The blood parameters of Red Blood Cells for Barbus xanthopterus, Barbus sharpeyi and B. xanthopterus X B sharpeyi (hybrid )were mentionted. The dimentions of Red Blood Cells ( length and width) for the fish B.xanthopterus, B.sharpeyi and their hybrid were as follows: (6 and 4 microns; 5 and 3 microns; 6 and 4 microns). Hb content values for the above mentioned fish, were as follows: 5.18, 5.323 and 4 g /100 ml. PCV values for the above mentioned fish were as follows: 68.25% , 100% and 42.85714%. RBC numbers for the above fish were also mentioned as follows: 3450000, 3550000 and 3300000cell/1mm3.

A study on the prevalence and monthly incidence of Cysticercus tenuicollis metacestodes of sheep were carried out in Duhok abattoir(north of Iraq) .The work was conducted during the period from October.2008- to September.2009 by weekly regular visits to the slaughterhouse. All slaughtered animals were apparently healthy, were of local breed, of both sexes originated from some areas with non –descriptive features. Visual inspection of the lesion and traditional procedure were followed.Age,sex and different locations of cysts were widely investigated in each species and then tabulated . Out of 4716 sheep examined, only 31(0.7%) of sheep had cysts, with absence of these cysts in both goats and cattle. However, the vesicles were only present in female sheep. The highest infection rate was found in sheep older than 2 years(1.7%),while the lowest was in sheep younger than one year(0.1%).The heaviest incidence was observed in Febrewery,2009(1.4%)and the lowest was in Jun and July(0.3%). The commonest locations of the cysts were in the mesentery (29%) followed by the uterus (16%) with few cases in other visceral organs.

A study was carried out on Ovine Anaplasmosis in the Sulaimani province of Iraq from September to December2007. Five hundred thin blood smears were prepared form Peripheral blood of sheep in 10 different localities and stained by Giemsa. The prevalence of Anaplasma Ovis was 24 (4.8%) and the rate was highest 8.8% was among animals above 3 years. The infected animal showed mild fever, hyperpnoea and tachycardia. Hematological values of the infected sheep was as follows: Packed cell volume 22 ± 4.75 % , erythrocyte count 6.42 ± 1.35 ×106/ μl , hemoglobin concentration 6.95 ± 1.28 g/dl , mean corpuscular volume 35.5 ± 5.85/ fl , mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration 11..04 ± 2.42/ pg, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 31.62 ± 6.62 g/dl and WBCs 11.15 ± 2.18× 10³ /μl , serum protein value 5.875 ± 0.801 mg/dl, serum calcium 8.341± 1.029 mg/dl, conjugate serum bilirubin 0.85 ± 0.314 mg/dl and serum cholesterol 57.291 ± 6.153 mg/dl.

A novel purification method of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) based on precipitation using agar-PEG was developed. This method was compared with chloroform extraction and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation methods. The results showed the protein contents were high with chloroform method followed by agar-PEG then PEG method. The purity of resultant IgY was homogeneous with agar- PEG method followed by PEG method then chloroform extraction method. The IgY purified by agar –PEG method, obtained from hens immunized by formalin-treated S. aureus, showed a significant reduction in bacterial growth and the growth inhibition was dependent on specific-IgY concentration

This study preformed on 74 samples of marine water fishes (24 of Acanthopagrus lalus, 27 of platycephelus indicus and 23 of Cynoglossus arel). Which collected from north west Arabian Gulf of Basrah. All samples were examined for the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila in muscles. 24 isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were obtained, (33.3%) from Acanthopagrus lalus, (44.4%) from platycephelus indicus, and (17.39%) from Cynoglossus arel. Then all isolates were examined for their ability to hemolytic activity as a virulence factor, the higher percentage of hemolytic activity isolates was found in Acanthopagrus lalus

This study was designated to evaluate some external and internal characteristics of quail eggs reared in Basrah city. Ten mature female quails were used in the present study. All birds were reared under similar environmental, managerial and hygienic conditions. To assess the egg quality parameters, a total of 100 eggs were randomly collected for 20 days. The values related to egg weight, shape index, shell weight, shell ratio , shell thickness, egg length, Egg width, Shell index and shell surface area (cm2) are found respectively as 7.041, 79.590, 0.973, 14.193, 0.307, 2.825, 2.245, 13.044 and 8.205. The internal traits as albumen index, albumen height, albumen weight, albumen ratio, albumen width, Albumen length, albumin average, yolk diameter, yolk height, yolk weight, yolk index, yolk ratio and Yolk : Albumen ratio are found respectively as 12.056, 3.204, 2.5, 35.515, 2.308, 3.058, 2.683, 2.195, 3.983, 2.591, 17.601, 36.746 and 1.120.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of pregnancy on some physiological parameters in Iraqi She camels in comparative with males and females in estrus phase , sixty (60) camel blood samples were taken from AL-Najaf Slaughter house , twenty (20) blood samples for pregnant She camels , twenty (20) blood samples for females in estrus phase and twenty (20) blood samples for males to study the following parameters , Red blood cells count , hemoglobin concentration and packed cells volume and blood indices which are include mean corpuscular volume , mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration The grossly examination of ovary was used to determine the estrus phase for non – pregnant females . The electronic methods by beck man coulter were used to measure the studded parameters , The results revealed a significant decrease ( P  0.05) in blood parameters which are included RBCS count , Hb concentration and PCV% during pregnancy . Whereas no significant changes (P  0.05) in the blood indices values. There was decreased during dehydration and return to normal during rehydration , Which don’t take place in any group of this study

