Japanese Encephalitis (JE), a vector-borne zoonotic viral disease, is mostly prevalent in Asian countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurence of JE virus (JEV) among pigs in East Sumba, Indonesia. Blood samples (n=52) were randomly collected from 52 apparantly healthy pigs where pig population was high in East Sumba. The samples were subjected for seroprevalence study for the presence of antibodies against JEV using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA). Results showed that 53% (n=28/52) blood samples from the pigs contained antibodies against JEV. This finding is suggestive that the JEV is circulating among pig population in East Sumba, Indonesia. The data may help in designing control strategies of the JEV in the East Sumba, Indonesia.

A case of gangrenous mastitis was surgically managed in a cross breed doe aging 3.5 years and weighing 25 kg at SA Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Confirmatory diagnosis of the case was done based on physical changes of udder, and identification of associated bacterial agents; two bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli could be isolated from the milk sample. Parenteral administration of combined antimicrobials (Gentamycin + Sulphadimidine + Trimethoprim) and concurrent intra-mammary infusion of antimicrobials (Streptomycin + Penicillin) along with supportive treatments for 7 days could not save the quarter rather the condition deteriorated. After performing the antibiogram of the isolated bacteria, only Ciprofloxacin was found to be sensitive. Mastectomy was done, and together with supportive medicine, Ciprofloxacin (dosed at 10 mg/kg body weight) was given intramuscularly as antimicrobial. The doe recovered without any complication after 7 days of post-treatment and management.

The production of animal largely depends on supplying of quality feed and proteinaceous supplement to the animals. Jatropha plant can grow in the barren lands, and are used as a source of biodiesel. Besides, the plant may act as a rich proteinaceous source. However, the antinutritional factors present in the seed and seed oil of the plant may hamper the availability and beneficial use of the plant. Curcin and phorbol esters are the major toxic compounds present in the plant; these toxic compounds cause to produce liver and kidney diseases. Detoxification of these toxic compounds by physical and chemical means converting to less toxic seed cake may serve the purpose of using this plant in future as a replacement of costly protein supplement for animals. Therefore, in modern world, it is recommended to utilize the protein source by neutralizing the antinutritional factors. This mini-review describes the updates on how J. curcas can be utilized as a supplementary source of protein for animals by decreasing its toxicity.

This study was aimed to assess the effects of single and repeated tramadol administration on some hematological and serum biochemical parameters of laparotomized rats. Laparotomized rats (n=18) were randomly divided into three equal groups. Normal saline was administered to the rats of group 1 (control). Tramadol (dosed at 10 mg/kg bwt) was administered singly to the rats of group 2. The same dose of tramadol was administered repeatedly every 12 h up to 72 h to the rats of group 3. On day 3 and 10 post-laparotomy (PSL), blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, total serum protein, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counts in the rats of group 2 were found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher than those obtained in group 1 and group 3. Mean weights of rats in group 1 and group 3 were significantly lower than those of the rats of group 2 PSL. This study showed that repeated tramadol administration lead to slower weight gain as well as marked decrease in biochemical and erythrocytic variables in rats. Therefore, single administration of tramadol PSL may suffice for analgesia. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2015; 2(3.000): 316-320]

The present study was conducted to estimate crossbreeding parameters for growth traits of growing rabbits in a complete 3 × 3 diallel crossing experiment involving three breeds namely New Zealand White (NN), Californian (CC) and Rex (RR). Highly significant differences (p≤0.001) were observed among different genotypes for almost traits studied with the exception of relative growth rates (RGR) at 4-12 weeks of age. Direct genetic effects of NN were found as positive for most of studied traits. Positive total maternal genetic effect was estimated for kits of NN dose for weight at weaning (57 g) and 12 weeks of age (92 g). Strong individual heterosis was estimated for NN × CC crossbreds for all body weight (BW) and most of body weight gains (BWG). In conclusion, direct additive genetic effects were infavor NN for growth traits and maternal genetic effects were infavor NN for weaning and final weights and higher individual heterosis has been estimated for NN × CC crossbred rabbits for growth traits.

