The work purpose - search of indirect tests system for diagnostics of energy deficiency of sows, interrelation studying of energy deficiency, the states of sows health and their efficiency. As a result of the spent research it is established, that the energy deficient state develops in the final pregnant period at sows. At occurrence of the energy deficient state at sows adaptation disorders develop; the energy deficient state of sows are characterizing of decreasing in the blood concentration of glucose on 33,3%, triglycerides - on 69,2%, phospholipids - on 26,0% and simultaneous increase in concentration of lactic acid at 30,4% and ketone bodies - on 30,8%; development of the energy deficient state at sows leads to duration increase of guard rail on 48,3%, to increase in an issue of quantity of deadborn pigs in 8 times, physiologically unripe in 5,5 times, to decrease in weight of a nest on 8,6%; the revealed correlation interdependence of biochemical indicators of sow blood and their economic indicators allow to use content definition in glucose blood, triglycerides, phospholipids, lactic acid and ketone bodies as diagnostic markers of the energy deficient state. In the tabular form the indicators of carbohydrate and lipidic exchange in sow blood at diagnostics of the energy deficient state, some economic indicators of sows, correlation factors between economic indicators and results of biochemical research of sow blood are presented. | Цель работы - поиск системы косвенных тестов для диагностики энергодефицитов свиноматок, изучение взаимосвязи энергодефицитов, состояния здоровья свиноматок и их продуктивности были основными задачами нашей работы. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что в заключительный период супоросности у свиноматок развиваются энергодефицитные состояния. При возникновении энергодефицитных состояний у свиноматок возникают нарушения адаптации; энергодефицитные состояния у свиноматок проявляются снижением содержания в крови глюкозы на 33,3%, ТГ - на 69,2%, ФЛ - на 26,0% и одновременным увеличением концентраций МК на 30,4% и КТ - на 30,8%; развитие энергодефицита у свиноматок приводит к увеличению продолжительности опороса на 48,3%, увеличению в приплоде количества мертворождённых поросят в 8 раз, физиологически незрелых в 5,5 раза, снижению массы гнезда на 8,6%; выявленные корреляционные взаимозависимости биохимических показателей крови свиноматок и их хозяйственных показателей позволяют использовать определение содержания в крови глюкозы, ТГ, ФЛ, МК и КТ в качестве диагностических маркеров энергодефицитов. В табличной форме представлены показатели углеводного и липидного обмена в крови свиноматок при диагностике энергодефицита, некоторые хозяйственные показатели свиноматок, коэффициенты корреляции между хозяйственными показателями и результатами биохимических исследований крови свиноматок.

There were studied the biochemical indicators of blood of pregnant and milk cows; haemotological indicators, clinical display of disease and therapeutic efficiency of a new way of treatment of calves dyspepsia with use of an electroactive solution of anolit neutral. On the basis of the spent research it is possible to make the conclusion, that gastroenteric diseases at calves in the given economy have pluricausal character. The main etiological factors are: a metabolism disorder at cows-mothers and rough non-observance of technology of calve cultivation. Inclusion in the complex scheme of treatment of the calves with dyspepsia, the solution of anolit neutral promotes reduction of duration and weight of disease; anolit promotes normalization of metabolism, liver function, kidneys, adsorption processes from a gastroenteric path; use of anolit neutral treatment of dyspepsia in the complex scheme is economic. | Цель работы - изучение биохимических показателей крови стельных и дойных коров; изучение гематологических показателей, клинического проявления заболевания и терапевтической эффективности нового способа лечения диспепсии с использованием электроактивного раствора анолита нейтрального. На основании проведенных исследований можно сделать заключение, что желудочно-кишечные заболевания у телят в данном хозяйстве носят полиэтиологический характер. Ведущими этиологическими факторами являются: нарушение обмена веществ у коров-матерей и грубое несоблюдение технологии выращивания телят. Включение в комплексную схему лечения телят, больных диспепсией, раствора анолита нейтрального способствует сокращению сроков заболевания; анолит способствует нормализации обмена веществ, функции печени, почек, процессов всасывания из желудочно-кишечного тракта; использование анолита нейтрального в комплексной схеме лечения диспепсии, является экономически выгодным.

