Moringa Oleifera (MO) is a miracle plant of huge medical significance. It could be used to suppress the aggressiveness of various tumors as well as ameliorate the consequences of chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study; 49 albino rats were used to evaluate the effect of MO nanoparticles (MONPs) in DMBA-induced breast cancer rats (BC-induced) treated with doxorubicin (DOX). Cardiotoxicity, antioxidant markers, and protein profile were evaluated. Serum and mammary glands samples were collected for both biochemical and histopathological examinations. Rats were classified into control and BC-induced rats. The last group was further divided into 6 groups to evaluate the synergistic and prophylactic effects of MONPs. There was a significant reduction in the levels of tumor, and cardiotoxicity markers with a significant increase in the antioxidants/oxidants and proteins profile in BC-induced rats treated synergistically or/and prophylactically with MONPs and DOX. In conclusion, the prophylactic use of MONPs and synergistic use of MONPs and DOX induced a magnificent resistance against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin and ameliorated the aggressiveness of breast cancer as well as the oxidative stress induced in rats.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most serious diseases counted for economic loss and extensive usage of antibiotics in cattle. Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, has been approved for use in cattle in the United States. This study was done to investigate the clinical effect of ceftiofur on calves as well as its efficacy and safety for treating BRD. Thirty Holstein calves from a dairy farm were divided into three groups. Group I served as a health control group. Group II consisted of healthy animals while Group III comprised calves clinically diagnosed with BRD. Both groups II and III received a single subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur (2mg/kg B.W) in the ear. All groups were clinically evaluated at day 0, 7, and 14 after drug administration for illness score, body weight, body gain, feed intake, body temperature, depression score, discharges, ear and coughing score. Clinical illness score showed clear signs of BRD (elevation of body temperature and depression). Nasal and ocular discharges were recorded and ranked. Significant increases in ear and coughing score were observed in diseased calves.

In Egypt, ostrich farming has had a great increase during the last few years. The most common problems facing ostrich farmers are a high percentage of late embryonic mortality and low hatchability. This study was designed to survey the main causes of late in-shell ostrich embryonic death. A total of 100 freshly dead shell ostrich embryos, all of them were in the second half of the incubation period with different ages ranging from 25 to 39 days old, were received during the breeding seasons of the period from October 2018- October 2021, from different ostrich farms in Egypt, suffered from late-stage embryonic death during artificial incubation, respiratory signs and diarrhea in breeders, moreover, the surveyed ostrich farms were near to chicken farms suffered from Newcastle Disease outbreaks. Gross findings in all embryos were recorded as anasarca, severe general congestion, and hemorrhages. In this study, 66 dead shell ostrich embryos out of 100 (66%) were immunohistochemically positive for Newcastle Disease Virus. Four Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus strains (genotype VIIb) were molecularly characterized in 4 immune-positive ND embryos (from 4 different ostrich farms in 4 different Egyptian governorates) by RT-PCR and F gene sequencing. In addition, all embryos were negative for bacterial isolation except for one vNDV positive embryo (1%) (25 days old) that was superinfected by Citrobacter spp. The main histopathological lesions of vNDV-positive ostrich embryos were general edema, extensive congested blood vessels, hemorrhages, necrosis, syncytial cells formation in the upper respiratory tract, and leukocytic cells infiltrations. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of the Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus that immunohistochemically and molecularly characterized dead ostrich embryos in Egypt, therefore, Newcastle Disease Virus vaccination of ostrich breeders is strongly recommended.

The purpose of the current investigation is to determine how soy isoflavone (ISF) and genistein (GS) affects oxidative stress, IL1-ß and PPARγ signaling pathways in liver of obese rats and how this pathway is involved in controlling the formation of hepatic fat. The study included 60 male Sprague Dawley rats that were allocated to six groups (n = 10rats) :(I) Fatty liver was induced in rats were daily fed  (60% fat energy, high fat diet (HFD)) for 12 weeks ; (II) (Fatty liver + ISF group)  rats were daily fed with HFD and 10 mg/Kg ISF  intragastrical for 12 weeks ;(III) (Fatty liver + GS group)  rats were given HFD and 16 mg/Kg GS in 0.1%  DMSO once daily by intragastric tube for 12 weeks; (IV) (Normal control group) rats were fed with normal balanced diet for 12 weeks; (V)(Normal diet + ISF group) rats were fed with normal diet and 10 mg/Kg ISF  intragastrical for 12 weeks; (VI) (Normal diet + GS group)  rats were fed with normal diet and 16 mg/Kg GS for 12 weeks. All rats allowed water whereas rats got HFD were accompanied by 18% sucrose solution freely. Also, weight was measured weekly. At the end of the experiments lipid profile and liver function were analyzed. Moreover, the levels of MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH, and the gene expression of IL1-ß and PPARγ genes were detected.  Our study showed that fat content was significantly lowered in the liver of ISF and GS  -fed obese rats, accompanied by a reduction in hepatocellular vacuolation when compared to the fatty liver control. In ISF and GS fatty liver treated groups SOD, CAT and GSH activities were significantly increased in comparison to the Fatty liver untreated group in addition to that MDA level decreased in ISF and GS groups.IL1-ß expression and PPARγ expressions was dowenregulated in Fatty liver  + ISF and  Fatty liver+  GS treated rats when compared with Fatty liver one,however the results in Fatty liver+  GS treated rats was significantly Improved over ISF +  Fatty liver.Genistein administration alleviated fatty liver  through the down-regulation of PPARγ and IL-1 β  and up-regulation the activity of oxidative stress marker ( SOD , CAT and GSH).

