In present study investigated of the histological structure of the gills of two fish species: Cyprinus carpio and Otolithes rubber which represented fresh water and seawater fish respectively. A total 20 specimens of freshwater fish (Cyprinus carpio) collected from Shatt-Al-Arab and 20 specimens of seawater fish(Otolithes ruber) were collected from Arabian Gulfs. The histological examination of gill samples showed that the seawater samples had a larger number of the chloride and pavement cells, compare with C. carpio. Also the gill raker of the O. rubber was appeared a cartilage and osseous tissue in the external side, while fibrous connective tissue, skeletal muscle layer and large amounts of adipose tissue was noticed in internal side, while the rake gills of the freshwater fish C. carpio was showed lake of the bone and skeletal muscle as well as adipose tissue.

Essentiaol oil of thymus vulgaris and origanum vulgare were extracted by hexane and analyzed to the component by GC-MAS Gas chromatography. in vivo study was done on seventy two healthy mature non pregnant female rabbits. Animals were divided into nine groups of eight animals for each one. the first group was injected by 0.1ml physiological saline vaginally and served as a negative control group. All other eight groups were immune suppressed by drenching each animal with (5 mg/kg) dexamethasone once daily for 7 days ,group 2 considered as a dexamethasone control group. Other seven groups were infected vaginally with Candida albicans by (1.5)×〖10〗^8 candida cells/ml once daily for 7 days group 3 considered as vaginal candida (positive) control. The sixth groups then treated once daily for 14 days with ( 0.1) ml of oils according to each group:- group 4 was treated with thyme oil orally, group5 treated with thyme oil vaginally ,group 6 treated with oregano oil orally, group 7 treated with oregano oil vaginally, group 8 treated by oral nystatin, Group 9 treated vaginally with nystatin. Blood was drawn from animals at the end of the experiment all experimental animals were sacrificed and pituitaries; ovaries and uteri were collected and fixed in 10% formalin for histological technique. result explained that candidiasis caused significant increase in progesterone, LH and FSH also decreased in estrogen compared to control. Treatment with thyme or oregano oils by two routs showed decrease in progesterone and an increase in estrogen than candidiasis group. So FSH and LH decreased in groups treated with two oils compared to candidisasis group but not reached to normal level. Nystatin decreased all reproductive hormones. results showed improvement of organs structures in treated with thyme or oregano oils

Tomato, is today the most popular garden vegetable in worldwide, because of its high consumption. Tomato contain a variety of phytochemical , such as lycopene , flavonoids, glycosides and other chemical constituents that have been beneficial protective effect. The present study carried out to evaluate the effect of two different doses (2 mg/kg BWand 4 mg/kg BW) of tomato extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in albino rats. Thirty two adult male albino rats randomly divided into four equal groups were used in this study, the results revealed that administration of 0.75% H2O2 in drinking water (groupI) produced significant decline of antioxidant enzymes ( superoxide dismutase (SOD) , glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) ) and serum albumin concentration , with significant elevation of lipid peroxidation rate by estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxynitrite radical (ONOO). Also, H2O2 caused significant increase in serum concentration of alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin . On the other hand the animals treated with H2O2 plus 4 mg/kg BW of tomato extract (groupIII) showed significant increase of SOD, GSH, CATand albumin with significant reduction of MDA ,ONOO, ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin comparing with control group. Depending on the above oxidant and antioxidant markers, it seems that 4 mg/kg BW. of tomato extract exert beneficial action protect against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in rats.

Ninety six for each healthy(n=96)and atopic,(n=96)individuals duals from the same geographical region, paired by sex and age, their sera specific IgE antibodies were estimated by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay test (ELISA) and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction based onHLA-DQB1*0602, HLA-DQB1*0604 andHLA-DRB1*12. The specific IgE based on ELISA results revealed that Out of 96 only59 (61.5%) of atopic patients were sensitive to CR allergen. The association between sensitivity to CR allergen and age was considered to be not statistically significant (P>0.05).However the higher rate of CR allergens sensitivity(62.9%) was observed in first age group(

Investigations of the proteolytic Gram Negative Psychrotrophs(GNP) bacteria was the basal objective of this study. A conventional diagnostic PCR technique based on three pairs of primers including SerAgeneto amplify an 950 bp fragment of Acinetobacter sppDNA,serAgene for/A. hydrophila ( 650bp): and aprgene for/S. marcescens (500bps) was done.In the present study the 29 bacterial isolates obtained from 100 cows raw milk samples were collected randomly from healthy cows with different age and breed present in different farms of Thi-Qar province, previously refrigerated for 72 hr. These isolates subjected to cultural-based enrichment and PCR- based identification .The present results revealed that the raw milk GNP contamination overall ratio was 29% . Acinetobacter spp were the most predominant bacteria (16%) among the studied GNP contaminants, while A.hydrophila appeared in a ratio of 7% and S. marcescens showed the lower ratio ( 6%). ,the results of the studied genes product of GNP bacteria was considered to be highly statistically significant (P>0.001).The distribution of studied GNP according to age ,parturition number and breed of studied animals was investigated. The effect of these factors on the PCR-based identification results was considered to be not statistically significant(P>0.05) however, the higher overall ratio(29.1%) for cow raw milk contamination was observed in raw milk of cows between

