Research was directed towards selection of national, accessible and cheap ingredients of whole milk replacers in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The efficiency of compounding preparation and its use in calves feeding at an early age was analysed. There was developed the technological scheme of application of hydrodynamic installation which operates according cavitating principle and makes it possible to receive the homogeneous and finely divided mass directly from grain forage that is very important for preparation of milk replacer. New equipment gives the chance to lower power consumption on 17%, to receive economic benefit. During testing of developed of milk replacer-1 (used for calves feeding since one month old) and milk replacer-2 (used for calves feeding since two months old) and their comparison with the whole milk replacer Kalvolak (the Netherlands) it was revealed, that indices of a daily average weight gain in calves of the first group fed with foreign milk replacer, and in calves of the second groups, which were fed with the national milk replacer, did not show authentic differences (806 and 816 g). However, the prime cost of 1kg of live weight gain in the second case was on 43% cheaper than in the first one. The cost price of 1kg of live weight gain of calves on expenses for fodder units in trial group was on 33% cheaper in comparison with the control group

In conditions of the Republic of Belarus much attention is given to optimization of energy and protein content in diets of dry cows. Analysis of the influence of different energy and protein ratio in dry cows diets on their productivity was realized. Increasing of protein and energy balance standards of dry cows during the winter period on 10 and 15% at the expense of introduction of protein, vitamin and mineral supplements (PVMS) made it possible to increase the daily average weight gain of animals on 5,4% and 12,2%, live weight of calves at a birth on 3,6% and 8,1% and their daily average weight gain over the first month - on 3,9% and 12,1%, respectively. Feeding with PVMS produced on the basis of peas and rape made it possible to raise the digestibility of nutritive substance on 1,4-14% and accessibility of all mineral substances on 0,4-10%. The increasing of energy and protein ratio on 15% in diets of pregnant dry cows rendered the positive effect on dairy efficiency. Fodder expenses for fodder unit production decreased on 5,5 and 6,8%, respectively. Inclusion of PVMS in mixture with pea and rape flour for dry pregnant cows during the summer period made it possible to raise their live weight on 5,9% and 9,7%, weight of calves at birth on 4,2% and 7,3%, and their daily average weight gain - on 5,7 and 9,4%. Optimization of power and protein fodder of pregnant dry cows promotes the increasing of milk yields in the first 100 days of the subsequent lactation on 5,1% and 9,9% and the decreasing of forage expenses for production unit on 4,6-9,1%

Analysis of supply of first-calf heifer diets with the mineral substances and their blood level at the first period of lactation as well as the development of the optimal feed formula of the mineral premix which could make it possible to neutralize the possible deficit of nutritive elements was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. It was stated that in animal diets against the background of protein and carbon misbalance there was noted the deficit of a number of trace elements such as manganese, copper, cobalt and zinc. In spite of sufficient content of calcium and phosphorus in cow diets, their concentration in blood plasma in first-calf heifers did not correspond to standard criteria, that was probably caused by vitamin D deficiency in cow rations. There was marked a low level of zinc, cobalt and manganese in whole blood of the majority of cows. With the purpose of correction of the first-calf heifer rations and for the prevention of possible hypomicroelementoses there was developed the composition of premix taking into account the necessary of cow feeding standards

Studying of influence of various levels of selenium on growth, protein structure of blood serum, natural resistance, and reproductive performance of pedigree bull-calves was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. It was established, that feeding with an optimum dose of selenium (0,4 mg per 1 kg of dry matter) in rations of replacement bull-calves during the raising period promoted the increasing of daily average weight gain on 6,8%, indexes of natural resistance - on 0,5-13,9%, and sperm production quality - on 4,5-27,3%. In the conditions of optimization of selenium level of in diets the protein structure of blood serum of replacement bull-calves exceeded the similar index at control animals by the crude protein index - on 8,3 (Р less than 0,05), by albumine and alpha globulin -on 2,2% and 1,6%, respectively. Application of selenium in dose of 0,4 mg per 1 kg of dry matter made it possible to increase the indexes of natural resistance on 0,5-13,9%. Increase of selenium dose up to 0,4 mg per 1 kg of dry matter in made it possible to increase the quantity and quality of sperm of bull-calves, that was proved by the increasing of ejaculate volume on 4,5%, concentration of male germ cells in ejaculate – on 15,7% (Р less than 0,05) and male germ cells activity - on 7,3% (Р less than 0,001)

