A total of 200 samples of raw milk (100 cow milk and 100 buffaloe milk) were collected from different markets in Basrah city and were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus . Results indicate that this bacterium was observed in 28.5% of total samples (30% of cow milk and 27% of buffalo milk) Enterotoxin genes (Sea-See) were investigated using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Staphylococcal enterotoxin C gene ( Sec ) was detected in 24.56% of the S. aureus isolates , while none of the S. aureus isolates harbouring Sea, Seb,Sed or See genes.

The objective of this study was to investigate infectious keratoconjunctivitis in local buffaloes breed in Mosul (Mosul-Iraq). The study was conducted on (360) local buffaloes breed of different ages and both sexes. Animals were belong to different privet farms in Mosul area, and reared indoor or grazed during the day light. Result revealed that out of (360) animals, (80) animals have been exhibited the clinical sings of keratoconjusnctivitis, with a prevalence rate of (22.2%). Diseased animals show sings of, conjunctival hyperemia, serious, mucoid and/or purulent ocular secretions, photophobia, blepherospasim, congregation of flies on the eyes, edematous eyes anxiety, and corneal opacity. Results were also indicated different causative agents which were responsible for the disease, Morexella spp., Corynebacterium spp., Listeria spp and E.coli. being the most important and common isolated, moreover Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Niesseria spp. Actinobacillus spp., Klebseilla spp., and Proteus spp., were also detected.

A study was carried out on Ovine Anaplasmosis in the Sulaimani province of Iraq from September to December2007. Five hundred thin blood smears were prepared form Peripheral blood of sheep in 10 different localities and stained by Giemsa. The prevalence of Anaplasma Ovis was 24 (4.8%) and the rate was highest 8.8% was among animals above 3 years. The infected animal showed mild fever, hyperpnoea and tachycardia. Hematological values of the infected sheep was as follows: Packed cell volume 22 ± 4.75 % , erythrocyte count 6.42 ± 1.35 ×106/ μl , hemoglobin concentration 6.95 ± 1.28 g/dl , mean corpuscular volume 35.5 ± 5.85/ fl , mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration 11..04 ± 2.42/ pg, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 31.62 ± 6.62 g/dl and WBCs 11.15 ± 2.18× 10³ /μl , serum protein value 5.875 ± 0.801 mg/dl, serum calcium 8.341± 1.029 mg/dl, conjugate serum bilirubin 0.85 ± 0.314 mg/dl and serum cholesterol 57.291 ± 6.153 mg/dl.

he present study was planned to determine serum Micro mineral status (copper and zinc) of the sheep grown up in Thi_Qar villages .The serum copper &zinc values of the animals were analyzed .with atomic absorption spectrophotometer . The result showed there were non significant differences in all mean serum values of sheep except the mean serum values for animal which showed clinical sings were decrease significantly when compared with other animal which whereby not shown clinical sings .

The objective of the present work was to investigate infectious kerato-conjunctivitis in drought horses in Basrah Province (Basrah-Iraq). The study was conducted on (200) local drought horses (3-10) years old and of both sexes. Animals were brought and examined at the consultant veterinary hospital-college of veterinary medicine-university of Basrah, during the period from July 2007 to June 2008. Result revealed that out of (200) drought horses, (77) animals have been exhibited the clinical sings of keratoconjusnctivitis, with a prevalence rate of (38.5%). Diseased animals show sings of, sever conjunctival hyperemia, serious, mucoid and/or purulent ocular secretions, restless and anxiety, Presence of flies around the eyes, edematous eyes, Photophobia, Blepherospasim, rubbing eyes against hard objects, and corneal opacity. Results were also indicated different causative agents which were responsible for the disease, either in the form of single or mixed infection. Thelazia lacrymalis being the most important nematode detected, moreover Staphylococcus areus, E.coli, Klebseilla spp, Streptococous spp., and pseudomonas arigenosa, were indicated as the main and common bacteria which were isolated from infected eyes of diseased drought horses, Furthermore yeast, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were represent the fungal microorganisms isolated from infected eyes of diseased drought horses. Flies which found congregated around infected eyes were diagnosed as Musca spp.

The aim of the study was to compare the in vitro performance of different acyclovir tablets of the same strength from different companies under different trade names: Acyclovir actavis 400mg tab ,Acic 400mg tab ,and Veramide 400mg tab., and compare with pure acyclovir. The comparison include friability, thickness, and hardness as non official tests, and dissolution and weight variation as official tests. Dissolution test is the most important test in which we can determine the real amount of active ingredient (acyclovir) found in each tablet formulation in addition to the rate of drug release from these formulation . The results reveals that no significant changes observed in thickness, hardness ,and Friability ,all the formulation were found within the limits. The dissolution rate exerts significant differences after 5min, 51.9% of veramide, 76.4% of acyclovir activs, and acic 58.3% in comparison with 88.5% of acyclovir . After 10 min, only the percentage released from acic.( 75.72% ) was significantly differ from reference drug acyclovir 94.5% .While the results of this study showed a significant differences of percentage released after 20 min from veramide ,acyclovir actavis ,and acic are (95.7, 97.2,and 99.1 respectively) in comparison with acyclovir(99.5%). Amount of drug that released after40 min ,the percentage of drug released from all test tablets not significantly differ from that released from acyclovir100%.. Conclusion an attempt was made to compare three acyclovir different forms Acyclovi actavis , Acic ,and Veramide and compare the dissolution rate with standard acyclovir .The results showed a significant decrease in dissolution rate after 5 ,and20 min ,only acic exert a significant reduction after 10 min. All tablets released active ingredient in non significant manner after 40 min . further in vivo studies showed be done to reveal how such results affect the pharmacokinetic of mentioned drugs.

