This study to evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of various concentration of alcohol garlic extraction ,formalin and glucose .Liver and lung protoscolices of sheep were exposed to 100ul,200 ul,500 ul & 1000 ul of alcohol garlic extraction ;100ul ,500 ul & 1000 ul of formalin; 10%,20% ,30% &50% of glucose were used as the positive control ,while physiological saline was used as negative control. Viability of protoscolices was determined using 1% of aqueous eosin stain method. The percentage ( 100%) of mean of dead protoscolices after 1 hr ,2.5 hr , 3 hr& 5 hr of 1000 ul, 500 ul ,200 ul & 100 ul of alcohol garlic extraction respectively . The statistical analysis ( T- test ) showed that was significant differences between the means protoscolicidal effects of alcohol garlic extraction & physiological saline (P

A total of 200 samples of raw milk (100 cow milk and 100 buffaloe milk) were collected from different markets in Basrah city and were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus . Results indicate that this bacterium was observed in 28.5% of total samples (30% of cow milk and 27% of buffalo milk) Enterotoxin genes (Sea-See) were investigated using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Staphylococcal enterotoxin C gene ( Sec ) was detected in 24.56% of the S. aureus isolates , while none of the S. aureus isolates harbouring Sea, Seb,Sed or See genes.

The study was included isolation of ticks from ear, tail and udder of 60 sheep began from February to April (2012), The tick samples wereidentificationand assign to typeHyalomma sppdepended on diagnostic characters whichincluded: being festoons or none, legs appeared like banded andShape of spiracle like long coma in male,triangularshape in femalewith haslike tail inside at the end . Theblood were taken from its and were growing onMaConkeyand Eosin methylene blue agars,thebacterial colonies were growing inEosine methylene blue agarwas Escherichia coliwhich is appear as green metallic sheen, However thecoloniesonMaConkey agar wasopaque, pink in color and mucus in natural which refer tobacteria Klebseilla pneumonia, The number and percentage positiveof infectionby these bacteria was 8(13%) forEscherichia Coliand 3(5%) for Klebseilla pneumonia.

A five months as toxologic pathologic study of diazinon on male wild pigeons ( Culumba livia gaddi) by oral intubation was done. The animals divided to four groups each with six pigeons: A( high dose 0.6 mg), B( intermediate dose of 0.3 mg), C( low dose 0.15 mg) and D(untreated control). Clinical observation of treated pigeons did not show significant changes, but a clear histopathological changes were founded. In livers of group A showed a periportal foci of mononuclear cells, while, another showed a septal fibrosis and foci of mononuclear cells in the same group. A foci of mononuclear cells were shown in group B. In group C there was a periportal fibrosis, congestion and foci of mononuclear cells. A dilated cortical tubules were showed in kidney in all groups. While, in section from sciatic nerve related to groups (A-C) showed degenerated and vacuolated nerve fibers, and vacuolated nerve fibers were founded in group B and C. A several degenerate vacuolated nerve fibers were founded in the spinal cord of pigeons in A group, while, in B group a degenerate, vacuolated nerve fibers. In C group a several degenerate, vacuolated nerve fibers

The present study aimed to determine some of reproductive values of water buffaloes in marshes of Iraq which may be used as a primary values for assaying the reproduction and production of water buffaloes. The study performed on immature male and female water buffaloes. Estradiol and progesterone hormones were determined. The results showed effect of sex on the levels of estradiol and progesterone of male and female buffaloes. The age was effective in estradiol and progesterone levels of female buffaloes, while it was no effective on estradiol and progesterone levesl of male water buffaloes.

Hepatic granuloma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a granulomatous reaction. A total of ( 5 ) seagull birds were collected from different locales at Basrah city under this study with clinical signs anroxia and maciatiun. The pathological sections showed many changes; presence of scattered granuloma in the parenchyma mostly midzonal and in periportal regions. Those granulomas consist of macrophages with central necrosis, some of those macrophages were with epithelial appearance or what is called epithelioid cells. In conclusion the hepatic granulomas under this study suspected to be caused by infection with E. coli.

