Penaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp) is the most extensively farmed among the crustaceans globally. Disease is the major impeding factor in the commercial culture of P vannamei undertaken in freshwater, brackish and marine aquaculture systems. In this study, P. vannamei samples were collected from a commercial shrimp farm at Tiruvallur district, Tamilnadu that has reported black gill disease. The clinical symptoms observed in the shrimp were melanized black gills, reduced feeding, surfacing and mortality in the early morning. Samples of gills were collected aspectically and diagnosed for bacterial Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND); viral diseases viz., Gill Associated Virus (GAV), White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Yellow Head Virus (YHV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and fungal infections by conventional diagnostic methods and PCR following confirmation by nucleotide sequencing. The results of the study showed that P. vannamei infected with black gill disease had multiple infections with fungus, Aspergillus niger and virus WSSV.

Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen DRB3 (BoLA-DRB3), a gene of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has received attention because this is considered to be a potential genetic marker associated with disease resistance traits in cattle. Hence, a study was taken up to characterize BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles in the 60 Ongole animals. The most common alleles observed in Ongole cattle was *15 and *6 with frequency of 0.225 and 0.200, respectively. Of the 22 identified alleles detedted, these 7 allleles (BoLA-DRB3.2*15,*6,*12,*13,*23, *31 and *47) represented 77.5 percent of allelic frequencies. Result indicated that the BoLADRB3 exon 2 was highly polymorphic in Ongole cattle. Direct sequencing BoLA-DRB3.2 allele reveled that at nucleotide at position 91 and 133 of the sequence had both A and G nucleotides in contrast to T nucleotide of Bos taurus breed and the variations leads to different band pattern in gels.

A survey was conducted to assess the breeder production performance in Aseel breeding farms. Aseel birds had multicolored plumage with solid feather patterns distributed all over the body. Pea combs, strawberry and single comb were observed in the population. Birds were housed in layer shed with the ratio 1 male for 8 female. Age at first egg was  recorded as 139±1.94 days. Average cumulative egg production up to 120 weeks per bird was 160.59±0.59 with the 77% hatchability. Percentage hen day egg production for Aseel was 29.72±1.60 and the effective population size (Ne) ranged from 352.94 to 4781.16 and the overall mean Ne in the Aseel population was 2086.59±148.35 with the rate of inbreeding 0.0003.

A Study on the comaprative efficancy of two types of serial collapasible fish traps differning   rear end funnel opening was carried out. With respect to Type-1 trap having rectangular rear end funnel opening and Type-2 trap with elliptical rear end were fabricated. The experiment was carried out in fishing ground one nautical mile off  the coast of mandatam (Lat 09 degree 16.633 'N  long .. 0.79 degree 08.992 ') Feb 2015 to june 2015. significant differnce wasobserved with respect to catch rate of different species caught irrespective of the design of traps (Plt;0.05). The difference in shape of rear funnel opening was found to be responsible for the significant difference in the catch rear funnel opening was about 3 times higher catch rate of Type-1 trap with rectangular rear funnel opening was about three times higher (17.1 Nos/ soaking day) than that of Type-2 trap with elliptical shaped rear funnel opening (5.9 Nos./ soaking day). The impact of seasonal variation on the catch rate was found to be insignificant (Pgt; 0.05). Though Psammoperca waigensis was found to be the dominant specices in both  types of traps in terms of number, Epinephalus coioides ranked first in term  of weight and price per kilogram in both Type-1 and Type-2 traps. Irrespective of the types of traps tested, the higher catch rate, including all the species caught, and was observed during the month of February which directly increased the overall catch rate during February month. With respect to the behavior of different species caught in relation to the types of traps tested, Sarcocendrum rubrum was recorded only in Type-1 trap which had rectangular shaped rear funnel opening and Muraena sp was recorded only in Type-2 trap with elliptical shaped rear end of the funnel opening which served like a burrow and hence facilitated the entry of eel. Type -1 trap gave three times higher gross returns than Type-2 trap.

A Seven - month old female Kankrej calf was presented to Large Animal Clinics - Out-Patient - Medicine Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai, with the history of recurrent tympany for two months with scanty dung with a pasty consistency. Onclinical examination of the animal, bilateral distension of the abdomen was noticed. Haematobiochemistry revealed neutrophilia with leucocytosis and significantly elevated Gamma-Glutamyl-Transferase values. In radiography, no change in the silhouette of reticulum could be appreciated other than a mild bronchial pattern. Ultrasonography revealed an anechoic encapsulated cavity with echogenic internal spots of the reticular wall. Based on these findings, the calf was diagnosed with an abscess in the reticulum. Accordingly, the abscess was drained and the animal was treated with antibiotics and supportive therapy and the animal recovered uneventfully.