Two hundred samples (cow’s and goat’s milk75 for each,their farm soil 25and 25water samples )from different origin have been cultured on Ashdown selective agar which gave a higher percentage (36.5%)for B. pseudomallei isolation , 64% was observed in farm soil followed by water samples 48% than cow’s milk33.33% and finally the goat’s milk 26.66%. According to L-arabinose biotyping , 39.72% of the B.pseudomallei isolates were positive for arabinose (Arb+) and 60.3% of isolates were negative for arabinose (Arb-).The virulence testing revealed that most bacterial isolates yield haemolysin, protease, lipase and lecithenase in a percentage of 97.3% , 82.2%, 89.04% and 84.9% respectively.The Arb- biotypes were more virulent than Arb+ biotypes with significant differences (P< 0.05).All bacterial isolates were characterized by their ability to form capsule(100%),.This study confirmed the presence of casein proteolytic and necrotizing enzymes in the suspension of B.pseudomallei .Proteins concentration in this suspension was 0.00248 mg/ml .

The current study was conducted to evaluate the hematological and biochemical alteration in German shepherd dogs suffering from bacterial urinary tract infection in Diwanyia City Police Dogs division. The total number of examined cases was 7 cases and three bacterial isolates were detected from urine samples. Of the isolated strains 5 (71.42%) were identified as E.coli, 2 (28.57%) identified as mixed infection with E.coli and Streptococcus spp. Infected animals showed hematuria, fever, depression, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and restlessness. Physical examination of the infected urine showed turbidity and red coloration, furthermore chemical examination indicated the presence of RBCs (hematuria +4), bilirubin, Urobilinogen, leukocytes (+2), protein (+2), nitrate (+1) and the specific gravity is 1.030, glucose was negative in all cases. Crystals (amorphous), epithelial cells and casts of different types have been detected in the microscopic examination of the urine. Moreover results also indicated increase in creatinine and urea values, however there was a decrease in the concentration of K+ (potassium) in serum in case (No.5), mild increase in GGT values in the cases (No.5, 3 and 6) have been indicated. On the other hand triglyceride value showed increase in case (No.3) comparing with other cases. The results revealed that the Hb rates have been increased in case (No.5) compared to the other cases. The results revealed that the percentage of bacteriuria in the affected dogs was (57.14%).

The aim of the present work is to study the skin eyelids of native cattle (ox) with special emphasis on the structures that constituted eyelids, detected types of carbohydrates present in these structures and to compare the results with other studied ruminant. Five pairs of eyelids of healthy local ox used for histological and histochemical study. The present works included four areas upper eyelids, lower eyelids , medial canthus and lateral canthus of each eyelid. Eyelids covered internally by palpebral conjunctiva with goblet cells and covered externally by the skin. There was a significant increase on thickness of epidermis and corneal layers of the lower eyelid areas. Dermis included tarsal plate (large amount of collagen fibers, moderate amount of elastic fibers) with many sections of orbicularis muscle and scattered bundle of Müllerś muscle. Eye lash follicle varies in extension and diameter, arranged in double or triple rows. The follicle of eyelashes devoid of arrector pili muscle. They were many types of glands accompanied eyelash follicle, *glands of Zeis (small sebaceous glands) that have a significant difference especially on lower eyelid areas ,** gland of moll; (apocrine sweat glands) that revealed a significant difference in their dimension between lateral canthus , upper eyelid and lower eyelid areas , these glands began near the basement membrane of the upper eyelids . There are modified multilobulated sebaceous glands; Tarsal glands or meibomian glands; that are well developed on the upper eyelids and near the surface of the skin in the same area. Each tarsal gland empty their secretion onto the surface of the eyelid through a duct lined with typical stratified squamous epithelium, ducts vary in extension, they were deeper in the upper eyelids than other studied areas. Histochemistry study revealed a moderate amount of carboxylated glycoprotein in ground substance of eyelids; eye lashes follicle, tarsal gland and gland of moll, while goblet cells revealed strong reaction with carboxylated and neutral glycoproteins. Negative reaction for glycogen, sulphated glycoproteins , sulphated or carboxylated glycosaminoglycans in all studied areas.

The present study assessed the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in diarrhea patients ,beef, and raw milk. A total of 675 samples were inoculated in trypticase soy broth to enhance the growth of E. coli O157:H7. Out of total samples 73.5% isolated as E. coli then cultured on Sorbitol MacConkey agar ,31.8% non fermenting sorbitol (NSF) E. coli colonies were isolated and confirmed by specific biochemical tests . From NSFEC 13.7% were diagnosed as E.coli O157:H7 by serological test ,the result revealed no significant differences in the level of contamination with E. coli O157:H7 between beef ,stool and milk .The isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic susceptibility test which showed resistance 100% to cephalothin ,cefoxitin , cefixime, trimethoprim , amoxicillin, azithromycin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and sensitive 100% to ciprofloxacin ,imepenim ,nitrofurantion gentamycin and amikacin . No major differences in antibiotic susceptibility patterns among the isolates were observed.