The calves presented with abdominal affections requiring surgical interventions were randomly divided into group I and group II with seven animals in each group.  All the animals were premedicated with dexmedetomidine at 2 µg/kg body weight, pentazocine at 1 mg/kg body weight and midazolam at 0.2 mg/kg body weight intravenously. In group I and group II, anaesthetic induction was carried out with propofol at 2 mg/kg body weight and etomidate at 0.25 mg/kg body weight intravenously, respectively. Both the groups were maintained in Isoflurane anaesthesia with modified oro-endotracheal tube. The cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored during different stages of anaesthesia in both the groups. In both the groups, a significant decrease in heart rate was noticed after premedication and anaesthetic induction. A Significant increase was noticed in systolic blood pressure values after anaesthetic induction and 10th minute of anaesthesia in group I and a highly significant increase was noticed after induction up to 10 minutes in group II.  A highly significant increase in diastolic blood pressure was noticed after induction and 10th minute in group I, whereas significant increase was noticed in mean arterial pressure after induction and 15th minute of anaesthesia in group II animals. The cardiovascular parameters recorded in the present study concluded etomidate produced better cardiovascular stability and minimal respiratory depression compared to propofol throughout the anaesthetic period.

A case of fetal mummification among one of the quadruplet kids was reported in a fourth parity Kanni adu doe.

A three-month-old female New Zealand White Rabbit, weighing about 1.4 kg was brought to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli with ahistory of intense pruritis and alopecia all over the body. Clinical observation revealed crusty lesions on the nose,ear margin and toes. Microscopic examination of the deep skin scraping revealed the presence of Psoroptes cuniculi mite. The rabbit was treated with an injection Ivermectin @ 0.4 mg/kg sub-cutaneous and an injection of Chlorpheniramine maleate @ 0.4 mg/kg intramuscular and further advised the owner to give HITEK® oral solution (Ivermectin) @ 0.4 mg/kg PO once a week and Benzyl benzoate I.P. solution topically daily for a continuous period of one month along with multivitamin supplementation (Multistar pet®) @ 2 ml PO BID. The rabbit recovered successfully without any drug side effects (Tandem usage of ivermectin and Benzyl Benzoate).

To improve the production performance of white Guinea fowl, selective breeding was carried out continuously for six generation. A total 1000 Guinea fowl hatching eggs were procured from various government institutions and private entrepreneurs, and subsequently keets were hatched out and base population was created. The production traits were given due importance during selective breeding for six generations to improve both body weight and egg production. The traits such as hatch weight 4th, 8th, 12th,16th and 24 week body weight (g), FCR, livability, age at sexual maturity (days), Hen – Day Egg Production (HDEP) and Hen - Housed Egg Production (HHEP), annual egg number, egg weight (g), adult livability, total and fertile hatchability (%) were studied in all six generations. The day-old chick weight of all six generations ranged from 26.46 to 28.10 g. The 4th and 8th week mean body weight of the first generation white Guinea fowl was 180.85g and 481.69 g respectively, which increased to 220.95 g and 494.13 g, respectively in 6th generation. Similarly, the 12th and 16th week body weights in 1st generation increased from 767.12 g to 805.29 g and 951.04 g to 1079.15 g, respectively, at 6th generation. The linear regression analysis of 4th and 8th week body weight over generations revealed significant increment of 7.59 g and 7.72 g, respectively, per generation. Similarly, the 12th and 24th week body weight in each generation had a positive change with high degree of goodness of fit. The 12 and 16th week FCR showed a positive change of high magnitude over generations. The hen day and hen housed egg production (29-51 weeks) from 1st generation to 6th generation increased from 39.26 to 40.55 % and 37.53 to 38.83 %, respectively, during the course of selection. The total and fertile egg hatchability also showed marked changes due to selection with values varying from 49.52 to 53.14 % and 71.37 to 72.38 % across the generations. This study concluded that the multi stage short-term selection can improve both body weight and egg production in white Guinea fowl.  