Trazodone is a commonly used medication in the United States for the treatment of anxiety in dogs.This article is intended to bring awareness among small animal veterinary practitioners of India about trazodone and its potential uses in the treatment of post-operative hyperactivity, noise phobia, separation anxiety and aggressive behavior.

The present study was conducted with the aim of establishing the basic data about gross morphometric measurements in lactating and non-lactating (n=15 each) adult Tellicherry she-goats. These goats had two mammary glands (right and left halves) divided by an inter mammary groove and each had a single teat. Udder circumference and inter teat distance differed between lactating and non-lactating animals. Udder length (UL) width of right (R­UW) and left (L-UW) quarter, right and left teat length, teat diameter at base (TDB), teat diameter at tip (TDT), Teatto floor distance (TFD) and teat end floor distance (TEFD), right and left teat diameter at base (TDB), right and left teat diameter at tip (TDT) did not differ between lactating and non-lactating Tellicherry she-goats.

Prostate gland is the accessory sex gland found in dog. The gland was collected from apparently healthy six sexually mature dogs. The prostate gland was bilobed exocrine gland. Histologically, the prostate gland consisted of stroma and parenchyma. The stroma consisted of capsule, septa and interstitial connective tissue. Parenchyma was enclosed by a thick capsule with outer thin fibrous and inner thick fibromuscular layer. The capsule contained blood vessels, myelinated nerve fibres and nerve ending like meissner’s corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle. Fibromuscular septa entered the parenchyma and divided it into lobes and lobules of different shapes and sizes. Paraenchyma of the prostate gland was consisted of glandular portion and collecting ducts. The gland was compound tubuloalveolar in type. Parenchyma of prostate gland was divided into lobules with many glandular follicles. The glandular follicles showed two zones namely outer and inner zones. The glandular follicles were lined by simple columnar epithelium with oval dark staining nucleus at the basal part and eosinophilic staining part apically. The duct system was ordered into tertiary, secondary and primary ducts. The secretory glandular portion entered into the tertiary duct, to secondary duct and finally to the primary duct. The primary duct then opened into prostratic sinus. The primary, secondary and tertiary collecting ducts and prostratic sinus were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium and stratified cuboidal epithelium. The prostatic urethra were lined by transitional epithelium.

This paper investigates the shelf life of mother’s milk at refrigerated storage (5˚C) processed by pulsed electric field technology (PEF), which is one of the novel, non–thermal methods of processing. Mother’s milk was processed using PEF technology by applying voltage gradient 35kV with different treatment times (3000 μs and 4500 μs). The processed samples were collected in sterile bottles and stored at 5˚C. The physico – chemical parameters (pH and acidity) of the PEF treated samples were analyzed at regular intervals and the results were compared with the pasteurized (62.5°C for 30 minutes) mother’s milk samples. Mean value for pH and acidity (ºD) was observed as 6.8±0.07 and 5.84±0.48 respectively during the 19th day of storage at 5ºC when the samples were treated at 35kV with a PEF treatment time of 4500 μs (T2). For pasteurized samples, mean value for pH and acidity (ºD) was observed as 6.75±0.09 and 6.17±0.61 respectively during the 7th day of storage at 5ºC. The results revealed that PEF treated samples stored at 5ºC remained shelf stable for 19 days whereas pasteurized milk samples stored at 5ºC remained shelf stable for 7 days.

The present study was aimed at studying the effect of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on vital characteristics of canine spermatozoa when compared to semen extended with egg yolk (EY). Sixteen dogs aged between 2-6 years with body condition score of 4-5 on a scale of 0-9 were selected. Semen was collected by digital manipulation and was subjected to pre freeze evaluation. After pre freeze evaluation semen was diluted and cryopreserved by conventional method. Post-thaw evaluation at 24 h revealed highly significant differences in mean percentages of progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential between the semen extended with 20 per cent EY and 8 per cent LDL. However, no significant difference was observed in the mean percentage of sperms showing DNA integrity between the semen extended with 20 per cent EY and 8 per cent LDL at 24 hours post-thaw. This might be due to the detrimental effects of EY on spermatozoa during the process of cryopreservation. It was concluded that LDL has beneficial effects and minimizes the damages caused to spermatozoa during cryopreservation.