Bacterial contamination of table eggs is a serious public health problem around the worlddue to increase the risks of food-borne illness. Disinfection of table eggs is essential to minimizethe possibility egg contamination from shells. In the current study, 100 samples (table eggs)were collected from different supermarkets of Basrah city. Identification and disinfection ofbacteria on shell of table eggs were done in Veterinary Medicine College, Public HealthLaboratory / University of Basrah. Samples were cultured on blood agar, mannitol salt agar,macConkey agar, salmonella-shigella agar, eosin methylene blue agar, and tryptic soy agar todifferentiate different types of bacteria before and after processing with lemon juice depend onits morphology and Gram's staining. The detection of organisms for genus and species were thendone based on biochemical characteristics using VITEK® 2 system. The present study revealedthat the major contaminant of table eggs was with Gram-negative bacteria and the minorcontaminant was with Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria detected on shell of tableeggs (Leuconostoc species and Gemella bergeri) were resistant to lemon juice. However, Gramnegativebacteria identified on shell of table eggs (Cronobacter sakazakii, Raoultellaornithinolytica, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Moraxella group, and Serratiaplymuthica) were sensitive. In conclusion, table eggs collected from supermarkets werecontaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Lemon juice was suitable to be used as an antisepticagent to minimize the contamination of eggshells with Gram-negative bacteria.

Sheep pox is an enzootic disease in Iraq and the regional countries. A huge amount of money eitherspent on vaccines or lost due to the morbidities every year. For unknown reason, sometimes vaccinationis not efficient enough to provide the required protection. We conducted this study to investigate theeffect of the most popular pox vaccine on some physiological parameters, which may reflect anyadverse effect on the body. We used twelve adult ewes, divided into two groups (6/each); the first groupis the control, injected with normal saline (0.9% NaCl) intradermal, whereas the vaccine was injectedsimilarly in the animals of the other group. Blood samples were obtained weekly before and after thetreatment onset. Results revealed that there are changes in blood count parameters, starting from thevaccination time (the second week). Interestingly, RBC count was decreased just after the vaccination,whereas, a significant (p≤ 0.05) decreased in the WBC was also observed, with consequent significantchanges in the differential leukocytes count (DLC), These changes were accompanied with signs of reelevationafter two weeks of vaccination. In conclusion, there are unexpected changes in the RBC countresult from pox vaccination. Furthermore, the developing of immunity starts with a decrease in theWBCs, which needs more than two weeks to restore the normal value.

 Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral infection of cattle caused by lumpyskin disease virus (LSDV). This infection has a huge economic impact on the cattle industryas a result of skin damage, inflammation of mammary glands and decrease milk production,reduces reproduction and even death as a consequence of secondary bacterial infection. Iraqis considered as an endemic country by OIE that continues breaking throughout differentparts of the country. The aims of this research work was to detect and molecularcharacterization of LSDV in Duhok province for the first time through using a phylogeneticapproach of P32 and RPO30 genes. The results showed that LSDV was detected andidentified over using PCR and sequencing and the isolate 1 LSDV/Duhok/Kurdistan/2019,isolate 2 LSDV/Duhok/Kurdistan/2019 and isolate 3 LSDV/Duhok/Kurdistan/2019 wereclustered in LSDV lineage for both P32 and RPO30 genes. The phylogenetic analysis ofthese isolates showed a close relationship with the previously published isolates based on P32gene sequences, while this study is the first study to publish genetic information on RPO30gene of the Iraqi isolates and compare them to the other publicly available data sets of othercountries. To sum up, the findings of this paper could be beneficial to illustrate the spreadingnature of LSDV in Iraq and mainly in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Furthermore, offer thetheoretical references for control and prevention of LSDV infections in future. 