In the last two decades, the chemical and biological contaminants in livestock and livestock products worldwide have been considered as one of the causes that threatens life of both man and animals. In Sudan very little work has been done in this field. This study was carried out to detect Oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in sheep liver and muscle samples in Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 150 samples comprising of liver (n=75) and muscle (n=75) of sheep were collected from three different localities in Khartoum State during the period from March to September 2013. The OTC residues were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and one plate test (OPT). The results of HPLC showed that the level of OTC residues in liver samples above maximum residue limit (MRL) was 4% (n=3/75) and under MRL was 96%. Regard to muscle samples, the level of OTC residues above MRL was 60.3% (n=35/58), whereas, under MRL was 39.7%. Using OPT, 14.7% (n=11/75) and 6.7% (n=5/75) of liver and muscle samples showed inhibition zone, respectively. It is concluded that OTC residues are detected in sheep liver and muscle sample with different levels in Khartoum state. Further investigation on level of OTC residues in other farm animals and other organs throughout the country is recommended. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2015; 2(3.000): 321-325]

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important diseases of cattle responsible for major economic losses in dairy industries of Iran. So far, no nationwide program has been taken in Iran to control and eradicate the disease. Moreover, until now, no vaccination program has been practiced against BVD in Iran, although the disease is prevailing in the country. For effective controlling of BVD, it is necessary to cull the affected animals, and new entry of BVD in the farm should be prevented. Focusing on biosecurity in systematic control programs of BVD can also reduce the risks of introduction and spread of other epizootic and zoonotic diseases, thereby improving both cattle health and welfare in general. In this review paper, an overview on BVD emphasizing on Iran perspective has been discussed focusing on clinical manifestations of BVD, routes of transmission of BVD virus (BVDV), its diagnostic methods and possible prevention strategies. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2015; 2(3.000): 240-251]

The purpose of the present study was to determine the changes in selected hematology and serum biochemistry of Angora cats (Felis catus) during growth period. A total of 32 Angora cats (16 adults and 16 kittens) were used in this study. Blood samples were collected from the animals, and were analyzed for white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes numbers. In the serum, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), total cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, Ca, Mg, Pi levels were determined. Monocyte level was found higher, and ALP, LDH, CK activities and Pi levels were lower in adult cats as compared to the kittens. MCV was lower and GGT and AST activities, and glucose level were higher in kittens of 1.5-3 months old than in kittens of >3 months. Concentrations of total cholesterol and Mg were higher in kitten (1.5-3 months old) than in adult cats. In conclusion, age related effects on hematological and biochemical blood parameters have been determined for the first time in Angora cats.

This research work was conducted to investigate the effects of age, sex and breed on the induction of immune response against experimentally prepared inactivated trivalent (type O, A, and Asia-1) FMD vaccine. Twenty six cattle were divided into four test groups (Group A, B, C, and D; 5 cattle in each group) and one control group (n=6) based on breed (local and cross), age (≤12 months and >12 months), and sex (male and female). Test cattle were vaccinated with the experimentally prepared trivalent FMD vaccine. Pre- and post vaccinated sera from the vaccinated cattle were collected upto 63 days, and the sera were tested using liquid phase blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (LPBE) that was specific for FMD serotypes O, A, and Asia-1. Antibody titers of all the pre-vaccinated serum samples were found to be under protection level. The females were found to be more protected (90%; n=9/10) as compared to males (70%; n=7/10). The titers obtained were statistically analyzed using t–test to observe the effects of age, breed and sex. It was observed that the mean values of antibody titer in cattle aging >12 months against O, A, and Asia-1 serotypes were significant (P<0.05) at 21, 49 and 63 days as compared to the values obtained from the cattle aging ≤12 months. In conclusion, the local female cattle aging >12 months showed better immune response towards trivalent FMD vaccine.

This case was carried out to compare the healing process and time for the treatment of mange in goats using a combination of Ivermectin with dexamethasone to the earlier Ivermectin with antihistaminics approach. A 3 ½ years old female Boer cross goat was presented with a complaint of crusty lesions on different parts of the body during a routine farm visit in Selangor, Malaysia. Microscopic examinations of the skin scrapes taken revealed Sarcoptes and Psoroptes sp. of mites, while hematological analysis showed slight leucocytosis, neutrophilia with left shift, monocytosis, hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia. Ivermectin injection at 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously was administered once every 2 weeks in 4 divided doses, while Dexamethasone injection at 1 mg/10 kg and multivitamin at 10 mg/kg IM for 5 days repeated at alternate weeks. Significant improvement was recorded 6 weeks after commencement of treatment and full recovery at 10 weeks. The current drug regimen proved more effective when compared with previous cases that were treated with a combination of ivermectin and antihistaminics.