The aim of the present study was to standardize and evaluate and acceptance of Japanese quail egg pickle. A simple, cost-effective and efficient technology need to be developed for pickling of Japanese quail eggs for storage at ambient temperature and marketing it in a ready-to-eat form for at least 6 months. Results on sensory evaluation revealed that highly acceptable nutrient rich Japanese quail egg pickle prepared by soaking in citric acid solution was superior than those made from other trials and recorded highest sensory score of 8.0. Storage study showed that the pickles stored in both food grade pouches and glass bottles could be stored up to six months. Training programmes were organized to demonstrate Japanese quail egg pickle production among farmers, farm women and SHG women. Feedback of the farmers and SHG showed that the Japanese quail egg pickles was tasty and can be used as side dish for any food item, easy to prepare and market. A case study on a successful entrepreneur showed that Japanese quail egg pickle had a good demand among the people suffering from respiratory problems. The pickle was sold as 200g bottle with a profit margin of 40 per cent. Developed Japanese quail egg pickles are also sold in 200 g bottle at the KVK Rural mart with FSSAI license and labeling.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, OIE notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats. PPR is enzootic in India as a greater number of outbreaks have occurred in the past and now occurring regularly round the year and throughout the country. The PPR outbreaks in sheep and goats have declined in some of the Indian states Viz., Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Chhattisgarh after implementing the strategic mass vaccination campaigns. The decreased number of outbreaks, as well as changes in the disease severity patterns and distribution, might be due to the effectiveness of the vaccine, timely vaccination, and most importantly effective implementation of the vaccination strategic plan. This review is focused upon the overall understanding of the National PPR Control Programme (PPR -CP) and its strategies vaccination implantation in India for the control and eradication of PPR. 

On post-mortem examination helminthic worms were collected from the intestine of a backyard native chicken in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu during the month of November 2020. These helminths were identified as Ascaridia galli, Raillietina echinobothrida and Heterakis gallinarum. Mixed helminthic infection was confirmed and documented in backyard native chicken in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu. These worms are responsible for severe morbidity and indirect economical losses to the farmers. Periodical deworming will be useful to control the worm load in native desi chickens.

A case of dystocia due to Schistosomus reflexus fetal monster in a Jersey crossbred cow and its per vaginal delivery through fetotomy is reported in this communication. A five years old, full term pregnant Jersey crossbred cow in her third parity was presented with the history of straining and difficulty in parturition for the past eight hours. Per vaginal examination revealed fully dilated cervix and the fetus with exposed visceral organs and ankylosed limbs. Based on the obstetrical examination, the case was diagnosed as dystocia due to fetal monster. By performing fetotomy, a Schistosomus reflexus fetal monster was successfully delivered per vaginum.

By-products of fruits possess antioxidant polyphenols, anti-mutagenic, cardio preventive and antiviral activities. The consumers are aware of the health benefits of nutraceutical foods and the demand for such foods is increasing in recent years. Orange peels are rich in flavanones, powerful antioxidants that help to reduce oxidative damage and fight free radicals. Hence, an attempt was made to develop a value added ice cream with orange peel. Orange peel powder was incorporated in ice cream at varying levels viz. 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 per cent. Based on texture, sensory attributes and physio-chemical properties, sensory evaluation of the product revealed that incorporation of orange peel powder at 2.5% level found to be acceptable.