The present study has been carried out at the department of physiology, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine of Basrah, to evaluate the role of oil extracted from salviaofficinalis and Thymus vulgaris leaves in some structural and functionalcharacteristics of mature female rats experimentally induced with gastriculcer.Oils of thyme and sage were extracted from dry leaves available in Basrahmarket by normal hexane, oils components have been analyzed in a manner GCMAS (Gas chromatography). Gastric ulcers were induced in starved female rats bygiving indomethacin orally by mouth gavage in a dose 25mg\kg for one day. Theanimals have been divided into seven equal groups(8 females in each group). Thefirst group was received normal saline and served as a negative control. Secondgroup serve as positive group that received only single dose of indomethacin,whereas third group treated with thyme crude oil for two week ,fourth group thattreated with thyme dilution oil for two weeks,fifth group treated with sage crudeoil for two week, sixth group treated with sage dilution oil for two weeks andseventh group treated with cimetidine for two weeks. The blood has been obtainedfor hematological assessment the present results: showed no changed in RBCs ,PCV of female rats groups treated with thyme crude,thyme dilution, sage crudeoil and cimetidine and just group treated with sage dilution caused a significant decrease in RBCs and PCV among treated group. So, the results revealed thatthere is no- changed in WBC in groups treated with thyme crude, thyme dilutionand sage dilution ,whereas showed a decreased in gastric ulcer group, sage crudeand cimetidine group. Also neutrophils existed increase significantly in all treatedgroups compared with control negative group ,whereas no change recorded inthyme dilution and sage crude groups compared with control negative group

In late December, 2019, patients presenting with suspected of viral pneumonitis due toan non-identified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronaviruswas subsequently identified as the causative pathogen, provisionally named 2019 novelcoronavirus (2019-nCoV). As of Jan 26, 2020, more than 2000 cases or more of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed, most of which involved people living in or visitingWuhan, and human-to-human transmission has been confirmed.

The present study has been conducted for detection of Strongyloides papillosusparasite isolated from cattle in Basrah province from November 2018 to June 2019.255 and 300 samples were collected from fecal and serum of bovine, respectively.Samples were collected from slaughterhouse and animals from regions in Basrahprovince. Ten serum samples were from Mosul province. 255 fecal samples submittedto the parasites lab. for routine microscopic examination and 7.54% of thosesamples were detected positive for S.papillosus. Serum samples tested by ELISA (SSIgM) and the results confirmed that 34.7% of samples were infected withS.papillosus. ELISA showed a high infection rate in comparison with microscopicexamination. Also, this study has detected other types of gastrointestinal parasite ofcattle. Parasites identified in this study included: nematode, Toxocara vitulorum(13.2%),Capillaria bovis (1.88 %), Gongylonemia spp. (3.77%) (first report inBasrah city),Oesophagostomum spp.(3.77%), Trichuris spp. (3.77 %),Trichostrongylus spp. (20.75%),Ostertagia spp. (1.88%); Cestoda ,Monieziaexpansa(1.88 %); Protozoan, Eimeria spp. (3.77 %),Balantidium spp. (1.88%),Isospora spp. (1.88%), Giardia lamblia (3.77%), Cryptosporidium spp. (5.66%),Entamoeba histolytica(11.32%) and Trematode , Paramphistomum spp.(7.54%),Fasciola spp. (5.66%).INTRODUCTI

Parathyroid glands take a special place in human physiology and anatomy,as they were the last major organs to be identified in humans. The average parathyroid glandmeasures about five to seven mm in length, andthree to four mm in width and weighs about forty to sixty mg. The four parathyroid glands arederivative from the posterior endoderm of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches. Normally, thereare four parathyroid glands (superior and inferior). It takes the bean-shaped or oval. The mainfunction of the parathyroid gland is to release hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH)consists of 84- amino acid, which is involved in calcium homeostasis.