Data on studying of efficiency of application of immunobiological preparations on efficiency and other clinical and biochemical indicators for chickens-broilers are cited. It is established, that their application to chickens-broilers promotes increase of biological value of fowl as foodstuff and is economically expedient. Application of a preparation the Biococktail-NK in an optimum dose 0,1 - 0,2 ml/goal (10,0-20,0 million microbic bodies) has allowed to increase intensity of growth of chickens-broilers by 3,5%, to lower forage expenses for production of a gain of body weight of 1 kg on 4,95%, to raise safety of young growth of birds on 3,4 % and to lower a case of birds to 1,6% (technological norm of 5%). The carried out calculations have shown, that introduction of the Biococktail-NK in a ration of broilers is economically justified, as safety of young growth in 4th trial group has raised on 3,4%, in the third - on 2,5%, in the second - on 1,3%. On the basis of the spent research fowl of the delivered samples in which ration it was entered the probiotic Biococktail-NK from calculation 0,1 - 0,2 ml/goal (10,0-20,0 million microbic bodies) since daily age within the first 5 days into 4 cycles with an interval of 7 days till the end of the cultivation period is established, that on organoleptic, physical and chemical, bacteriological indicators, and also biological value and harmlessness does not concede to meat of control group and is good-quality. In the literature there are data about influence of biologically active substances on growth and development of bird. Despite it, about influence of probiotical and immunostimulatory preparations as separately, and in a complex with probiotics, on an organism of chickens-broilers it is not enough data that induces carrying out of scientific research in the given direction. Simultaneous use of probiotics on the basis of an intestinal stick in rations of chickens-broilers is the perspective directions. Proceeding from it, working out of new effective ways of increase of chickens-broilers efficiency with a view of reception of ecologically pure and safe products of poultry farming is actual for poultry-farming economy of Belarus.

Hepatospecific metabolic profile of blood serum in cattle with fat liver dystrophy has been studied. It has been stated that at this pathology the activity of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase hses; concentration of common cholesterol increases; lover indices of activity of cholinesterase, gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase and concentranion of serum albumin are observed. There was studied the hepatospecific metabolic profile of blood serum in cattle with fat liver dystrophy. The following biochemical indicators have been included: activity of some enzymes (alaninaminotransferase, aspartataminotransferase, gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase), concentration of common protein, serum albumin, common cholesterol and common bilirubin, and also colloidal-sedimentary tests (thymol turbidity test and test on apolipoproteins-b). At fat liver dystrophy the activity of aminotransferases increases, specifying on the cytolytic processes proceeding in hepatocytes. Authentic increase of alkaline phosphatase enzyme and concentration of common cholesterol at animals testifies about developed intrahepatic cholestasia. Decrease of cholinesterase activity, concentration of serum albumin and the tendency to fall of enzyme gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase at fat liver dystrophy specify in infringement of albuminous exchange - a lack of proteosynthetic liver functions. Thus, offered for research hepatospecific metabolic profile of blood serum in cattle with fat liver dystrophy reflects proceeding pathological processes in body. In the tabular form data on activity of hepatic dependent enzymes at cows with fat liver dystrophy in comparison with healthy nonpregnant animals, indicators of colloidal-sedimentary tests, concentration of common protein, serum albumin in blood serum of cows with fat liver dystrophy and at healthy nonpregnant animals are presented.

Determination of the optimum parameters of cattle embryos production in vitro from high-producing cows after their slaughter on a meat-packing plant was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Oocyte cumulus complexes of cows of black-motley breed and the conditions of their maturing were used as the object of experimental research. Oocyte cumulus complex were allocated with dissection of ovaries tissue placed into Hanks culture medium. The search and morphological estimation of quality of received oocyte cumulus complexes were realized by microscopic research. Then, the oocytes were placed into a culture medium for cell maturing in СО2-incubator at 38,5 deg C with the maximum humidity (98%), with presence of 5% СО2 under a layer of mineral oil for 24 hours. Matured oocytes were impregnated with the frozen-thawed sperm after capacitation. Oogenesis efficiency of production of pre-implantation germs in vitro was determined in accordance with the level of embryonic fission and production of viable germs. Use cumulus cells monolayer made it possible to increase the quantity of ripened oocytes on 5,2-5,7%, level of embryonic fission - on 14,0-14,6% and production of embryos - on 13,8-12,5% depending on a way of its production in comparison with groups of the cells which were cultivated without a monolayer. Thus, the research has shown the exploitability of use of cellular reproductive technologies in selection and breeding activities in cattle breeding. Their application in combination with embryo transplantation could make it possible to use the reproductive potential of high-priced oocyte donors more effectively for the genetic improvement of animal population efficiency

