Free range grazing ducks play a major role in rural economy of Asian countries in the form of meat and egg production. The present study reports a mixed infection of Tetrameres sp. and Echinostoma sp. in nomadic ducks from Orathanadu, Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, India. On post-mortem examination of two ducks with a history of enteritis revealed bright red nematodes in the proventricular mucosa and minute flukes in small intestine. Tetrameres sp. and Echinostoma sp. worms were identified based on morphological characteristics. Intestinal contents also revealed eggs of Tetrameres sp. and Echinostoma sp. Further snails were collected from the duck rearing areas and confirmed the release of Echinostome cercariae and the snails were also identified as Planorbis sp. The study emphasizes the significance of mixed helminthic infections in nomadic ducks from Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.

A total of five lambs, 6-8 months old were presented with the history of faeces voiding through vulva and absence of anal opening since birth. Clinical examination revealed a fistulous tract connecting dorsal vaginal wall and rectum. Animal passing small quantity of dung with straining frequently due to small opening. Cases were tentatively diagnosed as congenital rectovaginal fistula with atresia ani. Surgical correction was attempted. All the animals recovered without any complications.

A full-term pregnant doe was presented with a history of dystocia. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of two dead fetuses. On obstetrical examination, vulval stenosis was confirmed.  Bilateral episiotomy was performed and twin dead fetuses were delivered per-vaginum by traction. Among the dead male twins, the first fetus had only prognathism second one had prognathism and a severe degree of congenital lordosis.  Post-operative treatment was followed resulting in an uneventful recovery of the doe.

A 7 months old female Rottweiler dog was presented with the history of ocular discharge from the right eye and partially opening of the eyelid since 2 weeks from adoption. Ophthalmic examination revealed epiphora, blepharospasm, congested sclera, cloudy cornea with tissue like growth along with hairs on the lateral temporal limbal region on the right eye and the left eye had no abnormalities. Schirmer tear test and fluorescein dye test was performed. Based on the ophthalmic examination findings, the condition was diagnosed as corneal dermoid. Surgical excision of corneal dermoid was done to correct the abnormalities and animal had an uneventful recovery.

Nine-year-old Indian Thoroughbred gelding was presented to the Large Animal Medicine Out-patient Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with a history of restlessness, anorexia, not voided dung and urine, patchy sweating, flank watching, pawing, frequent lying down and getting up. Clinical examination of the animal revealed severe dehydration with tachycardia and absence of borborygmi on both sides of the abdomen. Rectal examination revealed scanty dry faeces in the rectum with distended caecum. Distended intestinal loops with the absence of intestinal peristalsis were observed through ultrasound examination. Haemato- biochemical examination revealed increases creatinine, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The animal was treated with Inj. Ringer’s lactate and Inj. Flunixin meglumine. The animal was administered with liquid paraffin, magnesium sulphate, and simethicone along with the water through nasogastric intubation. Again the animal showed colic signs. Further the animal was sedated with xylazine and continuous rate infusion of Lignocaine @ 0.05mg/kg/min and fluids were administered through jugular catheter. The animal passed urine and showed a clinical improvement on following treatment. Animal started taking regular feed and voided dung on the third day of treatment.

Canine diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder in dogs, closely resembling type 1 diabetes in humans, and is marked by chronic hyperglycemia from pancreatic β-cell destruction or dysfunction, causing insulin deficiency. Contributing factors include genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, pancreatitis, and certain drugs. It occurs most often in older, female, and breed-susceptible dogs. Typical signs include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and bilateral cataracts, with diagnosis based on persistent fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria. Management requires lifelong insulin therapy, dietary control, and monitoring through tools such as blood glucose curves and Fructosamine testing. Complications like diabetic ketoacidosis, cataracts, and urinary tract infections are frequent and need timely intervention. Advances in continuous glucose monitoring, immunotherapy, and molecular diagnostics  have  improved  outcomes.  With  proper  therapy  and  owner  compliance, affected dogs can maintain a good quality of life. Research is focusing on early detection, genetic  screening,  and  innovative  treatments  like  stem  cell  therapy  and  pancreatic islet  regeneration,  ensuring  continued  progress  in  controlling  this  complex  disease.

