Seventy five samples were collected from human teeth of ages about (25-65)years from both sex . Several type of bacteria were diagnosed namely Staphylococcus .aurous (33.33%), E. coli (13.33%) , and Staphylococcus epidermis (22.66%) . Syzygium aromaticum crud extract were used as two type grinding and non-grinding .The minimum concentration of grinding type was( 0.6-2.6) mg/ml and the minimum concentration of non-grinding type was (0.533-2.1) mg/ml that inhibit bacterial growth of S .aurous and E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test was applied using discs diffusion method , the sensitivity was (92%) for Staph. aurous toward Kanamycin (K), and (80%) for E.coli toward Ciprofloxacin(Cip).The results showed that the resistance of Staph. aurous was 18(72)% toward Metromidazol(MET) , 22(88)% toward Bacitracin (B), E. coli was 8(80%) toward Streptomycin(S). The phagocytosis test or phagocytosis activity also included in this study.

One hundred eight nasal swabs and blood samples from respiratory tract infected animals 66 from sheep and 52 from goats were collected from different sites of Basrah province during a period from December 2012 to April 2013 for isolation and identification of the Pasteurella multocida according to PCR assay . Nasal swabs and blood samples were directly cultured on proper media, then five colonies from the agar plate of suspected P. multocida cultures were used for extracted DNA and, further used for Polymerase chain reaction PCR . PCR was carried out for amplified the PMOut gene on the previously extracted P. multocida DNA . The best amplification of PMOut gene was observed at 45°C annealing temperature . Under these optimal conditions, the expected fragment of 219bp of PMOut gene was successfully amplified. On the other hand , the distinct amplification with a molecular length of 219bp was obtained in 56 positive PCR samples (37 from sheep with distribution rate 56% and 19 from goats with distribution rate 36.5% ). The PCR results of the PMOut gene was found to be potentially a useful method for identification of P. multocida infections.

A two months Toxicologicl pathology study of sulfonamide in domestic pigeons by oral intubation were done. The study was done at two dosage levels as intermediate 40mg/kg and high 80mg/kg with untreated control as third group. Clinical observation of treated birds did not show significant changes only the birds appeared to be quite after dosing for short time. Grossly, no obvious changes could be detected. Microscopically, Showed histopathological changes in pigeons represent of nephrotoxic effects characterized by degenerate and/or dilated cortical tubules in intermediate while, high dose groups appeared glomerular atrophy some with dilated Bowmans space, the severity of the changes were higher in the high dose group. In liver, peri portal and septal fibrosis in treated groups, some with parenchymal foci of inflammatory cell and vaculation of hepatocytes, while in pancreas, there was degenerate vacuolated islets of Langerhans in both treated groups, also in brain vacuolation of neurons and vacuoltion of nerve fiber in white matter of spinal cord. The severity of all above changes were higher in high dose than intermediate dose. Finally , the present study showed that domestic pigeons can tolerate varying toxic levels of sulfonamide with no mortality.

Plastination of nervous tissue has become a very important tool in teaching neuroanatomy. Also, plastinated nervous specimens can be used to study the anatomical relations in clinics right before surgical operations. The aim of using plastinated models is to increase knowledge, understanding as well as imagination of students about the complex anatomical parts of the central nervous system. The plastinated anatomical teaching model of Medulla spinalis, Plexus brachialis, Plexus lumbosacralis and Cauda equina of goat displays a clear morphology that corresponds qualitatively to the actual cadaver specimens. Apparently healthy four goats (ten months age) from native breed were used. Goats were subjected to silicone S10 plastination technique. Prior to plastination, the goat was prepared by injected via I/V by Xylazine Hcl (0.01mg/kg), cutting Arteria carotis communis for complete bleeding, and injected via the latter artery with 10% formalized solution then immersed in the same solution for at least four weeks. Medulla spinalis and attached peripheral nerves, Plexus brachialis, Plexus lumbosacral and Cauda equina were dissected. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the teaching of the neuroanatomy of the goat in our department. Particularly, Medulla spinalis, Nervi cervicales, Plexus brachialis, Nervi thoracici, Plexus lumbosacralis and Cauda equina were selected as learning models in special unit in the department and provide a plastinated model to study the anatomy of this system. Understanding of the astudents but also for veterinary doctors while undertaking surgery on that plexuses and nerves.anatomy of the nervous system is important not only for veterinary

To investigate the antihyperglycemic potent of thymoquinone (TQ), this study has been conducted in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.Diabetes was induced by single injection with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). Rat ≥ 200 mg/dl of blood glucose was used as diabetic.Sixty five adult male rats (aged 56 days and weighted 138±8.8g) were divided into five groups, non-diabetic control (were drenched with drinking water) and four diabetic groups(DM, TQ50,TQ100, and DMI) were drenched with drinking water,TQ (50 mg/kg, bw), TQ (100 mg/kg, bw), and injected with insulin (4 IU/animal), respectively, for 42 days. During the experiment,body weight gains were recorded and blood samples were obtained weekly for assessment of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. TQ treated male rats showed normal activity and body health throughout the experiment. Significant decrease of body weight gain has been recorded in untreated diabetic (DM) and insulin treated diabetic (DMI) groups as compared with that of intact control (C) and TQ treated diabetic (TQ50 and TQ100) groups, started from the fourth day of experiment, while DM group registered the lowest body weight gain among the experimental groups. Results of blood glucose concentrations referred to significant elevation in diabetic groups as compared with intact control. While in comparison between the diabetic groups, blood glucose concentration decreased significantly TQ50, TQ100, and DMI groups compared with DMI group. It has been found that insulin treated (DMI) and TQ treated (TQ50 and TQ100) male rats recorded no significant difference in serum insulin concentration when compared with each other but they were significantly lower than that of intact control male rats (C), but the average means of these four groups were significantly higher than that of non-treated diabetic male rats (DM).These changes were time dependent during the studied experimental period. It can be concluded that drenching of 100 mg/kg of TQ has potent hypoglycemic effect in experimentally-induced diabetic male rats.