The prevalence of haemoparasites in dogs in different regions of Andhra Pradesh was presented in this study. The overall prevalence of haemoparasitic infection was 35.0 and 48.23 per cent in Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra regions, respectively. Statistically, there was no significant (P>0.05) relationship between the region and prevalence of haemoparasites in dogs. Infection with single haemoparasite and co-infection with more than one haemoparasites was non-significantly higher (32.62% and 15.60%, respectively) in dogs of Coastal Andhra than in Rayalaseema region (27.50% and 7.50%, respectively). The prevalence of Babesia spp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis was non-significantly (P>0.05) high in Coastal Andhra than in Rayalaseema region. Among three species identified Babesia spp. were the most prevalent species in dogs in two regions. Co-infection with Babesia spp. and E. canis (10.06%; P>0.05) was more frequently observed in dogs in Coastal Andhra region than in dogs of Rayalaseema region (6.25 %). 

The present study aimed to develop and standardize RTD dal payasam prepared with coconut milk by replacing bovine milk by cooking dal (moong dal/ split yellow lentils) in coconut milk with added nuts, sugar and shredded coconut. The product was prepared with total solids of 22-23% as per commercial purpose. Three different trials (P1, P2 and P3) with varying quantities of dal (150g, 200g and 250g), jaggery (250g, 150g and 200g) and coconut milk of 200ml (based on preliminary study) was studied. The optimized dal payasam was filled in cans and retort processed at 121.1ºC and overpressure of 1.29 bar with steam pressure of 1 bar. Lethality time (F0) of 16.7 min and Total Process Time of 34.2 to 38.7 min was calculated by predictive thermal process modeling. Sensory evaluation of P1, P2 and P3 concluded that P3 with 250g moong dal, 200g jaggery, 200 ml coconut milk was highly preferred by sensory panelists. The finalized trial was further studied for its physico-chemical properties for 60 days at refrigerated (4±2ºC) and room temperature (25±2ºC). The study concluded that retort processed Ready-to-Drink dal payasam packed in cans was safe to consume upto 60 days of storage.

The study designed to assess the normal reproductive tract involution in postpartum crossbred Jersey cows. Pluriparous crossbred Jersey cows (n = 10) which had recently calved were subjected to ultrasonographic assessment for postpartum involution once in two days till complete involution. The results showed that the involution time required for the vagina and cervix was 23 and 29 days respectively. The Mean ± SE of vaginal and cervical involution (cm) varied from 2.15±0.07 to 1.12±0.07 and 3.76±0.10 to 1.74±0.09 respectively. The uterine involution (cm) of gravid and non-gravid horn diverge from 4.27±0.12 and 3.47±0.14 to 1.89±0.13 and 1.67±0.14 respectively from day 4 to 23. The present findings document the reference value and period of reproductive tract postpartum involution in crossbred Jersey cows.   

Eight numbers of dung samples were collected from bovine calves aged between 6-9 months in Thalayamangalam village, Orathanadu Taluk, Thanjavur district with the history of chronic watery diarrhoea and jowl oedema. Gross examination of dung samples revealed foul smelling with absence of segments of tapeworms. Dung samples were screened by using sedimentation technique for the presence of parasitic eggs/ova. Microscopical examination revealed the presence of spindle shaped eggs having anterior spine and active miracidium inside the eggs. Based on the morphological features of the parasitic egg, it was diagnosed as Schistosoma spindale infection in calves.

A female Ongole calf aged one year and nine months was found to have nodular development around the left eye and neck region. Clinical examination revealed that the calf had cutaneous papilloma (wart), which was treated with autohemotherapy, ivermectin and levamisole injections along with placement of a ligature around wart's base. On the third day of treatment, a large papilloma on the left lower eyelid dried up and sloughed off. On the tenth day of therapy, the warts on the upper eyelid and neck began to dry and flake off, leaving behind barely visible scars at the original growth sites. The animal underwent an uncomplicated recovery and completely recovered from the ailment.

A six-year-old Siberian husky bitch was presented to Small Animal Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, with a history of proestrus bleeding and prolonged breeding failure due to shyness. Based on progesterone value (8 ng/mL, artificial insemination was done. On day 45 post AI, ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of a viable foetus and lateral abdominal radiography showed the presence of a single foetus. Based on the observations, the owner was made aware of chances of risk of dystocia due to single puppy syndrome and the case was kept under observation. However, the case was presented on day 65 of gestation with signs of inappetence and greenish black vaginal discharge for the past 6 hrs. Based on the Ultrasound examination, Radiography and progesterone concentration, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to single puppy syndrome. Under local anaesthesia, episiotomy was performed and a viable foetus (650 gm) was delivered. The episiotomy wound was closed in simple interrupted suture pattern using polyamide (1-0). After one week of  postoperative care, the bitch had an uneventful recovery.