Water extract of castor bean was prepared and injected in mice in order to study the effect of acute phase of toxicity (in different doses) on living tissue, for these reasons, 24 male white mice were divided equally into 4 groups. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups were injected with the aqueous extraction of the castor seeds subcutaneously with 20, 30 and 60 mg/Kg of body weight, respectively, while the 4th group used as control group. After 24 hrs. the internal organs showed degenerative changes and proteintious material in the spleen and kidney, also these organs in addition to liver and stomach showed inflammatory reaction in their parenchyma. The lesions in the examined internal organs were mild in a dose of 20 mg/Kg B.W. and more sever lesions seen in a dose of 60 mg/kg of body weight.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Taurine as hypocholesterolemic agentand compare with the results of simvastatin drug on male rats. The experiment consisted of 36adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighting range 170 -200 gm divided into six groups (six foreach), the control group were fed on standard ration for four weeks while cholesterol group fedon standard ration and (10gm/kg/ration) cholesterol. The third group treated by taurine(0.7mg/day/rat) in drinking water while fourth group treated by simvastatin (0.05 mg/day/rat) indrinking water during animal fed on cholesterol in standard ration for 4 weeks. The fifth and sixgroup animals fed standard ration and cholesterol for 4 weeks and then treated with taurine andsimvastatin (0.7 mg and 0.05 mg /day/rat) in drinking water for 4 weeks respectively.At the end of study, the rats were sacrificed and blood serum was collected .The evaluation oftotal cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL- cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and triglyceride weredone and also AST and ALT were measured.The results revealed there were a significant decreasing in the lipid profile parameters (TC, TG,LDL-C and VLDL-C) and noted there were a significant increasing in HDL-C parameter oftaurine treated group and simvastatin treated group when compared with control and highcholesterol groups. Taurine showed better effect on hepatic enzyme activities and lipid profileparameters when compared with simvastatin treated groups.

The goal of this research was to isolate, identify and characterize Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and some other foodborne pathogens from randomly public distributedrestaurants in Basrah city, Iraq. Of the 134 bacterial isolates from restaurants samples, 36 wereconfirmed as S. aureus and out of 141 isolates, 72 were confirmed as E. coli using differentselective and enrichment bacteriological media. Data results of other microorganisms have beenexcluded from this study. However, result from this work indicates that preventive anddisinfectant plans should be considered to ensure contamination free restaurants for the betterhealth of all consumers.

The experiment was conducted in the fish laboratory of Animal Production Department, Facultyof agricultural sciences, University of Sulaimaniya in Kurdistan region of Iraq for the period from25/07/2015 to 15/10/2015. Starting with a period of the acclimatization for 21 days, to test theefficiency of using commercial dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as alternative protein source toanimal protein concentrate (APC) used in the manufacturing of diets for common carp Cyprinuscarpio L. by using 90 fish of common carp C. carpioat weights ranged 22-42 gm. Divided into 15groups distributed at randomly on 15 plastic ponds by five treatments with three replicates pertreatmentthetreatments contain different levels from APC and yeast S.cerevisiae as below: Firsttreatment (Control T1) 100% APC/ 0.00% yeast S. cerevisiae,second treatment (T2) 75% APC/25% yeast S. cerevisiae, third treatment (T3) 50% APC/ 50% yeast S. cerevisiae, forth treatment(T4) 25% APC/ 75% yeast S. cerevisiae, fifth treatment (T4) 0.00% APC/ 100% yeast S.cerevisiae. T5 was significantly differences (P≤0.05) in counts red blood cells RBC as comparedwith other treatments, T4 was significantly differences (P≤0.05) Packed Cell Volume (PCV) ascompared to the other treatments ,also treatments T3, T2 and T4 significantly increase (P≤0.05) inmean concentration of hemoglobin (MCHC) as compared to the other treatments,T2 wassignificantly increase (P≤0.05) in white blood cells counts WBC and granulocytes percentage ascompared to the other treatments ,also treatments T2 and T3 significantly increase (P≤0.05) inmonocytes percentage as compared to other treatments.The results of blood serum showed that T2 significant improvement (P≤0.05) inthe level of Cholesterol concentration as compared to the othertreatments, significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the level of Triglyceride concentration for T2 ascompared with T1 and T5, T3 was significantly improvement (P≤0.05) in High-density lipoproteins(HDL) as compared to the other treatments, significantly improvement (P≤0.05) in low-densitylipoproteins concentration LDL for othertreatments as compared with T1.

Total of (104) urine samples were collected from patients suffering from urinarytract infection with different age groups from five hospitals in Baghdad (Ibn-Albalady, Al Yarmouk, Medical city, Baghdad hospital and Al-Kandy) from theperiod of the beginning of September 2015 to the end of December 2015.All sampleswere examined by traditional methods based on cultural characteristics, biochemicaltest and API 20 strep. The results revealed 50 isolates to Enterococcus and this wasconfirmed by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) based on amplification ofspecies specific genes. PCR were performed for E.faecalis and E.faecium in order toconfirm the presence of EfaA genes which code for Enterococcus faecalisendocarditis antigen using specific primer for gene.The results showed thatEnterococcus contain a proportion of 100% of EfaA.Biofilm production was detectedin E.faecalis and E.faecium by using two methods: Congo red agar method andmicrotiter plate method.Our results show that22(44%) of Enterococcus isolates werestrong biofilm production,25(50%)as moderate and 3(6%) as week biofilm productionby use Congo red method.In microtiter plate method, our results show that 20(40%) ofbacterial isolates were detected as strong, 26(52%) as moderate and 4(8%) as weekbiofilm production. This study aims todiagnosis of E.faecalis and E.faecium fromurinary tract infection of patients by traditional and molecular methods, detection ofEfaA gene and its role in biofilm production.