Cats are the only definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) that shed millions of un-sporulated oocysts. The current study aimed at evaluating the serological and histopathological potential ratio of T. gondii oocysts shedding and re-shedding kittens. Blood and fecal samples collected from fifty-seven un-weaned kittens from various districts of Cairo Governorate, Egypt. All kittens serologically screened for T. gondii using the Latex agglutination test (LAT), and fecal materials inspected daily for oocysts. Only proven seronegative un-shedding kittens employed in the three experimental re-shedding studies using the three T. gondii strain types II, III, and I with the third trial focusing on the ability of re-shedding with corticosteroid therapy.  One kitten corresponding to each type sacrificed for histo-pathological assay and IgM/IgG serum antibodies recorded along the trials course using ELISA. The overall sero-negative percentage was 59.7%, with 35.1 and 24.6% in shedding and un-shedding ones respectively. The shedding number of oocysts /100 mg/feces scored (7, 5 and 3); (30, 15 and 7); (20, 10 and 5) corresponding and sequence to the three T. gondii strain types I, II and III respectively. In addition, the average IgM/IgG ELISA titers recorded significance variations sequence to the three strain types. Corticosteroids therapy stimulates re-shedding ability for the third time. The findings concluded that kittens shed oocysts at a high rate; regard shedding and re-shedding qualities as a critical component in developing oocyst-borne human and animal toxoplasmosis effects. Strong protection against vaccinated cats are required, as is close interaction between cats and farm animals.

The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic relatedness between Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from pet animals and human. In that context, 561 swabs were collected from dogs (n=238) and cats (n=323). In addition, 30 MRSA positive isolates from Qasr Elainy hospital, from different patients were also included. The collected samples were subjected for bacteriological examination for isolation of S. aureus. The recovered S. aureus isolates that were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin were tested for the presence of mecA, mecC, spa, and nuc genes by PCR, followed by a sequence analysis of the mecA gene in seven selected isolates. Out of 238 swab samples collected from dogs and 323 swab samples collected from cats, 13 (5.46%) and 8 (2.48%) isolates respectively were confirmed to be MRSA.  In addition, the 30 human isolates were all categorized as MRSA. The mecA gene was successfully identified in all isolates from dogs, cats and human, while spa was harbored by 13, 4 and 30 isolates from dogs, cats and human respectively. Furthermore 13, 4 and 23 isolates from dogs, cats and human were positive for the nuc gene. mecC was not identified from all examined isolates. The phylogenetic analysis of the mecA gene sequence in seven selected MRSA isolates demonstrated a high degree of similarity among isolates originating from dogs, cats, and humans. This study confirms the zoonotic spread of S. aureus and suggests that dogs and cats are probably contributing to the spread of MRSA to human.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the potential pathogens in pet animals and has public health hazards worldwide. This project aimed to investigate the frequency of MRSA in pet animals and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered strains as well as to determine the isolates genetic relatedness using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Out of the 270 swab (nostril, mouth, and abscess swabs) samples collected from veterinary clinics and shelters in Mansoura city, Egypt, 64 (23.7%) S. aureus isolates (49/224; 21.8 % from cats and 15/46; 32.6% from dogs) were identified. Among them, 40.6% (26 /64) were confirmed to be MRSA and 59.4% (38/64) were identified as MSSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed the highest resistance rates of MRSA isolates to penicillin (100%), oxacillin (100%), followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (92%), cefotaxime (92.4%), kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline (84.6%; 22/26 each), and lower resistance to vancomycin (38.5%).  Furthermore, MSSA isolates showed moderate resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (52.6%), followed by sulfamethoxazole trimethoprime (26.3%). Multi drug resistant (MDR) was found in all MRSA isolates (100%; 26/26) and the most identified antimicrobial resistance patterns was P, AMC, OX, CTX, TE, S, K. A total of 26 identified MRSA strains were divided into 22 ERIC-PCR groupings (A-V) that were categorized into two clusters, ERIC cluster I and ERIC cluster II. Among them, the most common ERIC type (11.5%) was ERIC A. The significance of multidrug resistance MRSA to public health needs continuous testing of antimicrobial medications against MRSA isolates. Also, ERIC PCR demonstrate promising typing that might be conveniently employed on a regular basis to study the genotypic alterations of MRSA, particularly in pets.