Sodium hypochlorite solution is an effective means in control of noncontagious aetiology diseases, accompanied by development of endogen intoxications. The detoxification action of sodium hypochlorite is that in the body there is no becomes free active oxygen, oxidizing there toxic and ballast substances as bilirubin, urea, ammonia, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, carbonic oxide, acetone, acetone acetate, ethanol, methanol, barbiturates, etc. The detoxification action of sodium hypochlorite is shown in neutralization of exotoxins and endotoxins of pathogenic microorganisms as it represents a compound of the small molecular mass and the small structural size. In this connection it freely gets through membranes of cells and oxidizes the toxins containing not only in blood, but also in cells. From this follows, that sodium hypochlorite models not only oxidizing function of cytochrome Р-450 of liver, but also phagocytal function of neutrophilic leucocyte. It leads to inactivation of large toxic molecular compounds both on a surface of uniform elements, and in blood plasma while effective methods reduce intoxication at the expense of removal of the average molecules circulating in plasma

Development of new selenium preparations in a complex with vitamins for the purpose of decrease of trace element toxicity and increase of its bioavailability is the topical problem of veterinary science. A new antioxidant water-soluble complex Aesel, which includes selenium as the activated product of interaction of methionine and sodium selenite, vitamins A and E, is researched. Lethal doses of the preparation for mice and rats were identified through intragastric and subcutaneous introduction. Due to the results of the research it was determined that Aesel is rated among the forth class of danger, so it is dangerous to a very little degree. Lethal doses of the preparation on the pure selenium, calculated on Pershin method, for rats at parenteral introduction is equal 5,48, at enteral introduction - 39, for mice at parenteral introduction - 7,72 mg/kg. Lethal doses of the preparation calculated on all making components equal to 39000 mg/kg.

The data about influence of the developed home-produced inactivated vaccine against pasteurellosis of fur animals on blood, biochemical, immunity indicators at mink are cited. It is established, that application of the given preparation conducts to formation of the necessary immune answer. The developed domestic inactivated vaccine against pasteurellosis of fur animals is a harmless and areactogenic preparation. This vaccine does not render negative action on hematological and biochemical indicators of mink blood. They are identical to indicators in control group of fur animals. Immunization with this vaccine stimulates cellular and humoral immunity factors that testifies to formation of the proof immune answer | Приведены данные о влиянии разработанной отечественной инактивированной вакцины против пастереллеза пушных зверей на гематологические, биохимические, иммунологические показатели норок. Установлено, что применение данного препарата ведет к формированию необходимого иммунного ответа. Разработанная отечественная инактивированная вакцина против пастереллеза пушных зверей является безвредным и ареактогенным препаратом. Инактивированная вакцина против пастереллеза пушных зверей не оказывает отрицательного действия на гематологические и биохимические показатели крови норок. Они идентичны показателям в контрольной группе пушных зверей. Иммунизация инактивированной вакциной против пастереллеза пушных зверей стимулирует клеточные и гуморальные факторы иммунитета, что свидетельствует о формировании стойкого иммунного ответа

Research on studying of probiotics and prebiotics influence on natural resistance, hemogenesis, metabolism, growth, development and safety are spent on chickens of 1-37-day age in the conditions of clinic of the department of internal noncontagious diseases and the central resarch laboratory of research institute of applied veterinary medicine and biotechnology Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. It was established that the combined use of probiotics and prebiotics increases the defense, raises safety rate and stimulates body weight gain in broiler chickens. Hence, probiotics and prebiotics at joint application render expressed growth-promoting effect, promote high safety of young growth, disease decrease, increase in a weight gain, raise indicators of the general and local protection, stimulate hemogenesis and exchange processes during the most intense periods of bird cultivation. At separate application of probiotics and prebiotics these indicators were a little lower, but authentically above, than at chickens of control group | Исследования по изучению влияния пробиотиков и пребиотиков на естественную резистентность, гемопоэз, обмен веществ, рост, развитие и сохранность, проведены на цыплятах 1-37-дневного возраста в условиях клиники кафедры внутренних незаразных болезней и центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории Научно-исследовательского института прикладной ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии УО ВГАВМ. Совместное применение пробиотика и пребиотика усиливает защиту, повышает сохранность и стимулирует прирост массы тела цыплят-бройлеров. Следовательно, про пробиотики и пребиотики при совместном применении оказывают выраженное ростостимулирующее действие, способствуют высокой сохранности молодняка, снижению заболеваемости, увеличению прироста массы, повышают показатели общей и местной защиты, стимулируют гемопоэз и обменные процессы в наиболее напряженные периоды выращивания птицы. При раздельном применении пробиотиков и пребиотиков эти показатели были несколько ниже, но достоверно выше, чем у цыплят контрольной группы