As a result of the realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus research on revealing the influence of polymorphism character and the influence of presence of various allelomorphic variants of IGF-2 gene in breeding boars genotype on fattening and carcass traits of stores of Belarusian large white and Belarusian meat breeds it was established: 1. frequency of occurrence of desired QQ genotype among boars of the Belarusian meat breed was rather low and has made 10%. Among boars of the Belarus large white breed the given genotype has not been revealed. Heterozygotic genotype Qq had a rather wide range - from 26,6% at boars of the Belarusian meat breed to 43,2% at boars of the Belarusian large white breed; 2. fattening boars of both studied breeds which had been received from the boars bearing in their genome Qq genotypes of IGF-2gene showed the tendency for predominance in fattening and carcass traits over their herdmates which had been received from the boars bearing in their genome qq genotypes; 3. The posterity of boars of the Belarusian meat breed bearing in their genome the homozygous QQ genotype, authentically surpassed in fattening and carcass traits their analogues which had been obtained from fathers with a genotype qq. The following traits were higher: age of achievement of body weight; daily average weight gain in case of fattening; feed expenses per unit of live weight gain; slaughter yield; weight of a back third of half carcass. Research results showed, that IGF2gene (a gene of the insulin-like growth factor) could be a perspective candidate gene which makes it possible to predict the growing capacity and carcass trait of pigs of Belarusian breeds. Taking into consideration the influence undesired q allele, for the increasing of fattening and carcass traits of pigs it was possible to recommend the realization of estimation of replacement boar pigs using the data analysis of their genotype of IGF2 gene, as additional criterion of their selection

For the first time in the Republic of Belarus there were developed the effective methods of marker-dependent selections directed towards increasing the performance traits and preventive measures of pig diseases of the Belarusian Large White breeds. Application of the presented techniques in practice made it possible to increase the multiple fetation of sows on 0,5-1,5 piglets, increase livability of stores on 1,1-5,7%, increase the average daily weight gain on 17g, lower feed expenses on 0,04 FU. In course of the realized studies there was studied the polymorphism of Ryr-1, ESR, E.Coli (ECR F 18) FUT 1 and IGF-2 genes, there was developed the efficient methods of marker-dependent selection. Research results showed that application of methods of molecular gene diagnostics proved to be economically feasible. In the conditions of rather low expenses for testing of boars and sows there was stated the considerable increases in economic efficiency of pork production. Creation of reserve populations with a desired genotype breed will make it possible to accelerate the breed-forming process

Determination of the optimal doses of selenium inclusion into premix structure for breeding boars for the maintenance of their higher producing capacity was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Selenium lack in boar rations caused the degenerative changes in seminal glands, low male germ cells concentration and lowering of spermatozoon motility, which subsequently decreased their producing efficiency. Research showed, that selenium inclusion in premix KS-1 structure in quantity of 30 mg per 1 kg in comparison with premix in 20 mg dose have improved the yielding productivity of mature boars: the average quantity of male germ cells per one ejaculate increased on 17,2%, the average quantity of born pigs from per one sow increased on 4,8%. The additional profit per one boar was on 6,06% higher than in control experiment

The increasing number of diseases with urogenital chlamydiosis became a serious problem for the modern veterinary science. The importance of urogenital clamidiosis in the infectious pathology of animals was presented by the direct multifocal affect of urogenital system and after-effects of a disease influencing the reproductive function, as well as the potential hazard of its transformation into a source of chlamydia infections of other localization. In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus the chlamydial endometritis of cattle in the majority of cases was associated with Staphylococcus aureus in 25,7% of cows. Chlamydial endometritis of cows was usually preceded by: embryotocia (9,9%), pathological calving (4,4%), retention of placenta (14,8%), subinvolution of uterus (27,1%). The biochemical tests in trial group showed the 23% decrease of carotin on twofold decrease vitamin A. In course of the immunologic studies it was established, that dilution of A class immunoglobulins was on 31% higher in animals of a trial group in comparison with the control group. The level of IgG immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M slightly differed between groups

Development of a new method of boar evaluation taking into account their beef-making and fattening qualities as well as their posterity viability for the further selection of the best ones and for the culling and ranking of the worst ones was realized in the conditions of a large pig-breeding complex of the Republic of Belarus. Scientific and economic experiment was realized at the JSC Sozh, Gomel region (Belarus) at the pig-breeding complex with 108 thousand livestock heads of annual fattening. At a finishing stage of sow hybridization the combinations of Large White х Landrace and Large White х the Belarusian Meaty breeds were inseminates by boars of 990 synthetic lines (N11151 and N11146), the Belarusian Meaty breed (N3495), Landraces of the Polish (N40, N37, N78) and German selection (N11262, N11263, N11266), and also by a hybrid boar of 990 lines х Petren (N11145). Sow insemination was realized in three technological groups. Sows were selected taking into account their breed, age and last productive ability in order to avoid inbreeding. At the same time, each boar was checked up on the breeding stock for identical quality. The final estimation of boars was stated at the stage of achievement by their posterity of selling weight (before sending to a meat processing plant). The offered method made it possible to get an objective comparative estimation of breeding characteristics of tested boars in the conditions of a complex