Fasciolosis is a disease caused by fluke infestation Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. Usually, these flukes infect ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep and wildlife. Infestation F. gigantica can cause a decrease in the immune response, so that livestock become more susceptible to infection with other microorganisms. The emergence of microorganisms such as bacteria can cause foodborne disease for those who consume liver infestation by F. gigantica. This study aims to see the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the liver of cattle infestation by F. gigantica. Isolation of bacteria present in beef liver was conducted by culturing it on culture media such as blood agar media. Blood agar media can be used to determine pathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic properties of bacteria are seen based on the ability of bacteria to hemolyze blood on blood agar media. Based on the results of the hemolysis test on blood agar media, four colonies were found that were potentially pathogenic, namely alpha hemolysis (isolate S2-A) and beta hemolysis (isolate S1.1-A, S2-B, and S3-A). Furthermore, the results of bacterial identification were based on morphological observations and Gram staining tests as well as biochemical tests and spore staining, isolate S2-A identified as bacteria Staphylococcus sp., while isolates S1.1-A, S2-B, and S3-A were identified as bacteria Bacillus sp. Thus, it can be concluded that in the liver of cattle infestation by F. gigantica, bacteria are found that have the potential to be opportunistic pathogens.

Parasites pose a major threat to animal health and welfare globally, with a greater impact in Africa, particularly Ethiopia, due to diverse agro-ecological factors that support various hosts and helminths. This experiment aimed to estimate parasite infestation levels, identify associated risk factors, and detect anthelmintic drug resistance. Fecal sedimentation and flotation techniques were used to identify trematode and nematode eggs, respectively. Two drugs, Albenda-qk 600 mg and Flukash Sheep (Oxyclozanide 340 mg), were tested for resistance, and associated risk factors were analyzed using STATA (version 13). Results showed nematode and trematode prevalence of 66% and 29% pre-treatment, dropping to 7% and 3% post-treatment. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that age and deworming timing were significantly associated with parasite positivity (P 0.05). Despite significant reductions in parasite prevalence post-treatment, some sheep flocks exhibited resistance. To prevent further development of anthelmintic resistance, the following practices are recommended: avoid frequent or unnecessary treatments, apply strategic and integrated drug use, ensure proper dosages, rotate anthelmintic drugs, and regularly perform efficacy tests.

Background and Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) supplementation in semen extenders on the post-thaw sperm motility of Waringin rams.Materials and Methods: Semen was collected from Waringin rams, diluted with Andromed extender, and divided into three treatment groups: control (K0) without PGF2, P1 with 37.5 g PGF2, and P2 with 75 g PGF2.Results : The results showed that post-thaw sperm motility in P1 (49.33%) and P2 (54.00%) was significantly higher than in the control group K0 (25.33%) (P 0.05), although no significant difference was observed between P1 and P2 (P 0.05). Additionally, pre-freezing sperm motility also increased in P1 (75.00%) and P2 (82.33%) compared to K0 (43.67%).Conclusion: It is concluded that PGF2 supplementation in semen extenders can improve the post-thaw motility of Waringin ram spermatozoa, with a 75 g dosage yielding the most optimal effect.

Background and Aim: Canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are significant tick-borne diseases with global distribution and high clinical relevance in veterinary medicine. This case report presents a ten-year-old male Fila Brasileiro dog exhibiting clinical signs of anorexia and lethargy for three consecutive days.Materials and Methods: Physical examination revealed fever (40.3 C), pale mucous membranes, and a body condition score of 3/5. A complete blood count (CBC) showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, microcytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Further confirmation using a SNAP 4Dx rapid test detected antibodies against Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp., leading to a definitive diagnosis of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Treatment involved fluid therapy using intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride and doxycycline at a dose of 250 mg per day for 21 days.Results : The hematological findings align with typical abnormalities observed in dogs with these infections, including reduced erythrocyte and platelet counts, which are associated with immune-mediated destruction and bone marrow suppression. These pathogens also alter neutrophil function to evade the host immune response, contributing to prolonged inflammation and disease progression. The hematological profile presented here demonstrates a rare combination of microcytic anemia and eosinophilia, which may suggest an atypical host immune response not commonly described in previous literature.Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis through hematological and serological examinations and emphasizes the need for routine tick prevention to reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases in dogs.

Background and Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the immune-inflammatory response induced by ZnMg(3x) and ZnMg(4x) alloy implants in the porcine urinary bladder by measuring serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels.Materials and Methods: Nine porcines, aged 2-3 months old with 25-30 kg body weight, were divided into three groups: ZnMg(3x), ZnMg(4x), and control, while the observation time was performed on days 0, 14, and 28. Implantation was performed on the urinary bladder using cystotomy techniques. Measurement of IL-6 levels is done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results : The results showed that at day 0 for the ZnMg(3x) and ZnMg(4x) implants were 0.53 0.92 pg/mL and 0.10 0.17 pg/mL, respectively. On day 14, IL-6 levels in both implants decreased, although not significantly. On day 28, a slight increase was observed in ZnMg(3x) compared to ZnMg(4x), but this was also not significant (P0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results, Zn-Mg materials are suitable to be used as urinary stent base materials.

