In this study, the protective effects of silymarin (SLY) against valproic acid (VPA) induced pancreatic damage were investigated using histological and biochemical parameters in rats. The experiment was performed with 21 Sprague Dawley male rats. Rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 control; group 2 VPA; group 3 VPA + SLY. 1 mL saline to the control group; VPA group, 500 mg / kg / day VPA; VPA + SLY group 500 mg / kg / day VPA and 100 mg / kg / day SLY were administered via gavage. Serum amylase and lipase levels increased with VPA application were reversed with SLY application. In addition, with VPA application, malondialdehyde (MDA) increased and glutathione (GSH) levels reduced in pancreatic tissue. This situation was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) suppressed with the application of SLY. Histopathological changes (acinar cell degeneration, hemorrhage, infiltration, necrosis and shrinkage in langerhans islets) in the pancreas. Reaktif oxygene species (ROS) and histopathological changes decreased and antioxidant activity increased in VPA + SLY group compared to VPA group. The results obtained in this study; SLY can protect against VPA-induced pancreatic damage and can also be a pharmacological agent with therapeutic properties.

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the treatment of long bone fractures of cats and dogs by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), guided by radiological and walking-weight bearing criteria. For this purpose, 6 dogs and 1 cat, were operated according to MIPO procedures. After general anesthesia with butorphanol-propofol-sevoflurane, the fragments were aligned with closed reduction, and a MIPO plate was placed periostally via the created soft tissue tunnel. Fracture healing was assessed postoperatively at 0, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days by radiographic examination and walking-weight bearing scales. From the controls made on the 14th day, it was observed that all the cases could walk. The average time for radiographic union of 7 cases were found to be 47.42 (±4.98) days. As a result, MIPO technique was considered to be an alternative to traditional -open- plate osteosynthesis methods in the treatment fractures of cats and dogs.

The purpose of this study is to identify the general profiles of female veterinarians in economic life and to determine the status of their professional performances. A survey study was conducted with 110 women out of 511 women who are engaged in veterinary clinic management businesses in Turkey. In the survey, it was determined that female veterinarians who performed clinic management businesses worked at an average of 9.91 hours on weekdays, and that 79% of them predominantly had pets in their clinics, and regarding that, pet clinic management was being carried out. In the interviews, it was determined that, the highest incomes in clinics were received from vaccination-drug revenues, examination-treatment, and operations; depending on the city that the clinic is located and whether there are pets or not. In the study conducted, it was determined that the average monthly incomes of the clinic enterprises belonging to female veterinarians were $ 1.917 and the average monthly profits were $ 868. As a result, it is thought that, female veterinarians’ participation in supplementary vocational training activities, and improving their managerial skills by focusing on customer satisfaction and advertising activities, will help to solve problems in the professional life.

Three isolates of Ehrlichia ruminantium (Kümm 2, Omatjenne and Riverside), the causative agent of heartwater in domestic ruminants, were isolated in Ixodes scapularis (IDE8) tick cell cultures using the leukocyte fraction of infected sheep blood. All stocks were successfully propagated in IDE8 cells, whereas initiation attempts using endothelial cell cultures were unsuccessful. Therefore, the new technique should be included in any attempt to isolate field strains of E. ruminantium to enhance the probability of getting E. ruminantium isolates which might not be initiated in endothelial cells. Draft genome sequences of all three isolates were generated and compared with published genomes. The data confirmed previous phylogenetic studies that these three isolates are genetically very close to each other, but distinct from previously characterised E. ruminantium isolates. Genome comparisons indicated that the gene content and genomic synteny were highly conserved, with the exception of the membrane protein families. These findings expand our understanding of the genetic diversity of E. ruminantium and confirm the distinct phenotypic and genetic characteristics shared by these three isolates.

The study was conducted to determine the occurrence and distribution patterns of diseases of goat in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of January 2018 to December 2018. Materials and Methods: A total of 452 goats were recorded during the study period. The diseases were diagnosed based on clinical signs, patient owners complain and laboratory findings. The prevalence was measured according to season and age of the goats which were studied. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test and P-value was calculated by using SPSS 25 for windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).Results: In this study, 381 (84.29%) goats were found to be diseased from 452 visited goats at Central veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dhaka. The highest prevalence was found with worm infestation (31.42%) followed by PPR (13.72%), miscellaneous (ruminal acidosis, disuria, repeat breeding) (12.16%), pneumonia (10.18%), dermatitis (4.20%), enteritis (3.76%), urolithiasis (3.09%), bloat (2.65%), mastitis (1.55%), tetanus (1.11%) and protozoal diseases (0.44%). Rainy season represented the highest (86.11%) prevalence of goat diseases followed by winter season (82.85%) and summer season (82.44%). PPR was significantly (p<0.05) more prevalent in winter season than other two seasons. In this study, Goats had significantly higher (p<0.01) prevalence of worm infestation in the summer season (29.00%) and the rainy season (39.35%) and in all three (0-12 months, 13-24 months and >24 months) age groups with 21.64%, 45.06%, and 32.20% respectively. Prevalence of mastitis was lowest in 0-12 months (0.43%) and 13-24 months (0.62%) age group but the prevalence of tetanus was lowest in above 24 months (1.69%) age group.These findings will help to know about age-wise and season wise variation of different diseases of goat in this area and will help to execute proper preventive measures against those diseases.