The study were conducted on 31 local female buffaloes breeds ,In basrah –Iraq ,during the period from 2010 – 2013 , 6 – 15 years old, among these 21 local femalebuffaloes breeds show signs of recurrent tympany one to two months after parturition,and 10 clinically healthy local female buffaloes breeds were served as controls ,moreover living status and kind of forage was archived before and after parturition ,nevertheless almost cases were not respond to the classical treatment when it given by theowners. Results of ruminal histopathological examination after rumenatomy indicatedrumenitis , ruminal adhesions and keratosis of rumeinal wall . It have been concluded thatchanging to holly concentrated food in late stage of the pregnancy might considered asthe important cause of frothy tympany.

The present work is designed to anatomical, histological and histochemical studyof the proventriculus of common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus). Thirty adultcommon moorhen which obtained from a commercial market of (Al Basra city) wereused in this study, and the work conducted at veterinary medicine collage –universityof Basra. The anatomical study revealed that the proventriculus of common moorhenwas tubular in shape with average mean of its length and width (20.00±.7906mm),(10.48±.1.53194mm) respectively. The internal surface of the proventriculuswas smooth and raising no papilla. The proventriculus connect with esophaguscranially and with muscular stomach caudally, It lies essentially in the vertical plane.The histological study showed that the proventriculus of common moorhen consist offour tunics (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa).The mucosal layer ofcharacterized by branched longitudinal folds (villi) lined by simple columnarepithelium, the sub mucosal layers manifested by presence of compound tubularglands which was arranged in pyramidal or conical shape (adenomere), whilemuscularis externa consist of two layers longitudinal inner and outer layer wascircular. The tunica serosa composed of loose connective tissue covered bymesothelum. The statistic analysis revealed that the average lengths of villi andadenomere were (74.50 ±14.72mm), ( 107.63±45.81mm) respectively, while theaverage width of villi, tunica sub mucosa, adenomere, muscularis externa and serosawere (8.75±2.36 mm), (143.12±30.37mm), (85.62±54.76mm), (22.12±6.29mm),(2.50±.00mm) respectively. The histochemical study of proventriculus showed thatthe carbohydrate have positive reaction with shiff reagent in the surface epithelium sub mucosal glands, tunica muscularis and serosa. While the glycogen granulesdistributed in the epithelium, around the sub mucosal glands and in tunica muscularis

A mixed viral infection of Newcastle Disease (ND), Marek’s Disease (MD) and Avian Leukosis (AL) was reported in village chickens. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the F protein cleavage site of ND virus showed that the isolate was virulent with sequence KRRKR for the C-terminus of the F2 protein and phenylanine (F) at residue 117, the N-terminus of the F1 protein. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis showed the isolate was ND which was 96% similar identity with Indonesia Sukorejo genotype VII, MD 99% similar identity with China very virulent strain and ALV 100% similar identity with Taiwan ALV strain. Due to the free ranging type of management, causes of the diseases in the poultry were uncertain as many factors can contribute to the disease occurrence. However, good hygiene practices can help to improve the farm’s sanitary. Basic biosecurity system can be applied although the success may be limited. Vaccination is another alternative that can be considered to prevent the diseases with the help from certain parties.

Traceability system for livestock is an important infrastructurenecessary to monitor animal health, animal disease emergencies and quality assurance. The aim of this study was to evaluate farmer and trader willingness to use and pay for an animal identification and traceability system in Peninsular Malaysia. Data was obtained from aquestionnaire that was completed by 543 farmers and traders from the 10 states in the peninsula. Our results show that up to 54% respondents were willing to use and pay for an animal identification and traceability system. Gender and the length of experience of farmers and traders were factors significantly associated with theoutcome of this study. Female farmers and traders were less willing to use and pay for an animal identification and traceability system while farmers and traders with more experience in the cattle industrywere significantly more likely to provide a favourable response.