The aim of present work were to investigate the carrier state to foot and mouth disease virus in vaccinated cattle (vaccinated carriers) and unvaccinated cattle (unvaccinated carriers). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was employed to detect FMDV from esophageal and pharyngeal fluid samples collected from both vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle. Results have been shown that the persistence of FMDV is significantly higher in unvaccinated cattle in comparison to vaccinated animals. It have been concluded that high vaccination trials were play a role in the elimination of carrier status from cattle.

The study was intended for identification and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis cases. A total of 143 milk samples were collected from apparently normal cows from Basrah province. California mastitis test was used to detect 81 (56.6%) samples as subclinical mastitis. However, by using bacteriological and biochemical tests 36(44.44%) isolates were confirmed as S. aureus. Antimicrobials susceptibility assays of isolates revealed that, all of them were completely susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamycin and vancomycin. Oxacillin and cefoxitin susceptibility illustrated that 22(61.1%) isolates were resistant to methicillin (MRSA) and 14 (38.9%) isolates were methicillin susceptible (MSSA). Phenotypic production of slime and biofilm were evaluated by using Congo red agar and microtiter plate techniques, 31 (86.1%) isolates were slime producer and 29 (80.6%) were biofilm producers from all tested isolates. The production of slime and biofilm of MRSA isolates were 95.5% and 90.9%, whereas, for MSSA were 71.4% and 64.3% respectively. The differences in slime and biofilm production among MRSA and MSSA isolates were statistically significant. All MRSA isolates were resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, ampicillin and cefotaxime, and these isolates showed low resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin each (9.1%) and doxycycline (18.2%). However, these isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, gentamycin, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol. All MSSA isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin and 85.7% of isolates to cefotaxime, however, all isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, oxacillin and vancomycin. The differences in antimicrobial susceptibility between MRSA and MSSA isolates were highly statistically significant. Results of this study indicate that Staphylococcus aureus is the most important agent of bovine subclinical mastitis, isolates which have resistance to methicillin and produce biofilm have propensity to be multiple antibiotic resistant

Twenty fertilized eggs of pigeon (Columba livia) embryo were collected from localmarkets and pigeon breeders in Basrah governorate.They incubated in eggs incubator .The studycomprised histochemical description of mitochondria decreasing and increasing in it density infemur bone development of pigeon embryo (Columba livia ) which included appearance of themitochondria during the embryological stages. The study showed the mitochondria is spindle inshape and few in resting chondrocyte stage , while it was more in hypertrophy chondrocyte andmore density in ossification in osteoblast stage .The aim of this study is know the density ofmitochondria during the development of the femur bone of pigeon embryo.

This research was conducted to asses some macroscopical and microscopicalobservations of pituitary gland in guinea pig .Pitutary gland is considered as a complex endocrine gland , located at the base of thebrain where it lies in the sella turcica , a small deprission in the sphenoid bone .It is attached to the hypothalamic region of the brain by a narrow stalk . The glandsweight about ( 20 mg ) . microscopically it is composed of an epithelial component oradenohypophyis and a nervous component or neurohypophysis . The parancymal cellsof the pars distalis are the chromophilic cells . Pars intermedia consist ofchromophobic cells and basophilic cells . neurohypophysis has scattered pituicytesamong the nerve fibers .