The aim of the study was to compare the in vitro performance of different acyclovir tablets of the same strength from different companies under different trade names: Acyclovir actavis 400mg tab ,Acic 400mg tab ,and Veramide 400mg tab., and compare with pure acyclovir. The comparison include friability, thickness, and hardness as non official tests, and dissolution and weight variation as official tests. Dissolution test is the most important test in which we can determine the real amount of active ingredient (acyclovir) found in each tablet formulation in addition to the rate of drug release from these formulation . The results reveals that no significant changes observed in thickness, hardness ,and Friability ,all the formulation were found within the limits. The dissolution rate exerts significant differences after 5min, 51.9% of veramide, 76.4% of acyclovir activs, and acic 58.3% in comparison with 88.5% of acyclovir . After 10 min, only the percentage released from acic.( 75.72% ) was significantly differ from reference drug acyclovir 94.5% .While the results of this study showed a significant differences of percentage released after 20 min from veramide ,acyclovir actavis ,and acic are (95.7, 97.2,and 99.1 respectively) in comparison with acyclovir(99.5%). Amount of drug that released after40 min ,the percentage of drug released from all test tablets not significantly differ from that released from acyclovir100%.. Conclusion an attempt was made to compare three acyclovir different forms Acyclovi actavis , Acic ,and Veramide and compare the dissolution rate with standard acyclovir .The results showed a significant decrease in dissolution rate after 5 ,and20 min ,only acic exert a significant reduction after 10 min. All tablets released active ingredient in non significant manner after 40 min . further in vivo studies showed be done to reveal how such results affect the pharmacokinetic of mentioned drugs.

This study was carried out for detection of Salmonella isolates from 309 different apparently healthy samples (97 fecal, 71 bile, 102 intestinal content, 18 livers and 21 spleen) collected from slaughtered sheep in a slaughterhouse in Basra during the period between September to November 2010. The results revealed that the incidence rate of salmonella isolates in fecal samples was 7.2 %, in bile samples 8.5 % and in intestinal content 9.8%. While no isolations were obtained from the liver and spleen samples. The total positive sample of salmonella isolates was 23 (7.4%).

Two hundred samples (cow’s and goat’s milk75 for each,their farm soil 25and 25water samples )from different origin have been cultured on Ashdown selective agar which gave a higher percentage (36.5%)for B. pseudomallei isolation , 64% was observed in farm soil followed by water samples 48% than cow’s milk33.33% and finally the goat’s milk 26.66%. According to L-arabinose biotyping , 39.72% of the B.pseudomallei isolates were positive for arabinose (Arb+) and 60.3% of isolates were negative for arabinose (Arb-).The virulence testing revealed that most bacterial isolates yield haemolysin, protease, lipase and lecithenase in a percentage of 97.3% , 82.2%, 89.04% and 84.9% respectively.The Arb- biotypes were more virulent than Arb+ biotypes with significant differences (P< 0.05).All bacterial isolates were characterized by their ability to form capsule(100%),.This study confirmed the presence of casein proteolytic and necrotizing enzymes in the suspension of B.pseudomallei .Proteins concentration in this suspension was 0.00248 mg/ml .

The aim of the present work is to study the skin eyelids of native cattle (ox) with special emphasis on the structures that constituted eyelids, detected types of carbohydrates present in these structures and to compare the results with other studied ruminant. Five pairs of eyelids of healthy local ox used for histological and histochemical study. The present works included four areas upper eyelids, lower eyelids , medial canthus and lateral canthus of each eyelid. Eyelids covered internally by palpebral conjunctiva with goblet cells and covered externally by the skin. There was a significant increase on thickness of epidermis and corneal layers of the lower eyelid areas. Dermis included tarsal plate (large amount of collagen fibers, moderate amount of elastic fibers) with many sections of orbicularis muscle and scattered bundle of Müllerś muscle. Eye lash follicle varies in extension and diameter, arranged in double or triple rows. The follicle of eyelashes devoid of arrector pili muscle. They were many types of glands accompanied eyelash follicle, *glands of Zeis (small sebaceous glands) that have a significant difference especially on lower eyelid areas ,** gland of moll; (apocrine sweat glands) that revealed a significant difference in their dimension between lateral canthus , upper eyelid and lower eyelid areas , these glands began near the basement membrane of the upper eyelids . There are modified multilobulated sebaceous glands; Tarsal glands or meibomian glands; that are well developed on the upper eyelids and near the surface of the skin in the same area. Each tarsal gland empty their secretion onto the surface of the eyelid through a duct lined with typical stratified squamous epithelium, ducts vary in extension, they were deeper in the upper eyelids than other studied areas. Histochemistry study revealed a moderate amount of carboxylated glycoprotein in ground substance of eyelids; eye lashes follicle, tarsal gland and gland of moll, while goblet cells revealed strong reaction with carboxylated and neutral glycoproteins. Negative reaction for glycogen, sulphated glycoproteins , sulphated or carboxylated glycosaminoglycans in all studied areas.