Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases that causes a great economic loss in most countries, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and those where no eradication programs are applied. The study covered the period of 6 months (Started from February to July 2021) to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep slaughtered in three districts slaughterhouses of Al Muthanna governorates. A total of 315 blood samples of slaughtered sheep of both sexes (114 males, 201 females), were examined usingof Rose Bengal cart test (RBT), results indicated that, out of all samples tested, (12) of both sexes were found positive reactors (3.80%) including (9) females (2.85%) and (3) males (0.95%). The infection rate of this zoonotic disease varied among the studied districts in the governorate, hereby, the present result represents Al Khudhur, district which recorded the highest infection rate (4.55%) followed by Al Rumaitha district (3.64%), whereas Al Samawah district recorded the lowest prevalence (2.61%). The present calculated results could establish a foundational data base regarding the occurrence of this diseasein the sheep population of Al Muthanna governorates. The current results of the study recommend the need for more detailed study covers the incidence of brucellosis in large samples of sheep annually and isolation of the local bacterial strains in Al Muthanna governorates.

 Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite found extensively in humans and various animals, including domestic poultry, is widely distributed across the globe. Its ability to invade host cells depends on a special combination of cytoskeletal and secretory organelles. Meat from infected poultry, such as turkey and chicken, is widely consumed worldwide and is the primary source of T. gondii infection in humans, however, scant information exists regarding the prevalence of T. gondii in domestic turkey (Meleagris galbpavol) in Iraq. In this study, antibodies against T. gondii were investigated in 38 M. galbpavol randomly from different areas of Basrah Province utilizing the latex agglutination test (LAT) and T. gondii (Toxo) IgM/IgG Antibody Rapid Test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). T. gondii antibodies (LAT) were discovered in 14 (36.84%) of the 38 samples, whereas T. gondii antibodies (Rapid Test) were found in 8 (21.05%), As for the ELISA test were found 7(18.42%) infected. High rates of toxoplasmosis in Basrah Province indicate soil contamination with the Oocysts of parasite, which can be attributed to the presence of cats and turkeys in the same locations. Depending on the present results, the turkey meat may be representing a significant source of human T. gondii infection in the studied area. This is the first study in Basrah province to detect Toxoplasmosis in M. galbpavol by using serological methods.

Short- and long-term exposure to sub-lethal copper-sulfate concentrations studied in freshwater fish (Carassius auratus). The blood parameters, such as the content of hemoglobin-Hb and the red blood cells-RBC, were examined. Alanine transaminase-ALT and aspartate aminotransferase-AST levels in the serum were also measured. The 96-hour copper sulfate median lethal concentration-LC50 for the fish (n= 100) was calculated using different concentrations (1–10 mg/l). Two hundred and forty fish were put in 90 l-glass aquariums (10 in each aquarium) (180 fish in the experimental treatments) and (60 fish in the control treatments). Two groups of fish were formed. The first group was subjected to different concentrations of copper-sulfate for one week: 1 mg/l (0.58 copper sulfate LC50), 2 mg/l (1.15 copper sulfate LC50), and 3 mg/l (1.72 copper sulfate LC50). The second fish group received the same copper-sulfate concentrations but for four weeks. The treatment with zero copper-sulfate LC50 served as the control. Three duplicates of each treatment were achieved (A total of 340 fish were used). The results demonstrated that the content of RBC and Hb, as well as the level of the enzymes (AST and ALT), increased significantly with increasing copper-sulfate concentration in both the short- and long-term exposed fish. The current study's findings suggest that sub-lethal copper-sulfate concentrations are responsible for bloody changes and liver dysfunction in fish. The environment's copper contamination can be monitored using these parameters. 

Plastination is a method of long-term preservation of biological tissues with a completely visible surface and high durability. Plastinates are devoid of harmful effects like formalin, and they serve as excellent teaching tools in education. In addition, it’s an outstanding tool to study cross-sectional anatomy. The plastination technique has three major methods: silicone plastination, sheet plastination with the epoxy method, and sheet plastination with the polyester method.

The Babesia is one of the most important parasites transmitted by hard ticks and is responsible for high infection and mortality rates in sheep herds in various countries of the world. The current study included the diagnosis of the Babesia parasite in 260 blood samples collected from sheep from different areas of the city of Mosul. Thin blood smears were prepared from them, stained with the Giemsa stain, and examined by using the light microscope. The Babesia species was diagnosed in 112 blood samples, with a total infection rate of 43.07%. Two species of Babesia were diagnosed: The large-sized Babesia (Babesia motasi) with a measurement rate of (3.76±0.83) x (2.39±0.78) and a range of (2.5-5) x (1-5) microns and small sized Babesia (Babesia ovis) with a measurement rate of 1.81±0.58 x (1.1±0.47) microns, with a range of (1-2.5) x (1.1-2.1) microns. The current study also included the possibility of using the fluorescent Acridine orange stain (AO) to stain 50 sheep blood samples. This stain was distinguished by its easily and speed in diagnosing infection with the Babesia parasite in blood smears within two minutes. This stain is useful in survey and epidemiological studies, but it is not useful in the specific identification of the parasite

