In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined of a dose of input and efficiency of feeding with rape oil cake and protein meal produced on the basis of a new rape (Brassica napus) variety Yavar as a part of a mixed fodder KR-2 in diets of young stock of cattle. Rape oil cake and protein meal with the content of 1,4-1,9% glucosinolates and 27-30 mcM per 1 kg of a dry matter of erucidic acid can be included into composition of the mixed fodder КR-2 for bull calves in a dose up to 20% on weight. Feeding with the mixed fodders КR-2 with inclusion of rape oil cake and protein meal made it possible to receive daily average weight gain of calves at a level of 827-906 gram at expenses of forages of 5,4-5,9 forage units per 1 kilogram of a weight gain. It was caused by cheaper rape forages. In course of the study there was analyzed the chemical composition of rape oil cake and protein meal; indexes of rumen digestion of experimental bull calves; morphological and biochemical blood structure; changes of body weight; daily average weight gain and expenses for forages.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the genetic structure of population of breeding boars, sows, replacement and crossbred stores in accordance with RYR1 gene which was connected with stress resistance. Also, there was analyzed the influence of genetic polymorphism of this gene on meat productivity. In course of the study there was presented a genetic structure of breeds according to gene loci RYR1. There was analyzed the frequency of occurrence of alleles and genotypes in accodance with gene loci RYR1 of breeding boars and replacement stores of different lines. There were showed the indexes of meat productivity and acid capacity of purebred and crossbred stores with different RYR1 gene genotypes. As a result of study there was revealed a rather high level of presence of allele RYR**n in all sex and age specific groups of Belarusian meaty breed (21%) and crossbred stores of Large white x Belarusian meaty breeds (40%). But in the experimental group of three-breed cross breeds (Large white x Belarusian meaty) x Duroc there was not stated the presence of allele of malignant hyperthermia. High level of RYR**n allele presence in populations of meaty breeds and their crossbreeds proved the necessity of obligatory genetic control of pedigree as well as imported animals by means of DNA diagnostic.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized comparative evaluation of chemical composition and nutritive value of silages produced on the basis of millet (Panicum) and maize (Zea mays), their productive action and economic efficiency of ensilage fodders in diets of young stock of cattle. Data of chemical analysis showed the benefits of millet silage. The content of crude protein, crude fat, carotene, calcium and phosphorous was higher in millet silage. The analogous situation was in the analysis of biochemical indexes and energy value of dry matter. As a result of application of millet silage in diets of young stock of cattle made it possible to obtain 3,7 kg of body weight gain, while the expenses of forage per 1 kilogram of of weight gain lowered on 0,34 centner of fodder units, or 3,6%. Prime cost of 1 centner of fodder units in a diet in experimental group was on 57,3% lower than in a control one. Thus, use of millet silage in diets of heifers made it possible to lower the cost of fodders per 1 kilogram of weight gain on 63,2%, and prime cost of 1 kilogram of weight gain – on 19,8%.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the influence of experimental feed mixtures on the basis of humid preserved grain (conserved rolled grain of triticale; barley (Hordeum vulgare); oat (Avena sativa)) and protein, mineral and vitamin supplement (contains rape (Brassica napus) extraction cake; wheat bran; premix PKR-2; chalk; forage phosphate) on digestibility and metabolism of nutritive elements by young stock of cattle. There were presented recipes of the developed experimental feed mixtures and studied their influence on consumption and digestibility of nutritive elements of diets, metabolism of nitrogenous substances, calcium, phosphorous, as well as on hematological indexes. The proposed mixed fodders contained metabolizable energy; dry matter; crude protein; digestible protein; crude fat; fibre; starch; sugars; calcium; phosphorous; magnesium; potassium; sulphur; iron; copper; zinc; cobalt; manganese. In course of the study there was analyzed the consumption of the main nutritive elements; coefficients of their digestibility; nitrogen balance; balance of calcium and phosphorous; morphological and biochemical blood indexes.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the influence of multi-enzymatic veterinary drug preparations Vitazim (contained a complex of enzymes of carbohydrases: xilanase; cellulose; beta-glucanase) and Ehkosim (universal multi-enzymatic complex: beta-glucanase; endo-xilase; and cellulase) on microbial composition of intestinal bacterial population. Research was realized by an example of layer hens of four-linear cross Highsex white at the age of 34-51 weeks. Regimens of administration of the analyzed preparations were presented. Research results showed promoted the development of the regenerative process of physiological media in intestines of poultry which was necessary for subsisting of normal flora of pathogenic bacteria. The studied preparations Vitazim and Ehkosim can be applied for the preventive treatment and therapy of intestinal dysbacteriosis, normalization of its microbial flora, as well as for the antibacterial therapy.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the pathology and biology of cattle capillariasis. Capillariosis invasion rendered a substantial invasion on blood morphological composition which was revealed in lowering of erythrocytes and hematoglobulin, as well as in increasing of leukocytes quantity. There was noted the lowering of the natural resistance and immune reactivity. There were stated substantial deviations in protein metabolism which was expressed in lowering of total protein, quantity of albumins, changing of albumin and globulin coefficient, increasing of globulins. In the conditions of blood biochemical analysis of infesrated animals there was stated a disorder of vitamin and mineral metabolism; increasing of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes activity. Development of Capillaria bovis was realized in a direct line. In the natural habitat development of Capillaria bovis eggs varied from two up to three months.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed data on studying the species specificity of anatomic and topographic characteristics of the most important component of neuroimmunoendocrine system providing body homeostasis - thymus gland of 5-6 year-old European beavers (Myocastor coypus). As a result of studies taking into consideration the sexual dimorphism there was formed a database of morphometric indexes characterizing the degree of development of left and right lobes of thymus gland of European beavers, as well as to reveal their species-specific anatomic and topographic characteristics correlating with processes typical for age-specific and accidental involution.

