic Leptospira organisms were highest in GCR (32.1%) and antelope (14.3%). Serovars hardjo (11.54%), bratislava (3.9%), canicola (3.9%), icterohaemorrhagiae (15.4%), pomona (7.14%) gripptotyphosa (19.2%) and undetermined isolates were also detected in other animals. The result showed high prevalence of Leptospira infection in the wild and the possibility of domestic animals and humans contracting the disease. This study is the first documentation of evidence of pathogenic Leptospira species in wildlife in Nigeria.

Query (Q) fever is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a bacterial agent for which ruminants are the most prevalent natural reservoir. Data regarding Q fever infection in camels in Algeria are limited. Therefore, a survey to detect seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies was conducted among healthy camel populations in a vast area in southeastern Algeria to determine distribution of the Q fever causative organism and to identify risk factors associated with infection. Between January and March 2016, blood samples were collected from 184 camels and serum samples were subsequently analysed using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. At the time of blood collection, a questionnaire investigating 13 potential predisposing factors associated with C. burnetii seropositivity was completed for every dromedary camel and herd. Results were analysed by a chi-square (χ2) test and multivariate logistic regression. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii at the animal level was 71.2% (95% CI: 65.2–78.3) and 85.3% (95% CI: 72.8–97.8) at the herd level. At the animal level, differences in seroprevalence were observed because of herd size, animal age, animal sex, presence of ticks and contact with other herds. A multivariable logistic regression model identified three main risk factors associated with individual seropositivity: (1) age class > 11 years (OR = 8.81, 95% CI: 2.55–30.41), (2) herd size > 50 head (OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 1.01–19.59) and (3) infestation with ticks (OR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1–4.5). This study of seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection in camels in Algeria revealed a high seroprevalence of Q fever in camel populations in southeastern Algeria and provided strong evidence that Q fever represents an economic, public health and veterinary concern. Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the spread of C. burnetii and to reduce the risk of Q fever in farm animals and humans in this agro-ecologically and strategically important region of North Africa.

Stability study of biological products especially living bacterial vaccines plays an important role for the determination of product changes in maintenance period, and ensures safety, efficacy and maintenance of biological properties of the vaccines. So, the objective of this study was to establish stability and keeping quality of the local Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine using different types of stabilizers in lyophilization process. A long-term stability study was carried out for four batches of reduced-dose Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine manufactured by veterinary serum and vaccine research institute using four different stabilizers. Stabilizers were: (A) sucrose and skimmed milk, (B and C) different concentrations of sucrose, sodium glutamate and gelatin, and (D) casein, sucrose and sodium glutamate. The quality control tests including colony forming unit, purity, dissociation and physicochemical tests on all batches until 12 months postproduction were performed. The obtained results indicated that in spite of collapse (shrinkage) of lyophilized cake in a number of bottles in batches prepared using stabilizer A, Brucella vaccine batches were stable and met the specification recommended by OIE 2012 for 12 months post-production in vaccine batches with stabilizers A and D.

A total of 220 random meat samples of different animal species were collected from 50 carcasses consisting 10 carcasses from each of beef, buffalo, camel, sheep and goat, as well20 frozen beef samples. Each carcass represented by four cut samples from neck, shoulder, abdomen and thigh. All samples were collected from random retail and butchers’ shops ofBeni-Suef governorate to assess their microbiological status and compare the levels of contamination among animal species and carcass cuts. This study showed and compared the means of counts (CFU/g) of total aerobicbacteria (mesophilic count and psychrophilic count), coliforms,fecal coliforms,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcusaureus in each of beef, buffalo, camel, sheep and goat carcasses and imported frozen beef as well. Beside the incidence of E.coli, Salmonellaspp, and coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus. The obtained results clarified that the examined beef, buffalo and mutton samples were more contaminated than those of other kinds of meat. The results were discussed from the hygienic point of view and compared with the national and international standards to assess their reliability for consumption.

Infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian influenza (AI) are highly contagious and the most economically important diseases of the poultry affecting the respiratory tract and causing economic losses in the poultry industry throughout the world. In the present study, 180 broiler flocks were sampled from 6 different Egyptian provinces (Giza, Qaluobia, Sharqia, Menofia, Al Behira and Fayoum) during 2014 to 2015. The birds showed respiratory illness and they were examined for 4 respiratory viral diseases; avian influenza (AI subtype H5 and H9), vNDV and IBV. All farms were vaccinated against IBV, ND and AI and were investigated using RT-PCR. The results showed that 41 out of 180 broiler farms were positive for either IBV or vND or AI-H5 and AI-H9 as a single infection as follows: 24, 10, 5 and 2 farms respectively. There were 62 farms detected as mixed infection, the highest incidence was shown in 40 farms co-infected with IBV and AI (H9) and 11 with IBV and vNDV, rRT-PCR results for each governorate separately go more or less parallel to that of all governorates collectively, There was no clear geographical preferences in positive viruses among governorates. Mortality rate and clinical signs incidence showed the highest percentage for birds reared in winter and Autumn compared with the other seasons. The results revealed that IBV as a single or a mixed infection had a major role in the respiratory problem in the field.

Food contaminated with multiple antibiotic-resistant S.aureus can be a major threat to the public health. The purpose of this study was to isolate S.aureus from different food sources, determine their antimicrobial susceptibility as well as detection of mecA gene among some resistant isolates. Out of 125 samples, 19 S.aureus isolates were isolated, and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high resistance against kanamycin, penicillin G, oxacillin, erythromycin and tetracycline were the most resistant antimicrobials agents. All the tested isolates isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR).Eight out of 19 isolates were phenotypically resistant to oxacillin as well as they were carriers for mecA gene.