AbstractTartrazine is artificial colorant used in food, drug and cosmetic industries in addition to its many benefits through color, but as an artificial dye, it may cause many health problems for humans and animals. Current study was planned to demonstrate suspected effect of tartrazine on small intestines, in addition to obvious the properties of olive oil in reducing biochemical effects and histopathological changes on small intestines. The biochemical results showed (ALT, AST and ALP) significant increase (P <0.001) in tartrazine second group when compare with control group. Third group, the liver enzyme which mention above showed result better than the second tartrazine group but also these parameters were less than control group, (P <0.001). The histopathological results showed the control group showed normal histological appearance of intestinal structures. The second group which treated with tartrazine for 21 days, the intestine showed desquamation of mucosa and submucosa layers, distribution of goblet cells and hemorrhage. The third group which treated with olive oil and tartrazine show relatively normal histological appearance of intestine. This study agreed with many studies about the presence of a harmful effect of tartrazine, in addition to the presence of many benefits of olive oil, according to other studies.

the aim of studying the effect of the Cordyceps militaris supplement in the feed on the growth performance of Japanese quail. This study used 180 unsexed Japanese quail chicks, one day old and with an initial weight of 10.3 - 8.8 grams. They were randomly distributed into 4 treatments. Each treatment had three replicates, and each replicate had 15 chicks in cages containing a battery. The current study included experimental period from (1-42) days for the chicks. The transactions were as follows: T1: Control treatment (without any addition), T2: Treatment of adding Cordyceps militaris 1 mg/kg feed, T3: Treatment of adding Cordyceps militaris 2 mg/kg feed.T4: Treatment of adding Cordyceps militaris 4 mg/kg feed. Production characteristics were measured, such as average weekly live body weight and average weekly feed consumption. The weekly and cumulative weight gain rate and the weekly and cumulative food conversion factor. The results of this study showed the following: The highest significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was obtained for adding the Cordyceps militaris fungus 4 mg/kg feed in the average weekly live body weight, the cumulative weight gain rates, rate of cumulative feed consumption &The rate of feed conversion factor recorded a significant improvement of Japanese quail compared to the other treatments and the control group that recorded the lowest levels in this trait

There is need to knowledge geographic distribution of CRIMEAN–CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER virus (CCHV) in Iraqi cities so this study take place in different region in Basrah to detect viral antibodies. Specific serological indirect ELISA using to determined IgG antibodies against CCHF virus. Blood samples were collected from large ruminants from buffalo, cows, and calves starting from June to the end of September 2023. Results showed presence of IGg antibodies were found at a rate of 42.44% from 172 cattle (73) positive. Titers of IGg was high among females compare male and highly antibody recorded in older animals 2-3 years compare with less than 2 years. According to the regions Abo-alkaseeb has been highly infected animals out of 57cases 33(64.7%) positive. Samples of hard and soft ticks were collected from Basrah governorate, were classified to the family Ixodidae ticks include three species, including: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma anatolicum and Hyalomma truncatum. The widespread type is the Hyalomma type. The presence of the virus has been found in animals in which there are more ticks than in animals that are tick-free. These results suggest that is (CCHV) widespread in the cattle populations southern of Iraq.

The study was aimed to distinguish the integron type and number in Anti-drug-resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli that detected from clinical, subclinical mastitis and environmental samples in Basrah province. For detection of E.coli both conventional and molecular techniques was used, and the antibiotic susceptibility assessment was done by Kirby-Bauer method. The results revealed a high resistance to penicillin 23(100%) erythromycin 19(82.6%), tetracycline 21(91.3%) and gentamycin 12(52.17%). Also, the results shown a significant association (P≤0.05) between antibiotics resistance and the E.coli that isolated from mastitis and subclinical mastitis cases. Furthermore, we used a specific primers to detect the presence of integrons in AMR Escherichia coli. The results revealed that 8(34.78%) of the total isolates contained IntI1 (491bp in size), 5((21.73%) contained IntI2, and 2 (8.69%) contained IntI3 (788 and 600bp) respectively. The study showed a significant (P≤0.05) correlation among (IntI1& IntI2) and AMR Escherichia coli that isolated from clinical and environmental samples. We concluded, that the results of this study offer convincing proof for the immediate need to create rapid diagnostic services for guiding antibiotic decisions and a robust, comprehensive, and continual antibiotic surveillance program to halt the transmission of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli strains that containing integrons, specifically IntI1and IntI2.

The study included an examination of 50 local horses in different areas of Nineveh Governorate for the period starting from 1/7/2023 to 1/4/2024. The first group included 40 animals that showed signs of colic and the second group consisted of 10 clinically healthy animals that were considered a control group and of ages more than Six months, for both sexes.A clinical examination was conducted, which included recording the history of the animal's medical history condition and symptoms, and clinical manifestations including as well as measuring (body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, examining the mucous membranes of the eyes, capillary refilling time in the lower lip, and examining skin elasticity). The abdomen was then examined using a stethoscope, and sounds were recorded on the abdominal wall and on both sides of the animal’s body. The colicky horses show a significant increase in respiratory rate by 21 cycles/minute, heart rate by 56 beats/minute, capillary refilling time by 3 seconds, and skin fold test rate by 3.7 seconds compared with the healthy controls, while the sound frequency increased when auscultating from both sides of the abdomen, it was 272.5 Hz from the left side and 249 Hz from the right side, and the result was a significant difference from the left side compared to healthy horses, in addition to a substantial increase in the sound repetition rate by 5 per minute.It has been concluded that an electronic stethoscope could be a more accurate tool for examining colicky horses.