A Large White Yorkshire male pubertal pig was presented with the history of sustained protrusion of penis for about six hours. Edema of the protracted penis was reduced. Manual repositioning and retension of glans penis into preputial cavity was carried out successfully. There was no recurrence.

A primiparous Jersey cow was brought in lateral recumbency with the history of straining and past occurrence of antepartum prolapse a week before. Vaginal examination revealed incomplete two finger cervical dilatation with a very thin cervical rim. Cervicotomy was performed to remove the live male fetus and the animal recovered uneventfully.

An attempt was made to overview the conduct, components and output of various livestock research activities conducted in TANUVAS for the period from 2008 to 2018. Among 152 projects completed during the study period, there were 52 health projects, 36 production, 25 social science, 16 clinical science, 14 infrastructure, six processing, two environment and one education related projects. The research investment of projects completed from 2008 to 2018 was found to be the highest for Health (Rs.1767.70 lakhs), followed by Infrastructure (Rs.1723.40 lakhs), Production (Rs.668.72 lakhs), Social science (Rs.393.82 lakhs), Clinical science (Rs.360.28 lakhs), Education (Rs.221.47 lakhs), Processing (Rs.87.50 lakhs) and Environment (Rs.14.64 lakhs). Among various livestock species, Poultry research occupied predominant position with 39 numbers of projects with outlay of Rs.791.25 lakhs. It should be noted that the research on companion animals and fodder were less than 10 in last ten years. A total of 44 patents were filed in TANUVAS during last decade, among which seven were granted. It is concluded that the focus should also be made on fodder, swine and companion animal and fodder research.

This study is planned to assess the socio-economic profile, cost economics in feeding and impact of brewery waste utilization among dairy farmers in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in six blocks with one village per block and 15 farmers per village constituting a total of 90 respondents. Data was collected through personal interview method with the help of pretested interview schedule. The survey results indicated that majority of the farmers are in the age of 33 - 47 years and the family size of the respondents is less than 5. More than 50% of the farmers had experience of 10 years in dairy farming practices and the annual income from dairy farming was higher than agriculture sector. All farmers were providing their milch animals with green and dry fodder and the total cost incurred varied from Rs.38.97/- to Rs.29.53/day/animal during milch period and from Rs. 31.66/- to Rs.25.38/day/animal during the dry period. In concentrate mixture, the main ingredients reported were bran, husk, rice gruel and oil cakes and total cost incurred varied from Rs.112.74 to Rs.43.04/day/animal during milch period and from Rs.73.25 to Rs.24.95/day/ animal during the dry period. The mean milk production varied between 5.37 lts to 9.51 lts/day/animal and the cost/ltr of milk varied between Rs.13.50 to Rs.15.95/ltr. It is imperative to note that 38.89% of the farmers were utilizing unconventional feeds such as tapioca powder, tamarind seed, brewery waste and dried distillers’ grain soluble (DDGS) to feed their dairy cattle. Also, from the survey it is inferred that dairy farmers should be sensitised more on the scientific ways of feeding lactating dairy cattle to augment milk production and thereby to increase their livelihood security.

An attempt was made to work out the factor shares and value shares of output in livestock sector over last 19 years and to examine in the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth of livestock production i.e. livestock production growth over and above the input growth in Tamil Nadu using secondary data for the period from 1999-2000 to 2017-18 from various reports on state-wise estimates of value of outputs from Central Statistics Office, Government of India and Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Tamil Nadu. The share of milk to total value of output in Tamil Nadu decreased from 68 per cent to 27 per cent from the year 1999-2000 to 2017-18, whereas product shares of meat increased from 18.45 per cent to 64.77 per cent during the same period. During the same period, the factor shares of feed (47.65 per cent to 38.06 per cent) and dry fodder (36 per cent to 20 per cent) was decreased, in contrast to the share of green fodder (10 to 19 per cent). The value of TFP was found to be increasing gradually from the year 2000-01 to 2002-03 and drastically declined during the year 2003-04 (0.95), thereafter it increased gradually from the period 2003-04 to 2016-17, with drastic dip during 2011-12 and minor dip during 2007-08, 2013-14, 2015-16 and 2017-18. From the year 1999- 2000, the cumulative TFP index increased to 6.17 during 2004-05, 12.79 during 2010-11 and 20.38 during 2017-18 with increase of one unit per annum, which indicated good sign of livestock development in Tamil Nadu. It could be concluded that the technological interventions in livestock sector (output growth over and above the input growth) in Tamil Nadu shared about 72 per cent in the growth of livestock sector for the past 19 years.