The present research was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of twodifferent levels of Ground Olive leaves (5% and 10 %) in diet on levels of reproductivehormones like Testosterone , Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and LuteinizingHormone (LH) in male rabbits, twenty one male rabbits with body weight average 1-1.4 Kg and 4.5-5 months age have been bought from the local markets and theydivided randomly to three similar groups and fed on concentrate pellets diets withgreen roughage , the male Rabbits have been divided in 7 animals /group with equalweights. The 1st group (T1) control group was offered tap water and fed concentratepellets without ground olive leaves , The 2nd one (T2)(5% Ground Olive leaves / diet)offered tap water and fed concentrate pellets with 5% Ground Olive leaves /diet , whilethe 3rd one(T3)(10% ground Olive leaves)offered tap water and fed concentrate pelletswith 10% ground olive leaves /diet and the nutrition were been continuedalong 8weeks . In this study we measured the role of use ground Olive leaves in rabbits malediet on levels of hormones like testosterone, FSH,LH in blood along the period ofexperiment.The results showed decrease in Testosterone level in serum significantly(P<0.05) while a significant increase (P<0.05)in LH level occur and there is accountdifferences in FSH level that produced from pituitary gland.We concluded that the useof ground Olive leaves have impact on fertility of rabbits males throughit'sdisruption in biosynthesis or intervention with production of hormones in genital system of Rabbitsmale.

Local strain bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum IRQ12 isolated from cucumbersativuspickle registered in (GenBank LN871447) and another standard strain, IRQ12strain was mutated by UV light (254 nm) for (50 cm) distance for different periods 20,25, 30, 35 and 60 second, RAPD – PCR test was done to investigate the effect of UVlight onL.plantarum genes and determine the genetic distant. The ability ofstandard andlocal mutated bacteria to decrease the amount of cholesterol was determined in MRSbroth–EY mediawhich was (4.6 mg/ml), the cholesterol amount was decreased at 25swhich was0.35 mg/ml in a decreased percentage 92.3%, followed by 60s and 35s whichwere 0.43and 0.45mg/ml in a decreased percentage 90.6% and 90.2%, respectively.

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The study was designed to observed the anatomical features of the air sacs (Sacci pneumatici)inWhite Cheeked Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis) Ten healthy birds from white cheeked bulbul used,five birds extract the part of trachea and incision it after anaesthetized , then insert the cannulathrough trachea and injected the cold cure mixture for corrosion cast making. and macerated by 2%(KOH) for 4 days. and . Five birds used for imaging examination, barium sulphate suspension wereinjected via the trachea using plastic syringe, for radiographic procedure. The number of the airsacs in bulbul (nine) air sacs, cervical ,cranial and caudal thoracic and abdominal air sac , single airinterclavicular.The shaped and locations of these sacs described by using the cold cure corrosion cast andRadiological examinations.

A total of 313 Orbiculate batfishes Platax orbicularis were studied from the Iraqi marine watersat the shallow tip of the Arabian Gulf during the period from March to September 2015. Thisspecies is an omnivore (planktivorous) which migrate between surface and bottom for feedingactivity. Length –Weight relationship and growth rate were calculated for the 222 specimens.The highest growth rate calculated was 5.16 which occurred at length group 23-27cmequivalent to age group I+. The Iraqi marine waters were indicated as feeding ground but notspawning ground.

Zizyphusspina-christi has a common name in Iraq "Nabka",it has been used intraditional medicine.The present study was designed to elucidate the protective effect ofaqueous extract of ziziphusspina Christi on hepato and haematotxicity induced byparacetamol in adult male rabbits. Eighteen adult male rabbits were divided randomly into 3groups of 6 rabbits each and were treated for four weeks as follows:control group, second(T1) groupreceived orally (300 mg/kg B.W.) of paracetmoldailyand third (T2) Groupreceivedorally (200 mg/kg B.W.) of crude extraction of zizyphyusspinadaily with (300 mg /kg B.W.)of paracetmoldaily. The results indicated that paracetamol administration induced hepato andhaematotoxcity manifested by significant(P<0.05) elevation in liver enzymes (AST and ALT)and reduction in total protein and albumin concentration with significant (P<0.05)decrease inRBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCHC and Neutrophiles whereas it increase in WBC, MCV,Lymphocyte and monocytes as a compared with control group.On the other hand, animalstreatment with aqueous extract of zizyphusspinachristiin group T2 showed a significantameliorated in biochemical andhaematologicalparameters change induce by paracetamol.Itcould be concluded that oral administration of Zizyphusextract have hepatoprotectiveand antianemicrole agonist hepato and haematotoxicity induce by paracetamol.