The pathogenic effect of representative local isolates of Aeromonas organisms was studied on 1٠0 native breed chickens. At 2 weeks of age, one hundred chicks were grouped into four equal groups (1-4); 25 birds each; after collection of fecal from all groups, examined and proved to be free from Aeromonas species. All groups were subcutaneously (s.c) inoculated with 0.5 ml containing 9×105 cfu /bird. Group 1 of chickens was infected by A. hydrophila; while group 2 was infected with A. caviae. The third group was infected with A. sobria; while, chicks of Group 4 were kept as non infected control. Results were showed mild clinical signs in some birds in the form of alternative diarrhea. Post mortem lesions showed general congestion of all carcasses. In severely emaciated cases the lesions were confined to the intestine, which filled with watery fluid and distended with gas. Results of Aeromonas reisolation revealed that all collected weekly fecal swabs were positive. While, percentage of A. hydrophila and A. caviae was 100% out of all tested organs, while isolation of A. sobria was 100%, 100% and 80% from liver, intestine and heart; respectively. Histopathological examination of infected chicken organs showing focal coaggulative necrosis in liver with mononuclear cells infiltration that varied in severity between groups as less severe in A. hydrophila (Gr.1) than A. caviae (Gr. 2), while A. sobria (Gr. 3) was markedly affected showing severe degenerated and dissociated hepatocytes. Intestinal changes were severe in group 3 than 2 while group 1 showing the mildest comparatively the changes was consist of necrosed mucosa, gland with leucocytic infiltration in lamina propria. Under the condition of our study we can conclude that the used Aeromonas isolates from field diseased chickens were of mild pathogenicity to s.c. inoculated 12 days old Fayoumi chicks with long course affection.

In an attempt to isolate reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) from field cases, plasma of commercial broiler chickens-suspect to have virus infection-were examined. Samples were inoculated in chicken embryo fibroblasts and after proper incubation infected cultures were assayed for REV-antigen by ELISA, immuno-peroxidase (IP) plaque assay, and PCR.Specificity of ELISA and IP was evaluated by comparing their results with that obtained by PCR. REV could be isolated and virus antigen was detected in cell cultures by all three techniques. Results showed that PCR and ELISA are more specific than IP in detection of REV-antigen. However, the sensitivity of ELISA was affected by the criterion used for determination of the cut-off point. Further studies are needed for full characterization of the isolated virus by using reference antiserum or strain specific primers for PCR.

Gentamicin is an effective aminoglycoside antibiotic against severe infections. In spite of inducing nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage, gentamicin is used clinically due to its wide spectrum of activities against Gram negative bacterial infections. Its nephrotoxicity occurs by selective accumulation in renal proximal convoluting tubules. Its nephrotoxicity involves renal free radical generation and reduction in antioxidant defense mechanisms. A potential therapeutic approach to protect or reverse gentamicin-induced oxidative stressand nephrotoxicity would have more importance for clinical consequences. Therefore, thepresent study was designed to investigate the possible antioxidant protective effects of oxytocin and silymarin against gentamicin-induced renal damage in rats. A total of 40 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. The first group is the control group that received normal saline (1ml/kg/i.p/day for 8 consecutive days), the second group was treated withgentamicin(80mg/kg/i.p/day for 8 days), the third group was treated with gentamicin (80mg/kg/i.p/day for 8 days) and oxytocin (5 I.U/kg/i.p/day for 8 days) and the fourth group was treated with gentamicin (80mg/kg/i.p/day for 8 days) and salymarin in a dose of (50 mg/kg orally/day for 8 days). Some biochemical and histopathological examinations of kidneys were performed after treatment for evaluation of the oxidative stress and renal nephrotoxicity. Gentamicin treatment significantly increased serum urea and creatinine levels and AST activities. Also gentamicin significantly decreased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity in renal tissues. Renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) has a non significant increase, while renal reduced glutathione (GSH) wasn't changed. Study of renal morphology showed degenerative changes in the form of cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration and glomerular necrosis in gentamicin group. Administration of oxytocin and silymarin with gentamicin ameliorated to some degree the biochemical changes and oxidative stress parameters against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. It was concluded that treatments with these antioxidants could have beneficial effects in treatment of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.