This study investigated the impact of different egg cleaning methods on hatchability, moisture loss, and chick yield in broiler breeder grandparent eggs. A total of 1500 eggs (300 eggs/treatment, (50 eggs/replicate) from 62-week-old birds were used. Five treatments were employed: fresh eggs from cages (T1 – control), dry cleaning (T2), and using didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride at concentrations of 3 ml/L (T3), 4 ml/L (T4), and 5 ml/L (T5). The shape index of the egg was consistent across all treatments, ranging from 76.5% to 77.5%, ensuring a uniform basis for comparison. treatments T1, T2, and T4 exhibited better hatchability performance compared to the other groups (78.67% ± 0.42, 78.67% ± 0.67, and 71.33% ± 0.42, respectively). Notably, the hatchability values for T1 (control) and T2 (dry clean) were numerically similar. Regarding moisture loss, dry-cleaned eggs (T2) exhibited the highest moisture loss (10.65% ± 0.32), with T3 (disinfectant cleaning at 3 ml/L) showing a closer level. Economically, T1 (control - cleaning eggs from cages) yielded the highest profit (Rs.40,050) compared to the other treatments. This study concluded that dry cleaned eggs and fresh eggs from cage will provide better hatchability and economic returns in broiler grandparent birds.

  This study investigates the application of time series models for forecasting milk production in India. Using secondary data from 2001–02 to 2022–23, we evaluated four forecasting techniques, Exponential Smoothing (ES), Moving Average (MA), Vector Auto Regression (VAR), and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The ARIMA (1,1,0) model emerged as the best fit for short-term forecasting, while MA demonstrated better performance for long-term projections. The VAR model achieved an adjusted R² of 1.00, indicating a near-perfect fit, although its predictive capacity needs careful interpretation. Forecasting using ARIMA projected India’s milk production to reach approximately 394 million tonnes by 2032–33, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.29%. These findings hold significant relevance for policymakers aiming to devise data-driven strategies to support sustainable dairy sector growth.

In recent years, Qatar’s population has grown quickly, which has led to a rise in camels (Camelus dromedarius, one-humped). This increased the risk of infection. Six species of bacteria of the genus Anaplasma are responsible for the tick- borne disease anaplasmosis, which affects people and livestock. The most significant species for human and veterinary health are Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The study aimed to detect Anaplasma spp in camel blood samples, utilizing RT-PCR analysis with genetic PCR solution kits [GPS]. A total of 800 camel blood samples collected in an aseptic condition from the jugular vein in 5ml EDTA tubes were used for bacterial DNA isolation. The thermal profile was set up with initial denaturation at 95°C for 1 min, denaturation at 95°C for 15 s of 40 cycles, and extension at 60°C for 60 s. The amplification curve shows the absolute quantification. A mean CT value of 28.5 was considered positive, indicating the presence of Anaplasma spp. This demonstrates the widespread occurrence of anaplasmosis in the region and poses a risk to public health as well as the economy. To maximize future strategic control programs and stop expansion to nearby nations, monitoring, species and subspecies identification, and control measure implementation are crucial tools.

A primiparous crossbred Jersey cow was presented with dystocia following prolonged labor and previous faulty manual intervention by untrained personnel, leading to amputation of both fetal forelimbs. Clinical examination revealed vaginal oedema. Per vaginal examination confirmed the presence of a dicephalic fetus. Cesarean section was performed to relieve the obstruction. Post-operatively, the cow exhibited downer cow syndrome due to prior trauma and prolonged recumbency, but recovered with supportive care. Necropsy of the fetus revealed two separate heads and tracheae, converging into a common thoracic cavity with a single set of lungs and one heart. This case highlights the importance of skilled obstetrical management and presents anatomical insights into rare dicephalic conjoined twins in cattle.