Countering the antibiotics excessive use by the exploitation of promising immunostimulants alternatives is a trending strategy in modern animal husbandry. This research assessed the impact of novel dietary symbiotic supply at different levels on growing rabbits’ performance. Forty-five New Zealand White rabbits (aged seven weeks, weighing 1075 ± 9.78 g) were randomly allotted to five groups. Rabbits were fed the basal diet as control and the other groups supplemented with synbiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae along with β-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharide) at an inclusion level of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg diet for 6 weeks. Results indicated that synbiotic addition increased the feed intake (p=0.01), enhanced the growth performance and feed conversion ratio (linear, p≤0.001; quadratic, p≤0.002) with the 0.5 g/kg diet level being the most effective. The synbiotic supply increased the serum total protein and albumin (quadratic, p≤0.024) as well as lipase and amylase (linear, p<0.001; quadratic, p=0.001), while decreased alanine-aminotransferase, urea, triglycerides, and glucose (quadratic, p≤0.023) as well as cortisol (linear, p<0.001; quadratic, p≤0.001). The concentrations of immunoglobulin-G, immunoglobulin-M, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count increased (linear, p≤0.001) and white blood cells decreased (linear, p<0.001) by the synbiotic inclusion. The hot carcass weight and the percentages of dressing, and carcass cuts were increased (quadratic, p≤0.02) in which the 0.5 g/kg diet level was better. Taken together, the current dietary synbiotic supplementation of 0.5 g/kg diet could pave the way for promoting the rabbits’ growth and health status, thus, it is advisable to utilize these findings in the husbandry of rabbits under commercial production conditions.

Gentamicin (GEN) is considered an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is widely used to treat numerous bacterial infections. It has toxic effect on liver tissue. Curcumin (CMN) is a natural polyphenolic compound with antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory potentials. The current study sought to investigate the effect of CMN in protecting against GEN-induced hematological alterations and hepatotoxicity. Rats were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: Control, gentamicin group (100 mg/kg b.wt, i.p, daily for seven days), curcumin group (200 mg/kg b.wt, orally for 21 days) and curcumin plus gentamicin group. After 21 days, some hematological and serum biochemical parameters were measured. GEN-intoxicated group showed a marked decline in RBCs count, Hb concentration as well as PCV% with insignificant difference in MCV, MCH and MCHC. Moreover, there were leukopenia, lymphopenia and neutrophilia in GEN group. Concerning to the serum biochemical examination, a substantial increase in the serum activities of ALT, AST and ALP with a marked decline in the total protein, albumin and globulin serum levels were recorded following GEN injection. In addition, there was a marked increase in the cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose serum levels. Improvement in all tested parameters were noticed following concurrent CMN administration with GEN. Based on these results, CMN could be recommended as a treatment strategy for protection against GEN-induced hematological alterations and hepatic injury.

This work aimed at determination of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of S. aureus species and investigating the presence of the enterotoxins (SEA and SEB) in the obtained isolates in consumed Egyptian ice cream. Thirty ice cream samples were obtained from many ice cream shops, dairy shops, supermarkets and local markets from different localities at Mansoura city. Samples were spread on Baird Parker selective agar media for bacterial isolation. The isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing and resistance genes. S. aureus was detected in 60% (18 out of 30) of ice cream samples with a minimum and maximum count of 4x102 and 1.5x107 CFU/g, respectively. Furthermore, 4 isolates (22%) out of the total isolates (n=18) were positive for nuc gene. Of these positive isolates, one isolate (25%) was positive for mec A and sea genes, while seb was not detected. The AMR profile of molecularly positive nuc gene S. aureus isolates revealed that the highest resistance was against ampicillin, cefazolin, Cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefepime, azithromycin and amoxycillin- clavulanic acid (100%) followed by gentamicin and erythromycin (75%), and imipenem, tetracycline and clindamycin (50%). No resistance was found to sulphamethazone-trimethoprim, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, vancomycin and linezolid. Our results showed that 100% of the molecularly positive nuc gene isolates was methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 50% was inducible clindamycin resistant S. aureus (ICRSA). The MRSA and ICRSA are potential risks for health. Poor hygienic measures with ice cream manufacture may lead to contamination of ice cream with highly resistant enterotoxigenic S. aureus.