Ovarian physiology is controlled by many exogenous and endogenous factors including the endocrinological and biochemical alteration that occur in the follicular fluid during the estrus cycle. the aim of this study was to determine and compare the concentrations of some hormonal and biochemical composition in peripheral circulation and follicular fluid of buffaloes .For this purpose ,ovaries collected from adult buffaloes immediately after slaughter, and blood samples where also collected from these buffaloes before slaughter in Basra abattoir. Samples were classified into two groups according to the follicle diameter, small (4-8 mm) and large (> 8 mm). The follicular fluid and plasma samples were analyzed for biochemical composition using commercial kits. The results showed that small follicles had significant higher (p

This study evaluated early event effect of apple cider vinegar on burn wound healing in rabbits. Fifteen adult rabbits were brought from the Basra local market and raised under proper management conditions in Basra veterinary medicine college. The age of these rabbits ranges between 10-12 months and their body weight was 2-3 kg. The rabbits were divided into three groups, group A (control), group B (treated with lincomycine and group C (treated with apple cider vinegar. General anesthesia was provided by a mixture of xylazine and ketamine HCL at a ratio 10:25 mg/kg intramuscularly. Selected site were shaved, cleaned and disinfected. A burn of 3 cm in diameter was made in the glutted area of the electrically heated stump at temperature 80 C for 14 second. Observation of burns of contract ability and study histopathological changes. The macroscopically results appear in all groups on 1st, 3rd, 7th, is different observation but on 7th days is complete healing, but the microscopically changes are also they seem results for good healing in group C. The apple cider vinegar contains acidic acid and other acids is acceleration burn healing.

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of clomiphene citrate on biochemical effects which may result from atrazine exposure. Thirty adult male rats were used, divided randomly and equally into control group, atrazine 50 mg /kg group ,atrazine (ATZ) 50 mg /kg and different doses of clomiphene citrate(CC) 0.5 mg / kg, 0.6 mg / kg and 0.7 mg / kg daily for 30 days. The results showed that serum biochemical affected negatively by atrazine exposure. The atrazine exposure caused a significant elevation in serum total cholesterol , triglycerides ,LDL-C , VLDL-C ,AST , ALT , and creatinine in addition to decrease HDL-C . The CC treatment( 0.6 and 0.7 mg / kg) seems to increase significantly HDL-C and reduced serum total cholesterol , triglyceride ,LDL-C and VLDL-C . Liver and kidney functions were improved by reducing serum AST , ALT and creatinine . The response to the dose of (0.5 mg / kg ) of CC was fluctuating between having positive impacts by reducing significantly the AST , ALT or being ineffective in all lipids profile and serum creatinine

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the drenching ethanolic extract of Chamomile and licorice at a dose of (100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg ) respectively in treating gastric ulcer induced by aspirin in rabbits. The study included the effect of drenching the ethanolic extract of both plants on the gastric ulcer index ,gastric juice pH, and volume of gastric fluid as well as curative ratio. Results revealed that treatment with cemitidine and Chamomile or licorice or their combination was associated with significant(p

This study shows the effects of Testosterone hormone on uterus tissue in female mice. We used twenty laboratory mice (Ten animals for each group). The first groups used as a control by using physiological saline (0.9%) concentration. The second groups were taken the 10mg/kg for 28 days. Biopsy was taken from the animals to examine their tissue histopathologically, Results were seen in uterus form of degradation in Endometerium and bleeding .Deteriorate in epithelial tissue and infiltration in inflammatory cells .

study was conducted to evaluate the usage of dexamethasone (Dx) in the treatment of liver function tests in experimental paraquat (PQ)- induced oxidative stress in male albino rats. Three groups of rats were subjected to this trial, control, PQ group (50 mg/ kg orally) and PQ with Dx (50 mg/ kg orally, 4 mg/ kg ip. Respectively)daily throughout the 15 days. Results revealed that treatment with PQ caused a mortality rate in a ratio of 30%,significantly increased (p≤0.05) of glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin concentrations and alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and amylase activities but the concentrations of both triglycerides and serum proteins were reduced compared with control whereas the treatment of PQ- treated rats with Dx decreased mortality rate (30%) and corrected the activity of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase enzymes whereas Dx treatment induced an elevation in amylase activityin addition to the elevation of concentrations of total cholesterol, total protein and albumin in comparison with values of PQ- treated rats, Dx did not affect the concentration of glucose. In conclusion, the treatment of PQ- induced toxicity with Dx in rats was efficient in correction of most liver function tests.

