The present work includes morphological and radiological studies of the salivary gland , saliva is the mixed secretion of these gland the secretion of saliva in ruminants is continuous ,it has been moistest oral mucosa, provide medium for dissolved food and control bacterial flora of the oral cavity , the aim of present work to report more detailed information about the salivary gland and duct in cattle which may be help in both anatomy and surgery aspect, for value impartment can easily removal all salivary gland tissue during surgical operation, the large salivary ducts occasionally cannulated to remove obstructions or to inject a contrast medium for radiographic examination and to be able to palpate the parotid and mandibular salivary gland and different the mandibular salivary gland from lymph nodes ,to be able to trace the ducts of the salivary glands and palpate the parotid duct in the cheek of cattle , to be extirpate the mandibular and monostomac sublingual salivary glands . Collected from (6) fresh preserved heads were used in this study, there were equally divided into two groups : first group to study of shape ,position and relation of major salivary gland also study the morphology of the minor salivary gland and second group study morphological and radio graphical of parotid , mandibular and sublingual duct in cattle.The study revealed that the three major paired salivary glands(parotid ,mandibular and sublingual gland ) in addition four minor salivary glands ( buccal ,lingual ,palatine and labial gland ) into the oral cavity and oropharynx in cattle the mandibular gland ,unlike that of other domestic animals , the mandibular salivary gland is larger than the parotid ,distinctly lobulated and lies in the curve along the medial side of the angle of the mandible and which divides into superficial and deep loop, is easily palpate in the inter mandibular space, the duct open in the sublingual caruncle , the parotid gland has been described having (5) processes ( three superficial and two deep ) ,sublingual gland this is smallest of the major salivary gland , sometimes consists of two parts (compact and diffuse ) it is the almond shaped gland lies deep to the floor of mouth ,un like the parotid and mandibular gland the sublingual gland has no true facial capsule also it has a single duct.Un like the major salivary gland, the minor salivary gland lack a branching network of draining ducts , buccal glands are well developed and arranged in three groups (dorsal, middle and ventral )in cattle , the lingual gland are small lobules under the mucosa and embedded in the musculature, the caudal third of the hard palate is not ridged and bears numerous orifice of the palatine gland ,the labial glands a compact mass near the angle of the mouth , the most commonly occurred radiological findings using surface landmarks parotid duct lies mid way between the facial tubercle and corner of the mouth ,the ducts of the mandibular and compact (monostomatic) sublingual glands open on the floor of the mouth at the sublingual caruncle, they run below the mucous membrane that connects the side of the tongue with the gums.

Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia spp.) was detected in 132(70 Iranian,32 Turkish and 30 local breed)calves (10-14 months old) and 18 dairy cows of local breed (3-5 years old). Animals were brought to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul –Iraq from different farms of Mosul city-Iraq, with clinical signs of fever(40-41C0),anorexia ,emaciation, decrease of milk yield in dairy cows ,paleness of mucous membrane, lymph node enlargement and ticks were detected on different body regions .All blood and buffy coat smears of calves were positive for morula like structures inside the cytoplasm of neutrophils , lymphocytes and monocytes when staining by Giemsa and Wright stains. For all animals , the appearance of Ehrlichia spp. Organisms in leukocytes coincided with erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia and a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration. For eighteen dairy cows, Ehrlichia spp. organisms were identified in leukocytes of blood and milk samples. This is apparently the first evidence for Ehrlichia spp. infection in cattle in Iraq. In conclusion, the present study documents that Ehrlichia infection exists in Mosul-Iraq and indicates that the bacterium has been present but unnoticed in the area .Further investigation will be needed in order to characterize different species of Ehrlichia infection in cattle, and explain the role of vector and imported animals in introduction of the disease to our country

The developmental study of adrenal gland has been done on the local rabbit fetuses and neonate, which including a morphological and histological description of the adrenal gland. The study revealed that the differentiation of the adrenal gland began in the rabbit between twenty two and twenty four days from pregnancy as adrenal cortex and medulla and relatively completed it is histologically pictures at twelve days old. Also the study showedthat the adrenal cortex composed of three zones: zonaglomerulosa or the zonaarcuata , the zona fasciculate and the zonareticularisglomerulus, whilethe medulla have dark and light cells.The purpose of our study was to provide a more complete quantitive description of the histomorphology of the adrenal gland in rabbits during prenatal and postnatalperiods.

The results of this study showed that the liver of coot bird fulica atra is closely resample to the liver of fowl that it lies in the ventral part of the body cavity and seems red-brown in color and divided into two lobes, right and left . Histologically the liver of coot bird enclosed by thin capsule of connective tissue that continue to subdivided the liver into lobules . The hepatocyte which arranged radially around the central vein as hepatocord in two cells thickness . These cells are polygonal in shape and have rounded nucleus and there is present of sinusoids between hepatocords which lined by flattened endothelial cells .