The challenges faced by India in achieving the food and nutritional security to the fast growing population need a concerted approach for growth of livestock sector. Various forecasting models like combinations of ARIMA models and Exponential Smoothing models like Simple, Holt, Brown and Damped trend were used to identify the growth patterns and to predict the future trends in livestock and poultry production in India. Time series data on milk production from 1950-51 to 2017-18 were used to forecast the milk production in India up to 2050-51. Brown Exponential Smoothing was the best fit model for forecasting of milk production in India. The forecast obtained showed that milk production would increase to 207.57, 311.86, 416.16 and 520.45 MT respectively during 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51 from 121.80 MT during the year 2010-11. ARIMA (0,1,1) was the best fit model for forecasting meat and wool production, the forecasted values of meat production showed that meat production would increase from 1.08 MT in 2000-01 to 5.18, 7.63, 10.07 and 12.52 MT, respectively during 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51. Wool production would increase appreciably over years with a production of 46.26, 52.06, 58.59 and 65.17 million kg, respectively during the years 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51 from 43.00 million kg in 2010-11. The Brown Exponential Smoothing model was the best fit model for forecasting egg production in India. The forecasted values obtained from the best fitted Brown ES was 103341.99, 144374.02, 185406.04 and 222334.86 million numbers during the years 2020-21, 2030-31, 2040-41 and 2050-51, respectively.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) genome consists of 10 segmented double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA). Of these, genome segment 2 (Seg-2), which encodes outer capsid protein VP2 is the primary determinant of virus serotype. In the present study, partial VP2 gene of KRL2/2017 (BTV-16) isolate collected from Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh was amplified to know the evolutionary relationship of this isolate with previously reported Indian and global BTV-16 isolates. Seg-2 sequence data of KRL2/2017, showed >98% nucleotide identity with other Indian isolates. Comparison of this isolate with BTV-16 isolates across the world, showed higher sequence homology to isolates of Japan followed by Greece and China than to those of isolates from South Africa, Italy, UK, Australia and Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis suggest that the isolate of the current study belong to eastern topotype similar to the viruses recovered from Japan, Greece and China reflecting their common eastern origin.

Proven scientific technologies related to the Animal Husbandry practices are generally demonstrated in the field for the benefit of the farmers. Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tiruchirappalli has conducted three frontline demonstration programmes (FLD) during the year 2015 - 2018. By these programmes, it is observed that farmers get benefitted economically. Twenty farmers were benefitted in the programme conducted in 2015-16 on the "Impact of TANUVAS mineral mixture on the milk yield of dairy cows". Mineral mixture supplementation improved the milk quality and milk quantity. Hence each farmer obtained additional improved returns of Rs.150/month/cow. In the year 2016-17 a programme on "Scientific intervention in to Improve Production Performance of Backyard native chicken" was conducted and four farmers were benefitted. They reported that the scientific technologies like TANUVAS desi chicken feed, deworming and vaccination demonstrated in this programme increased body weight gain, reduced mortality, increased egg production and improved hatchability. Each farmer profited Rs.500/- for 5 birds additionally. Six farmers participated and benefitted in the programmes conducted in 2017­18 on "Azolla pinnata as cattle feed supplement". Supplementation of azolla reduces the cost of production of milk and improves the milk quality. In this study it is observed that there was a reduction in cost of production of about Rs.2.50 / litre of milk Also there was an increase in returns of milk since improved quality of milk

The study was aimed at establishing the embryonic stem cells (ESC) like cell colonies from in-vitro produced buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) compact morula (CM). A total of 33 CM were subjected for zonalysis using pronase and embryonic cells were derived by three different methods viz., T 1: Intact CM; T 2: Disaggregation of CM by gentle pipetting and T3: Slicing of CM using Bard Parker blade. The efficiency of establishment of ESC-like cell colonies in the three groups were 66.7, 83.6 and 6.7 per cent respectively. There were no significant differences on the day of attachment and initiation of primary colony formation between T1 and T2 groups. However, the primary colonies established significantly earlier (Day 3.8) in T2 group than in T1 group (Day 4.8). In both the groups, the primary coloniesspread out vigorously exhibiting rapid proliferation rate. The ESC-like cell colonies of T1 and T2 groups survived upto four passages. Immunostaining of CM, primary and passaged ESC-like cell colonies revealed distribution of Oct-4 protein. The study demonstratedsuccessful establishment of ESC-like cell colonies from pipette dissociated blastomeres of in-vitro produced CM. 

Penaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp) is the most extensively farmed among the crustaceans globally. Disease is the major impeding factor in the commercial culture of P vannamei undertaken in freshwater, brackish and marine aquaculture systems. In this study, P. vannamei samples were collected from a commercial shrimp farm at Tiruvallur district, Tamilnadu that has reported black gill disease. The clinical symptoms observed in the shrimp were melanized black gills, reduced feeding, surfacing and mortality in the early morning. Samples of gills were collected aspectically and diagnosed for bacterial Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND); viral diseases viz., Gill Associated Virus (GAV), White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Yellow Head Virus (YHV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and fungal infections by conventional diagnostic methods and PCR following confirmation by nucleotide sequencing. The results of the study showed that P. vannamei infected with black gill disease had multiple infections with fungus, Aspergillus niger and virus WSSV.