The objective of the work was to study Electrocardiography in normal doges and in dogs treated with intravenous furosemide for 14 days. In present study eight dogs in different sex and two years age used ,serum potassium level determined using commercial kit and ECG evaluate twice daily pre and post furosemide use . ECG tracing compared in the two groups (treated and control) . when serum k + reach (4.4 mEq/ L ±1.044) at day four from starting , and in the last five days of treatment the mean of serum potassium reach (3.2 m Eq /L ± 0.504 ). the electrocardiographic changes shows features of hypokalemia T inversion or flatting of T wave in limb leads (I,II,III),avl, avf and most of the chest leads .

The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the level of the some minerals (sodium, potassium and calcium) in the soil, forage and sheep serum, the specimens were 1 Kg of soil and forage and 10 blood samples taken from each district (Nasriya and Shatra) in Thi-Qar province. The results show that significant (p≤0.05) increase in the sheep serum sodium concentration in Nasriya region (44.21±14.9) Mmol/L compared with the Shatra (34.84±6.61) Mmol/L, while the potassium concentration in sheep serum appeared a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in Nasriya district (6.23±1.00) Mmol/L compared with Shatra(13.16±2.42) Mmol/L but there is no significance (p≤0.05) change found in sheep serum calcium between the two studied areas in Nasryia was (0.40±0.12) Mg/dl but Shatra was (0.24±0.05) Mg/dl. The sodium level in the forages is high but not significant(p≤0.05) in the Nasriya(0.369±0.101)when compared with Shatra(0.321±0.011) g/Kg The potassium in forages is higher in Nasriya (0.411±0.011) g/Kg but not significant (p≤0.05) when compared with Shatra (0.255±0.011) g/Kg Calcium of forage was decreased in Nasryia (0.136±0.012) g/Kg but in Shatra was (0.355±0.044) g/Kg with no significancy (p≤0.05). In soil sodium of Nasryia is high (0.942±0.051) g/Kg but not significant (p≤0.05) and in Shatra was (0.887±0.032) g/Kg, the potassium in soil of Nasryia was (0.418±0.023) g/Kg but not significant (p≤0.05) and in Shatra was(0.424±0.022) g/Kg Calcium is higher in Nasriya soil (0.602±0.043) g/Kg but lower in soil of Shatra was (0.657±0.048) g/Kg with no significancy (p≤0.05).

This study revealed the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parasite by using 120 fecal sample from wild pigeons in Baghdad city during the period Jounuary2013 to December 2013. The total infection rate was 40% [48/120] which divided in to 38.18% [21/55]in males and 41.53%[27/65] in females. A high infection rate 76.66% [23/30] was recorded in winter season, while a low infection rate 16.66%[5/30] was found in Autumn. The three Cryptosporidium species oocysts were detected varied from small (Cryptosporidium meleagridis ) , medium ( Cryptosporidium baileyi ) and large size( Cryptosporidium galli ).

The present study was carried out to detect histopathologic lesions in different rat organs after chronic exposure to formaldehyde vapor. Forty adult albino Wistar rats were used in this experiment. Animals were divided into two groups; Control group (n=10; 5 males and 5 females) which were not exposed to formaldehyde at all, while the remainders regarded as the experimental group (exposed to formaldehyde for 21 days, n=30; 15 males and 15 females). The histopathologic examination in our study revealed several changes in exposed group such as; chronic tracheitis, squamous metaplasia of lining epithelium and tracheal glands with occurrence dysplasia in the lining epithelium, interstitial pneumonia, hydropic degeneration in the hepatocytes, epidermal hyperplasia, interstitial glomerulonephritis with atrophy of glomeruli. We concluded that the overexposure of formaldehyde produced lesions in different organs but their toxic effects were seen predominantly in respiratory system.

The aim of this study was induce oestrus during anoestrus season and compare the efficiency of (FGA) sponges in combination with either (PMSG) or cloprostenol in inducing and synchronizing the oestrus cycle in Iraqi ewes .A total of 40 ewes used in this experiment . All ewes treated with a vaginal sponge containing 20 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) inserted into the vagina of the ewes for 14 days. All animals were divided into four groups randomly, each group contained 10 ewes. Group1 was a control group received (FGA+ normal saline), group 2 received (FGA+PGF2α) , group 3 received (FGA+PMSG) , group 4 received (FGA+PMSG+PGF2α). Statistical analysis of estrus response reveals significant differences (P˂0.05) between control group and treated groups (group 1, 70%; group 2, 100%; group3, 100%) respectively. Pregnancy, Lambing rate and litter size were not significant differences between the treatment groups and the control group (p˂0.05). These result indicate that (FGA +PGF2α ; FGA +PMSG ; FGA+PMSG+PGF2α) were better than control group in oestrus response , in spite of significant differences was no found in pregnancy rate , lambing rate and litter size