The objective of the present study were to evaluate hemogram, acute phase response, acid base balance and blood gas analysis in newborn calves infected with Theileria annulata . The study was conducted on 55 local newborn calves (male and female), 1-9 days old. The study was carried out in Mosul , Iraq. Forty five newborn calves were infected with Theileria annulata. and Ten clinically normal calves served as controls. Diseased calves showed sings of fever ,unilateral or bilateral visible swelling of superficial lymph nodes. pronounced upward bulging of temporal fossa, outward bulge of conjunctivae with exophthalmos, paleness and/or icteric mucus membranes with petechial hemorrhages on the conjunctiva, lacrimation, dyspnea and depression. There was a significant reduction in the mean values of erythrocytes count, Hb and PCV,in diseased newborn calves infected with Theileria annulata and anemia was of Macrocytic hypochromic type. The percentage of hemoparasitism (parasitemia) ranged between (3-18%) with a mean of (11.88%). Results also indicated significant increase in total leukocytes count as results of significant increase lymphocytes. Diagnosis of Theileriosis were confirmed by microscopical examination of Giemsa stained lymph node aspirate and peripheral blood smears. Results were also showed significant decrease in blood pH,Pco2,Bicarbonate, Base access and Oxygen saturation percent(So2) ,However significant increase in Anion gab was found and Titritional metabolic acidosis were indicated. Moreover results show significant decrease in haptoglobin and fibrinogen in diseased newborns calves than in controls.It have been concluded that Theileria annulata infection in newborn calves resulting in serious effects and health deterioration, leading to substantial significant economic losses

The present study was carridaed of normal skin of local dogs canins lupus familiaris age of animals was ( 8 -24 mounths). The range and distribution of collagen fibers was studed. The results showed that the posterior limbs recorded the highest values for distribution and thickness compare with abdomen region. Also the results confirmed that the orientations of collagen fibers were variations between the regions because of stress factors.

This study to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF) at a rate of 2.5 and 5 ppm on liver histopathological appearance of local quails.sixty quail chicks at one day old randomly divided into two pen replicates of ten chicks each were assigned to each of three dietary treatments. 1) basal diet containing no AF/kg diet (control); 2) basal diet supplemented with 2.5 ppm diet and 3) basal diet supplemented with 5 ppm diet. The chicks were individually weighed on a weekly basis, feed consumption and body weight gain were recorded weekly. The trial period was 5 weeks and quails were maintained on 24-h continuous light schedule and ad libitum access to diets and water. Feeding Aflatoxin to quails included liver fatty changes, necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia and aggregation of lymphocyte . The intensity of these changes were increased with increasing AF level in the diet. The results indicated that local quails are sensitive to AF

ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﻫﻭ (Piper cubeba) ﺔﺑﺎﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻧ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﻟ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﺮﻴﻀﺤﺗ ﻢﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻪﻳﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﺗ .ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺍﺫﻹﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺩﺭﺎﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﻣﻭ ﻲﻣﺭﻮﻓﺭﻮﻠﻛﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﻴﺳﺍﻭ ﻲﻟﻮﺤﻛ ﻮﻤﻧ ﻂﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻴﺘﻜﺑ ﺪﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻢﺗ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻛ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍﻭ Pseudomonas aeruginosa ﻭ Escherichia coli ﻡﺍﺮﻛ ﺔﻐﺒﺼﻟ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﻨﺛﺍ ﺎﻳﺮﻴﺘﻜﺑ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻅﺍ Staphylococcus aureus ﻲﻫﻭ ﻡﺍﺮﻛ ﺔﻐﺒﺼﻟ ﺔﺒﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻣﺭﻮﻓﺭﻮﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﻴﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻟﻮﻧﺎﺜﻳﻻﺍ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﻀﻓﻻﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺚﻴﺣ ، ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻗ ﺎﻳﺮﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ًﺎﻄﺒﺜﻣ ﻭ E.coli ﺎﻳﺮﺘﻜﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺋﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ S. aureus ﺎﻳﺮﺘﻜﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﺿ ﻲﺋﺎﻤﻟﺍﻭ In this study extracts of Piper cubeba fruit were prepared using mechanical method. These extracts include alcoholic, acetonic, chloroformic and water extract. The chemical composition of each extracts were analyzed also. After that the antibacterial activity of these extracts were tested against gram negative (G-) Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram positive (G+) Staphylococcus aureus. All extracts show antibacterial activity on these bacteria, but ethanol and acetone extracts were show the best antibacterial activity S. aureus, followed by chloroform extract and then water extract, on the other hand water extract showed inhibition activity against E.coli and P. aeruginosae followed by ethanol, acetone and chloroform extract. MIC was determined for each extracts against the three pathogenic bacterial strain.

Bovine trichomoniasis is a venereal disease of cattle caused by the protozoan Trichomonas fetus . The study based on collection and diagnosis 200 samples of preputial wash from bulls that send to the Al-Tuaisa slaughter house in Basrah private by made a slide smear stained with Gemza stain . The study starts at 2011 and extend to 2012 . The result shows that the percentage of infection in bulls that slaughtered in a slaughter house of Basrah private was 2% .

The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological lesions in the liver,kidney and lung sections in rats with sepsis that experimentally induced by cecal ligation and puncture CLP procedure to induce intra-abdominal infection. It was found that CLP models leads to higher mortality rate comparisons to sham-operated and un– operated animals. Also there were severe lesions in the liver , kidney and lung of rats with sepsis , characterized by severe massive necrosis in hepatic cells , while the histopathological changes in kidney of CLP rats revealed severe glomerulonehritis with infiltration of inflammatory cells , in lung , severe interstitial and bronchial pneumonia , with presence of severe thickening of blood vessel wall with thrombi . In conclusion, the results of this study have demonstrated that CLP induces high mortality rate , an acute systemic septic state with multiple organ dysfunction especially the Liver , kidney and Lung based on histopathological observations . These features were not observed in sham - operated or un-operated rats .