Aflatoxins are produced in poultry feed by two major fungal species viz., Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus during hot and humid seasons. To detoxify these aflatoxins, various binders are being used in the field which are mostly synthetic compounds with possible other toxicities, the harmless beneficial probiotics are being considered as binders to neutralize the effect of aflatoxins in the feed. Bacterial organisms (probiotics) like Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were selected and their cell wall structures have been retrieved and molecular docking was performed against four types of aflatoxins namely AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2. The results revealed that cell wall components of the chosen bacterial organisms have a good binding affinity towards four types of aflatoxins. Based on this in silico results, it is evident that the both the lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and wall teichoic acid (TA) in the cell wall of probiotic organisms is responsible for its binding against aflatoxins.

An attempt was made to document the management practices of the backyard goat production in Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu. The primary data were collected by interviewing 180 backyard goat farmers selected by multi-stage random sampling using pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed through descriptive statistics. About 46.11 per cent of the respondents kept their animals under open system of housing and floor of the goat shed was mud type in 96.67 per cent of the sampled farmers. All the farmers stored manure in an open place. Majority of goat farmers raise their goats solely on browsing and grazing stubble of field crops, natural pasture and tree leaves. Majority of farmers did not possess their own breeding buck but they use community buck for breeding purpose. Middlemen (57.22 per cent) played a major role in marketing of goat in all categories of flocks, followed by butcher (36.11 per cent). Only one-fifth of flock owners dewormed their flocks yearly twice. None of the sample respondents vaccinated their goat against infectious diseases. Goats were marketed round the year (87.78 per cent) and about 12 per cent marketed their goats on special occasions. The major reasons for marketing was found to be the want of money to overcome financial problem (61.07 mean score) in case of bucks / male kids and culling due to old age (66.00 mean score) in case of breeding does. Majority of the sample backyard goat farmers did not follow scientific  management practices at their farm level, which warrants intensive extension programmes. Implementation of best management practices among backyard goat farmers in Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu would improve the profitability.

The objective of the present study is to find out the scope and extent of utilization livestock farm service provided by the Agricultural Technology Information Center (ATIC), TANUVAS, Kattuppakam, Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu. The available records for a period of two years from January 2021 to December 2022 were analysed to study the number of farmers visited, and their purpose of visits at ATIC, Kattupakkam. The findings of the study revealed that a total of 1727 farmers visited ATIC, Kattupakkam in which majority (86.21%) respondents were males. Among the specific purpose of visits, purchase of fodder seeds (35.95%) was their high priority followed by purchase of publications (32.42%), farm advisory (13.60%), livestock feed (11.92%) and others (6.07%). On farm advisory, majority were benefited on goat farming (31.66%) than other livestock farming practices. It was concluded that during the study period more than 65% of farmers benefited through the purchase for fodder seeds and publication and around 68% of the livestock farmers were likely to be more specific in their purpose of visits at ATIC, Kattupakkam. 

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different levels of dried capsicum powder on the quality characteristics of chicken koftas. The capsicum dried powder was incorporated at three different levels viz. 2, 4 and 6% in the formulation. The products were analyzed for various physicochemical and sensory attributes. The pH, emulsion stability (83.56±0.011) (%), cooking yield (81.12±0.011) (%), crude protein, crude fat and total ash contents of the products showed significant (P<0.05) decreasing trend with increase in levels of incorporation of dried capsicum powder. However, a significant (P<0.05) increase in the water holding capacity (%), moisture (67.10±0.008) and crude fibre (1.56±0.006) contents of the chicken koftas was observed with increasing levels of incorporation. Sensory evaluation revealed that koftas prepared with 4 per cent capsicum dried powder had superior scores (P<0.05) compared to 2 and 6 per cent. Hence, incorporation of dried capsicum powder at 4 per cent level in chicken koftas was considered to be optimum. (Include some values of important findings). 

The present study was aimed to study the comparative anatomy of Pectoral bones in pigeon and conure bird. In both the birds Pectoral bones were composed of Humerus, Radius and ulna, carpals, Carpometacarpus and Digits. Humerus of conure on its medial tuberosity well marked facet was noticed. Bones of forearm in both pigeon and conure were composed of thicker ulna and slender Radius. Carpometacarpus was composed of three bony elements. Digits of both the birds were three in number. Pigeons have strong well developed Pectoral bones and are strongest flyer when compared to that of conure. The anatomical feature of Pectoral bones in pigeon was similar to that of conure but had few variations.