Value added carabeef loaves were developed with variety meat, offals and non-meat extenders (refined wheat flour-T1 and soya flour-T2) while control loaves were prepared with skeletal meat and refined wheat flour. The loaves were packed aerobically in sterile Pet/Poly packages and subjected to physic-chemical quality, microbial profile and sensory quality analysis. Incorporation of low value meat and offals did not affect the physico-chemical characteristics of the loaves as reflected by the statistical similarity between control and treatment loaves. This is further confirmed by the improved organoleptic acceptability of the treatment loaves over the control loaves. The results of total viable count and yeast and mold count reveal shelf stability of loaves for 14 days. The acceptability of T1 and T2 carabeef loaves over the control loaves concludes that low value meat and offals can be incorporated @ 25% replacement of skeletal meat and soya flour can be used as a binder in the development of value added carabeef loaves which can be stored safely up to 14 days at 4±1 °C under aerobic packaging

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dominant follicle ablation on follicle count in Sahiwal cattle. All the selected donor animals were randomly divided into two equal groups. Donor cows in group 1(n=10) were subjected to dominant follicle(s) ablation, donor cows in group 2(n=10) without ablation and both groups were administered with 10 µg GnRH followed by FSH in 3 divided doses @ 100 mg, 60 mg and 40 mg at 48, 60 and 72 hrs after GnRH administration. OPU was carried out 24 hrs after the last FSH administration in all the donor cows. The overall mean number of follicles available for aspiration by Ovum pick up (OPU) method were 7.43 ± 0.22 in group 1 and 6.19 ± 0.22 in group 2 and the difference in the number of follicles between groups was significant (p<0.05). Mean follicular count on right and left ovaries of group 1 cows were 7.87 ± 0.30 and 7.00 ± 0.30, respectively with a significant difference (p>0.05). whereas, mean follicular count on right and left ovaries of group 2 cows were 6.14 ± 0.32 and 6.24 ± 0.32, respectively without significant difference (p<0.05). While, the mean follicular count in group 1 at different timings of 0 hr, 48 hrs and 96 hrs were 7.15 ± 0.36, 7.60 ± 0.36 and 7.55 ± 0.36, respectively and in group 2 cows were 6.03 ± 0.39, 6.25 ±0.39 and 6.30 ± 0.39, respectively without significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, ablation of dominant follicle had higher follicular count in Sahiwal donor cows compared to non- ablation group cows.

Free range grazing ducks play a major role in rural economy of Asian countries in the form of meat and egg production. The present study reports a mixed infection of Tetrameres sp. and Echinostoma sp. in nomadic ducks from Orathanadu, Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, India. On post-mortem examination of two ducks with a history of enteritis revealed bright red nematodes in the proventricular mucosa and minute flukes in small intestine. Tetrameres sp. and Echinostoma sp. worms were identified based on morphological characteristics. Intestinal contents also revealed eggs of Tetrameres sp. and Echinostoma sp. Further snails were collected from the duck rearing areas and confirmed the release of Echinostome cercariae and the snails were also identified as Planorbis sp. The study emphasizes the significance of mixed helminthic infections in nomadic ducks from Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.

A total of five lambs, 6-8 months old were presented with the history of faeces voiding through vulva and absence of anal opening since birth. Clinical examination revealed a fistulous tract connecting dorsal vaginal wall and rectum. Animal passing small quantity of dung with straining frequently due to small opening. Cases were tentatively diagnosed as congenital rectovaginal fistula with atresia ani. Surgical correction was attempted. All the animals recovered without any complications.

A full-term pregnant doe was presented with a history of dystocia. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of two dead fetuses. On obstetrical examination, vulval stenosis was confirmed.  Bilateral episiotomy was performed and twin dead fetuses were delivered per-vaginum by traction. Among the dead male twins, the first fetus had only prognathism second one had prognathism and a severe degree of congenital lordosis.  Post-operative treatment was followed resulting in an uneventful recovery of the doe.

A 7 months old female Rottweiler dog was presented with the history of ocular discharge from the right eye and partially opening of the eyelid since 2 weeks from adoption. Ophthalmic examination revealed epiphora, blepharospasm, congested sclera, cloudy cornea with tissue like growth along with hairs on the lateral temporal limbal region on the right eye and the left eye had no abnormalities. Schirmer tear test and fluorescein dye test was performed. Based on the ophthalmic examination findings, the condition was diagnosed as corneal dermoid. Surgical excision of corneal dermoid was done to correct the abnormalities and animal had an uneventful recovery.

Nine-year-old Indian Thoroughbred gelding was presented to the Large Animal Medicine Out-patient Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with a history of restlessness, anorexia, not voided dung and urine, patchy sweating, flank watching, pawing, frequent lying down and getting up. Clinical examination of the animal revealed severe dehydration with tachycardia and absence of borborygmi on both sides of the abdomen. Rectal examination revealed scanty dry faeces in the rectum with distended caecum. Distended intestinal loops with the absence of intestinal peristalsis were observed through ultrasound examination. Haemato- biochemical examination revealed increases creatinine, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The animal was treated with Inj. Ringer’s lactate and Inj. Flunixin meglumine. The animal was administered with liquid paraffin, magnesium sulphate, and simethicone along with the water through nasogastric intubation. Again the animal showed colic signs. Further the animal was sedated with xylazine and continuous rate infusion of Lignocaine @ 0.05mg/kg/min and fluids were administered through jugular catheter. The animal passed urine and showed a clinical improvement on following treatment. Animal started taking regular feed and voided dung on the third day of treatment.

A case of dystocia due to incomplete cervical dilation consequent to uterine adhesion in non-descript doe and its surgical management was reported in this paper. 

The increasing demand for nutritious, gluten-free food options necessitates the development of innovative products. Many commercially available millet-based products fail to leverage the nutritional benefits of millets, incorporating them in minimal quantities while maintaining refined wheat flour (maida) as the primary ingredient in baked goods. This research aims to develop a Kodo millet muffin formulated entirely from Kodo millet flour and enriched with animal protein through the addition of chicken meat powder (CMP). The CMP was prepared and its inclusion level was optimized by varying from 0% to 20% in increments of 5%, based on sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale. The formulation containing 10% CMP was identified as the most acceptable. The optimized muffins were then analyzed for their textural, physicochemical and nutritional properties. The incorporation of CMP significantly affected the muffin’s texture. This Kodo millet-based, protein-enriched muffin offers a gluten-free alternative while maximizing the health benefits associated with Kodo millet.

A five-and-a-half-year-old Jersey cross bred cow was presented with the complaint of a protruding mass onright lateral aspect ofvulval lip for the past 10 days. Clinical examination revealed a soft, fluctuating, non-painful reducible mass measuring 8 inch in length and 6 inch in width on the right side of  the perineal region. Based on ultrasonographic and radiographic evaluations, it was diagnosed as a case of perineal hernia and surgical intervention was advocated. Surgical correction was performed under xylazine-ketamine-butorphanol sedation and epidural anesthesia using 2% lignocaine and butorphanol. Herniorrhaphy was successfully completed using polyester No.5 suture. Skin closure was done using No.1 polyamide suture. Post-operative care included wound management, antibiotic therapy, and pain management. Sutures were removed on 15th day and animal was made an uneventful recovery.