Background and Aim: Low reproductive efficiency, particularly repeat breeding, is a significant constraint in cattle production systems in Indonesia. Repeat breeding is defined as the failure of a cow to conceive after three or more services with fertile males, without detectable reproductive abnormalities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of repeat breeding and identify risk factors related to reproductive and management practices in female aceh cattle in Pidie District.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using simple random sampling. The study population consisted of Aceh cows that had undergone artificial insemination (AI), with data obtained from inseminator records. Primary data were collected through structured interviews with inseminators and farmers, while secondary data were sourced from AI service logs. Statistical analysis was performed using odds ratios (OR) to assess associations, followed by chi-square tests for significance (SPSS 2007).Results : The prevalence of repeat breeding in aceh cattle was 58.3%. Significant risk factors included poor estrus detection knowledge (P= 0.043; OR= 2.32), delayed estrus reporting (P= 0.076; OR= 1.90), inadequate management of pregnant cattle (P= 0.070; OR= 0.37), and improper placement of feed and water (P= 0.070; OR= 0.18). Strong associations were also found with poor water source quality (P= 0.001; OR= 3.97) and prepartum confinement practices (P= 0.000; OR= 0.20).Conclusion: In contrast, general husbandry practices, including housing hygiene, floor type, and drainage, showed no significant impact. This study highlights the urgent need for improved farmer awareness and better reproductive management to reduce repeat breeding in aceh cattle.

Goats are one type of livestock that has a high socioeconomic value for farmers. Most of the goats owned by farmers in Amplas Village are grazed and penned. Goats that are kept in a semi-intensive way are annually attacked by diarrhoeal diseases compared to goats that are kept intensively. This is thought to be due to the presence of gastrointestinal parasites that attack livestock due to the way they are kept. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of infection and intensity of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in goats reared with semi-intensive and intensive rearing systems. The samples examined were 60 faecal samples which were divided based on the rearing system. The samples were then taken to the laboratory of the veterinary center in Medan. The results of the observations showed haemonchus, trichuris, and capillaria sp. The highest prevalence value in Haemonchus sp. was 100%. The lowest prevalence was in Capillaria sp. with a value of 3.3%. The highest intensity was for Haemonchus sp. parasites with a value of 358 grains/ind. The lowest intensity was for Capillaria sp. parasites with a value of 10 grains/ind.Keywords: parasite, nematode, gastrointestinal, goat

Indonesia has significant potential in the beef and dairy cattle sectors but faces challenges in improving the genetic quality of livestock. Embryo Transfer (ET) is a biotechnological approach that can enhance genetic quality and livestock productivity. This study aims to examine and analyze the factors affecting the success rate of pregnancies in FH dairy cattle as recipients of embryo transfer at Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang. Secondary data from BET Cipelang (2017-2023) were used, including variables such as embryo quality, transfer methods, recipient age, estrus synchronization methods, and embryo donor breeds. The results showed that good embryo quality (24.55%) and fresh transfer methods (35.19%) significantly increased pregnancy success (p 0.05). Synchronization methods using PGF2 and a combination of Progesterone + PGF2 increased the chances of pregnancy by 3.60 and 3.89 times, respectively, compared to natural estrus. Although not statistically significant, recipient age groups of 3-5 years and 6-9 years had higher pregnancy success rates compared to the 10-12 years age group. The donor breed of embryos did not show a significant effect on pregnancy rates. Therefore, this study concludes that good embryo quality and fresh transfer methods significantly increase the pregnancy success rate in FH dairy cattle at BET Cipelang. The factors influencing pregnancy rates include embryo quality, transfer methods, recipient age, estrus synchronization methods, and donor breed, with embryo quality and fresh transfer methods having the greatest impact. To improve pregnancy rates, it is recommended to select high-quality embryos, use fresh transfer methods, and implement effective estrus synchronization protocols, such as PGF2 injection or a combination of Progesterone + PGF2. Further research involving various recipient cattle breeds and genetic and environmental factors is also advised.

Background and Aim: Antibiotics are one of the most used treatments by farmers, both in commercial and non-commercial livestock operations. The use of antibiotics in animals directly impacts the environment, which can become a significant factor in the spread of antibiotic resistance. The environment plays an essential role for both animals and humans, and contamination caused by uncontrolled environmental factors can lead to health impacts on surrounding populations. One of the contaminants that can threaten the health of animals and humans is the presence of Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli in environmental samples collected from a non-urban livestock region in Playen, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta.Materials and Methods: The data in this study consisted of fifty samples, including fishpond water, wastewater, drinking water, water source, water tank, feces, and soil. The methodology involved bacterial isolation using biochemical tests and antimicrobial resistance testing conducted through the KirbyBauer disk diffusion method.Results: The antibiotics used in this study were streptomycin, penicillin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The results showed that 5% of the samples were resistant to streptomycin, 92% were resistant to penicillin, 0% were resistant to enrofloxacin, 12.8% were resistant to oxytetracycline, and 2.5% were resistant to sulfamethoxazole.Conclusion: The findings indicate a high prevalence of Penicillin-resistant E. coli in environmental samples from non-urban livestock areas, highlighting the potential risk of environmental antibiotic resistance transmission.

Background and Aim: IPB D1 chicken is a crossbreed developed by crossing local Indonesian chickens-Pelung, Sentul, and Kampung-with commercial broilers. This crossbreeding initiative led by researchers from the Faculty of Animal Science at IPB University, aims to develop a meat-type chicken breed that is well adapted to traditional backyard farming systems commonly found in rural areas.Materials and Methods: The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of IPB D1 chickens carrying the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. A total of 11 chickens were used in this experiment. Detection of the TLR4 gene was conducted using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques, followed by assessment of the chickens' immune response through total and differential leukocyte counts.Results: The results showed that IPB D1 chickens with the TLR4-positive genotypes (GG and AG) exhibited stronger immune responses and more stable leukocyte profiles compared to TLR4-negative chickens (AA genotype) following exposure to S. Enteritidis. These findings suggest that the TLR4 gene plays an important role in innate immunity and may enhance resistance to bacterial infection.Conclusion: Overall, this study highlights the potential of IPB D1 chickens as a resilient local breed suited for sustainable poultry farming, particularly in resource limited environments.Keywords: IPB D1 chickens, leukocyte profile, non-specific immune response, Salmonella Enteritidis, TLR4 gene