Influence of inorganic and organic salts of lithium on activity of amplifiers and concentration of metabolites in plasma of chicken blood in the process of vaccination against infectious bursal disease was studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. After administration of lithium of citrate, sulfate and succinate there were noted the metabolic disorders. Research results testified that a dry live-viral vaccine on the basis of a strain KMIEhV-61 did not render essential influence on biochemical indicators of blood plasma. At the same time, immunization of chickens against application of salts of lithium (carbonate, sulphate, citrate, succinate) caused to authentic decrease in activity of alanine aminotransferase that testified to function oppression of hepatocytes. Application of lithium of citrate, sulfate and succinate made it possible to considerably increase the concentration of uric acid that was connected, apparently, with infringement of secretory function of kidneys. Metabolic disorders were observed in various terms of research - at 3, 7 and 14 days after vaccine administration. | Изучено влияние неорганических и органических солей лития на активность индикаторных ферментов и концентрацию метаболитов в плазме крови цыплят при вакцинации против инфекционной бурсальной болезни (ИББ). Выявлены метаболические нарушения при использовании лития цитрата, сульфата и сукцината. Полученные результаты исследований свидетельствуют о том, что сухая живая вирус-вакцина из штамма КМИЭВ-61 не оказывает существенного влияния на биохимические показатели плазмы крови. В то же время иммунизация цыплят на фоне применения солей лития (карбонат, сульфат, цитрат, сукцинат) приводит к достоверному снижению активности АлТ, что свидетельствует об угнетении функции гепатоцитов. Применение лития цитрата, сульфата и сукцината способствует также достоверному повышению концентрации мочевой кислоты, что связано, по-видимому, с нарушением выделительной функции почек. Метаболические нарушения наблюдаются в различные сроки исследований - на 3, 7 и 14 дни после введения вакцины.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus by means of application of a scanning electron microscopy there was realized a morphological assessment of the efficiency of mono- and associated antiviral vaccines. It is shown, that analyzed biological preparations invoke in poultry a number of structural disorders among which it is possible to mention both immunomorphological changes, and pathomorphological processes. The highest reactogenicity was showed by of monovaccines against infectious bronchitis (produced by Research Institute of Animal Protection, Russia); infectious laryngotracheitis (Institute of Experimental Veterinary of S.N.Vyshelesskij, Belarus); and also an associated vaccine against infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease (Research Institute of Animal Protection, Russia). These vaccines caused essential structural disorders in tissues at a place of administration, liver and kidneys. Administration of the vaccine against infectious bursal disease and associated vaccines against infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, infectious laryngotracheitis and Newcastle disease (Institute of Experimental Veterinary of S.N.Vyshelesskij) strengthened the processes of lymphatization in fabricic bursa. All studied biological products caused activization of morphological reorganization of immune apparatus of a spleen and did not render essential influence on thymus structure. | С использованием сканирующей электронной микроскопии проведена морфологическая оценка эффективности моно- и ассоциированных противовирусных вакцин. Показано, что указанные биопрепараты вызывают в организме птиц ряд структурных нарушений, среди которых можно выделить как иммуноморфологические изменения, так и патоморфологические процессы. Наибольшую реактогенность проявляли моновакцины против инфекционного бронхита кур (ФГУ ВНИИЗЖ, Россия), инфекционного ларинготрахеита (ИЭВ им. С.Н. Вышелесского), а также ассоциированная вакцина против ИБК, инфекционной бурсальной болезни и болезни Ньюкасла (ФГУ ВНИИЗЖ, Россия), которые вызывали существенные структурные нарушения в ткани на месте введения, печени и почках. Использование вакцины против ИББ и ассоциированной вакцины против ИБК, ИББ, ИЛТ и БН (ИЭВ им. С.Н. Вышелесского) усиливало процессы лимфатизации в фабрициевой бурсе. Все изучаемые биопрепараты вызывали активизацию морфологической перестройки иммунного аппарата селезенки и не оказывали существенного влияния на структуру тимуса.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a morphological analysis of pectoral and leg muscles of broiler chickens of cross Cobb-500 in the process of administration of metabolic activator Catosal. Research results showed the positive influence of catosal on the myogenesis: diameter of muscle fiber, the amount of bigger diameter muscles fibers in the first order strand and homogeneity of muscle strands. Under the influence of Catosal preparation there was stated the increasing of the amount of muscle tissue in pectoral and leg parts of chicken carcass. | Приведены данные морфологических исследований грудных и ножных мышц цыплят-бройлеров кросса Кобб-500 при применении активатора метаболизма катозал. Установлено, что катозал активизирует миогенез за счет увеличения диаметра мышечных волокон, содержания в пучках первого порядка мышечных волокон большей толщины, а также большей однородности мышечных пусков. Под действием препарата происходит увеличение содержания мышечной ткани как в грудной части тушки, так и в окороках.