Due to Herbal medicine it is possible to use cheap and ecological clean preparation. Studied medicinal forms of wormwood bitter (the wormwood bitter extract, fluid extract, Artemizitan) in therapeutic dose stimulate the factors of natural resistance beside animals. Results of studying of lysozyme activity in blood serum have shown that preparations of wormwood bitter have caused authentic increase of this indicator in comparison with control animals, both in pigs, and at sheep. Bactericidal activity of blood serum was authentically more than in control group, both at pigs, and at sheep after introduction of infusion of wormwood bitter. Studying of influence of wormwood bitter on phagocytosis indicators has shown, that all medicinal forms of plant have made stimulating impact on phagocytal activity of neutrophils and phagocytal number both in experiences on pigs, and on sheep. Artemitizan has caused authentic increase and phagocytal index. Thus, the research will be coordinated with literary data, that preparations of wormwood bitter make stimulating impact on indicators of natural resistance of animal blood | Благодаря фитотерапии возможно использование дешевых и экологически чистых препаратов. Изученные лекарственные формы полыни горькой (настой полыни горькой, жидкий экстракт полыни горькой, артемизитан) в терапевтических дозах стимулируют показатели естественной резистентности у животных. Результаты изучения лизоцимной активности в сыворотке крови показали, что препараты полыни горькой вызвали достоверное повышение этого показателя по сравнению с контрольными животными, как у свиней, так и у овец. Бактерицидная активность сыворотки крови была достоверно больше, чем в контрольной группе, как у свиней, так и у овец после введения настоя полыни горькой. Изучение влияния полыни горькой на показатели фагоцитоза показало, что все лекарственные формы растения оказали стимулирующее влияние на фагоцитарную активность нейтрофилов и фагоцитарное число как в опытах на свиньях, так и на овцах. Артемизитан вызвал достоверное повышение и фагоцитарного индекса. Таким образом, наши исследования согласуются с литературными данными, что препараты полыни горькой оказывают стимулирующее влияние на показатели естественной резистентности крови животных

There was developed a method of increasing the efficiency of used feeds and poultry productivity by means of stimulations of natural resistance of an organism by biologically active substances (Vigozin preparation, containing carnitine). Application of preparation Vigozin with potable water twice in a dose of 1 ml on 1 l of water within first 3 days and for 13th day of cultivation allows to raise safety of chickens-broilers on 2,3% at the expense of normalization of metabolism at young growth and preservation of a functional condition of a liver. Results of the general clinical and the immunological analysis of blood at chickens-broilers of control and trial groups (M+/-m, n=10), biochemical indicators of blood at chickens-broilers of control and trial groups in age dynamics (M+/-m, n=10) are presented. | Целью работы являлось научное обоснование и разработка способа повышения эффективности использования кормов и продуктивности птицы путем стимуляции естественной резистентности организма биологически активными веществами (препарат Вигозин, содержащий карнитин). Применение препарата Вигозин с питьевой водой двукратно в дозе 1 мл на 1 л воды в течение первых 3-х суток и на 13-й день выращивания позволяет повысить сохранность цыплят-бройлеров на 2,3% за счет нормализации обмена веществ у молодняка и сохранения функционального состояния печени. Представлены результаты общего клинического и иммунологического анализа крови у цыплят-бройлеров контрольной и опытной групп (M+/-m, n=10), биохимические показатели крови у цыплят-бройлеров контрольной и опытной групп в возрастной динамике (M +/- m, n=10).