The study aimed to undergo a comprehensive study to provide abroad basic data for thedifferent constituents of the skin of local black goat. To achieve this goal, histological,morphometrical and topographical study was carried out on twelve skin regions taken from twentymale apparently healthy bucks. All samples were collected during the autumn season.Two types ofhair follicles were noticed: large follicles that extend deeply into the dermis; Which representedprimary hair follicles, smaller and shorter but more numerous; called secondary hair follicles. Theprimary hair follicles produce the coarse hair while the secondary hair follicles produce the finehairs. The diameter of the coarse hairs varied in the different skin regions and ranged between(39.98-106.40  m) being larger in the back and lateral surfaces and smaller in the abdomen andmedial surfaces. The diameter of fine hairs ranged between (26.56-39.94  m). The secondary:primary hair follicle ratio varies in the different skin regions and accordingly the fine :coarse hairratio varies as well. The fine: coarse hair ratio was found to be 6.88:1 in the middle back region,5.89:1 in the lateral surface of forelimbs region, 5.86:1 in anterior back region, 5.46:1 in lateralsurface of hind limb, 3.64:1in medial surface of hind limb, 3.32:1 in the skin of theabdomen,3.25:1 in the medial surface of the forelimb, 2.82:1 in the skin of the tail, 2.10:1 in theskin of scrotum, 0.20:1 in the skin of the muzzle, 0.15:1 in the dorsal surface of skin of the ear and0.00:1 in the ventral surface of the skin of the ear. Most of the hair follicles of different regionswere of a compound type in which several secondary hairs share the opening of a primary hairfollicle. In less common circumstances, the secondary follicles open directly on the epidermis butthey remain in a close position to the opening of the accompanied primary follicle. Simple hairfollicles were observed in the ventral surface of the skin of the ear, and in a less extent in thescrotal regions, muzzle region and skin of the dorsal surface of the ear. Hair density varies greatlyin the different skin regions being: 31.68/mm2 in anterior back region, 32.66/mm2 in the middleback region,13.38/mm2 in the abdominal region, 32.76/mm2 in the tail region, 30.30/mm2 in thelateral side of forelimb, 12.50/mm2 in the medial side of the forelimb, 11.52/mm2 in the scrotalregion, 31.12/mm2 in the lateral side of hind limbs, 16.44/mm2 in the medial side of hind limbs,22.22/mm2 in the muzzle region, 9.62/mm2 in the skin of the dorsal surface of the ear and2.92/mm2 in the skin of the ventral surface of the ear.

Staphylococcus aureus is considered as one of the major foodborne pathogens in humanand animals which can lead to a wide range of diseases, including food poisoning. The toxins ofS. aureus play an important role in disease pathogenesis, contributing to both injury of the hosttissues and the immune response. One of these toxins is phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptideswhich has the ability of immune invasion and considered as a cytolytic toxin. Commonly, mobilegenetic elements (MGE) of S. aureus that carrying antibiotic resistance gene do not carry thevirulence genes, however, PSMmec has been identified within the methicillin resistancestaphylococcus-encoding MGE SCCmec. This study was conducted for six months, over-all 200whole chicken carcasses were collected including (100) local chicken and (100) imported onefrom supermarkets in Duhok province. The samples for S. aureus were cultured on mannitol saltagar and then were confirmed using colony morphology, biochemical test like, catalase test andcoagulase test, in addition to the species specific primer (nuc gene) for PCR. The PCR positivesamples were selected and used in this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virulencepotential of S. aureus isolated from imported and local chickens depending on PSMmec-complexPCR (spanning PSM, xylR and mecR genes) and mecA. The results of this study shows that 46isolates out of 57 from imported chickens were carried mecA (methicillin resistant isolates) from these 28 isolates harbored PSMmec gene. Regarding to the local chicken, only 2 isolates out of18 carries together both PSMmec and mecA. According to the PSM-complex tested in this study,S. aureus isolates from imported chickens have SCCmec elements (SCCmec, II (2A) and IID,while the local chicken isolates have just SCCmec IID. Isolates resistance to methicillin withPSM may contribute to staphylococcal virulence. The outcomes of present study suggest thatisolates from imported chicken were more virulent comparing with local isolates. This studyneeds further confirmation by amplification of SCC elements and sequencing them to determinethe proper genetic structures of these regions.

The study was conducted for the purpose of investigating the intestinal bacterialcontamination in imported red meat and imported sausage. The study was carried out on 40samples of imported meat and 30 samples of sausage. The samples were collected fromdifferent areas in Basrah city (Al-Khaleej district, Al-Hayania, Al-Geneina, Five miles, Al-Ashar and Basra Market). Bacterial contamination in imported products (red meat andsausage)was investigated. In addition, total bacterial count for samples was done andcompared with specific control rates. Meat samples extracts were cultivated in differentdevelopmental and diagnostic media for the purpose of screening for bacterialcontamination mainly represented by coliform bacteria, Klebsiella pnumonia and Proteusspp. The results of the current study showed a high level of bacterial content in importedred meat and imported sausage, where the numbers of coliform bacteria, Klebsiellapneumonia and proteus spp above the permitted limit set by the Iraqi centralstandardization and quality.