A first case was reported of cutaneous myiasis by old world screw worm Chrysomya bezziana in camels in Basra province south of Iraq in 2006. Camels were brought from Al-Zubair city and then to Basra marshes. Many larvae were isolated from injury in the knee and thigh region which exposed to stress during transportation. Larvae was sent to a laboratory which classified to belong Diptera- Chrysomya bezziana (OWS). The animal was treated by using ammonia 36% , iodine , and antibiotic as spray locally, after that the animal take a rest and the healing occur within three days of treatment. This case considers as the first case report of myiasis by chrysomyia bezziana in camel at Basra province south of Iraq.

The present work aimed to study the pathogenicity of Archanobacterium pyogenes by using one day old chicks and chicken Embryonated eggs .The chicks were given the bacteria(4.2x108 CFU/ml) by orally administration and intrapertoneal injection, while the Embryonated eggs inoculated into allontoic sac at 12 days of incubation. The chicks were show dullness, decrease in food intake and nervous sings, most chicks were died after 2-3 days, and the bacteria were re-isolated from internal organs, and yolk sac. The inoculation of Embryonated chicken eggs resulting in embryonicdeath, reduce hatchery percentage and deformity of embryo. The study showed that A. pyogenesisvirulence to both chicken Embryonated eggs and one day old chicks.

Zambia has been experiencing low livestock productivity as well as trade restrictions owing to the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and contagious bovine pleura pneumonia (CBPP). Foot-and-mouth disease was first recorded in Zambia in 1933 in the Western Province and since then the country has experienced repeated outbreaks. Bearing in mind the pressure that may be existing on the many risk factors for FMD including climate change, there is need to review our knowledge on FMD control. We present the spatial distribution of the FMD outbreaks that have been recorded in Zambia in the last twenty years, and the effect of the vaccinations and movement control that have been applied. We propose further strain characterisation of previous FMD outbreaks, including full sequence of VP1 gene and the 5’UTR site. The data will be geo-coded and populated with risk factor attributes. We also present preliminary findings of the buffalo and cattle probang sampling that was conducted in Lochnivar and Kafue National Park. We further probang sampled 25 buffalo at each interface area in Sioma Ngwezi, Lukusuzi and Lower Zambezi national parks. Villages in close proximity to the buffalo populations as well as those not in close proximity will be multistage cluster sampled for comparison. The data will be geo-coded and populated with risk factor and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) characterisation attributes. Data collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire will be geo-coded and populated with identified risk factors and stored in a database and will be spatially modelled to determine their effect on FMD occurrence and control measures. New outbreaks of FMD that may occur will be investigated to find out if there are new strains involved, species affected and predisposing risk factors. The authors conclude that impacts of FMD on livelihoods if appropriate control measures are not put in place are far more devastating especially at community level. Presented with the current poverty levels failure to institute result oriented control measures will exacerbate the already life-threatening situation.

Relatively high prevalence of HIV and AIDS and food insecurity in Rufiji District whilst the linkage between the two problems was not known was the basis of this study. Data were collected amongst 225 households between November 2005 and October 2006 through participatory rural appraisal (PRA), household income and expenditure survey (HIES) and structured interviews. Binary logistic regression was used for analysis in which case the dependent variable was food security in terms of food insecure (0) and food secure (1) based on kilocalories consumed per adult equivalent per day. The independent variables included having been affected by HIV and AIDS in terms of not affected (0) and affected (1). The results reveal that the odds for households affected by HIV and AIDS to be food secure were 0.705 times as high as the odds for households not affected by HIV and AIDS to be food secure. This means that households affected by HIV and AIDS were less likely to be food secure as opposed to those not affected by HIV and AIDS. The B statistic for having been affected by HIV and AIDS was negative (B = -0.350) meaning that being affected by HIV and AIDS had negative impact on food security. However, the Wald statistic which shows the magnitude of impact was small (0.251) and not significant (p = 0.617). This shows that HIV and AIDS had little impact on food security. Based on these findings, it is concluded that although being affected by HIV and AIDS has negative impact on food security, it does not automatically make households food insecure, especially in a short run, and that some non-HIV and AIDS factors like high dependency ratio and low ability to buy food have bigger negative impact than that of HIV and AIDS on food security. On the basis of the conclusion, it is recommended that efforts to improve food security amongst households affected by HIV and AIDS should consider both HIV and AIDS and non-HIV and AIDS factors.