Untreated water is well-known source of A.hydrophila which is in addition to its enteropathogenicpotential ,also display resistance to commonly used antibiotics , so this study aimed to compare AerokeyII and API20E in identification of A.hydrophila with studying of some virulence factors andantibiogram profile in untreated wells water in Thi-Qar province. Isolation was conducted by employingAmpicilin Blood Agar (ABA30) and MacConkey agar medium, the suspected colonies were identifiedby using biochemical scheme (AerokeyII) , and API20E . The results of this study revealed thatA.hydrophila was recovered from 8 out of 30 wells with incidence rate (27.6%), incidence variation wasnoted among different regions which was statistically significant . All isolates showed β-hemolysis ofhuman erythrocytes , 75% have proteolytic activity and 50% of isolates were DNase positive. Resultsof Antibiogram analysis revealed that all isolates exhibit resistance in percentage (100%) to fiveantibiotics including ;Clindamycin , Cephalothin , Vancomycin , ticarcilin-clavulanic acid , Ceftazidime,and the resistance to Cefoxitin was 75%, while all isolates were (100%) susceptible to Gentamicin ,Amikacin, Chloramphenicol, Ofloxacin ,Ciprofloxacin, Naldxic acid, Imipenem , Norfloxacin, andDeoxycyclin. The susceptibility to Ceftriaxone was 62.5% , Streptomycin 87.5% and Trimethoprime87.5% . The study concluded that , high correlation between Aerokey II and API20E in identification ofA.hydrophila and untreated wells water are an important source of multi-drug resistant enteropathogenicA.hydrophila which pose public health threat especially to individuals using this kind of water source

This study was conducted to detect the causative agents of skin ulceration inponds carp fish in Sulaimani province. Samples were taken from 5ponds of commoncarp fish (Cyprinus Carpio L.) from different regions in Sulaimani province haveulcerated skin lesion .These pounds are available in Kfry, Kanarwe, Chwarta and 2ponds in Dukan.The results of the study revealed that the main causative agent of the skinulceration was a bacterial infection and the main bacterial species were 9 species thatwere isolated from skin lesion, which were the following bacteria (Pseudomonas spp,Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Yarsinakrestensia, Serratia odorifera, Escherichia coli, Proteus volgaris and Edwardsiellatarda).The high isolated bacterial prevalence in this study were Pseudomonas sps andCitrobacter freundii (19.35%) which have been isolated from 2 ponds. The rate ofisolated Edwardsiella tarda was (12.89 %),while the rate of Proteus volgaris Proteusvolgaris, E.coli and Yarsina Kerstenia were isolated separately with the same ratio9.66 % .Citrobacter amalonaticus, Enterobacter aerogenes and Serratia odoriferawere isolated with the same ratio 6.44% from the skin lesion.There was only one complicated case (bacterial infection with parasite) theparasite was protozoan (Chilodonella cyprinii).

The study was demonstrated on quantitative evaluation of SRY and ZFX gene of (120) semenstraws from 10 Holliston bull (60) straws in cooling state 5C° and 60 straws after deep freezingin liquid nitrogen) . The samples collected from the Artificial Insemination Center of Abo-Ghreeb / Baghdad . All samples were sent to the laboratory for DNA extraction using (QiampDNA extraction Kit) and primer design then testing in real time PCR. The results showed therewere highly significant variation in the sex ratio of cooled and frozen semen straws which variedbetween (35%-59% in ZFX , 37%-58% in SRY and 40%-69% in ZFX , 30%-53% in SRY forfrozen and cooled semen respectively ) . The study conclude that it was easy and possible todetect the quantity of sex ratio for each bull through using real time PCR . The freezing processof semen could cause decrease in the percentages of SRY (minimum 30%) and increase in thepercentage of ZFX (maximum 69%) .

During a period of five months (August 2015 to December 2015), a total of 250 samples werecollected 125 from hospitalized children suffering from diarrhea, and 125 from buffalo feces samplescollected from different regions in Basra Province, (Basra City Center, Abo alkaseeb, alqurna,karmat Ali, A lzobeer). All specimens were screened for the presence of E. coli O157H7. A total of104 (41.6%) of suspected E. coli isolates were obtained : 62 from children stool and 42 from buffalofeces, All suspected isolates were tested biochemically. 6 out of 62 from children stool 9.7% and 4out of 42 from buffalo feces 9.5% were Non-Sorbitol Fermented E. coli (NSFEC). All the isolateswere found to be resistant to at least 7 antibiotics to which they were subjected. Therefore, all thesefour isolates were considered to be multidrug resistant. PCR assay for amplification of tem generevealed that 6 of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates that isolated from children and buffalo were positivefor tem gene.

The aim of the present study is to assess the physiological impact of clove powder and oil as anesthetics on young common carp (averaged 60 g in weight). Three concentrations of clove powder (200, 300 and 400 mg/L) and clove oil (1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L) were used with three replicates of 3 fish in 30 L glass aquaria each. Time of anesthesia and recovery in addition to physiological indices (ventilation rate, plasma sugar and cortisol levels, RBC and WBC count) were monitored. Carp exposed to doses of clove powder showed clear adverse relation between induction time and concentration of the anesthetic, (452 sec. in 200 mg/ L and 137sec. in 400 mg/L). Recovery time was negatively correlated to induction time and was directly proportional with increasing doses of clove powder (290 sec. at 400mg/L and 199 sec. at 200mg/L). The ventilation rate increased significantly in all stages of anesthesia and recovery compared to control (17.5 /15 sec.). RBC decreased at higher concentrations to 0.78 and 0.34 x1012 cells/L compared to control (0.93x10 12 cell/L) during anesthesia and recovery stages. WBC count declined in both anesthesia and recovery stages, coinciding with the elevation of sugar and cortisol which act as an immunosuppressive. Fish exposed to 1 and 1.5 and 2 ml/L of clove oil took 275, 208 and 93 sec. respectively, to enter complete anesthesia. The longest time to the full recovery (239.25 sec.) was seen at high concentration and decreased to 229 sec. in light concentration. There was a clear negative correlation between anesthesia and recovery times. RBCs count decreased significantly to (0.88x1012cells/L) at1.5 ml/L. It increased during recovery compared to control (0.92x1012cells/L). WBC count in anesthetized fishes with 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L show significant increase to (218, 198 and 232x109cells/L) respectively, when compared to control group(128x109cells/L). They increased to (191, 162 and 207 x109 cells/L) during recovery. Significant increase in the concentrations of cortisol was seen during anesthesia and recovery compared with control. No increase in sugar level was detected during anesthesia with only slight increase during recovery. Results were discussed in terms of physiological status of fish during sedation and recovery for both materials.

This study was carried out for detection of Salmonella isolates from 278 different samples(direct milk 50 samples, indirect milk 50 samples, feces 50 samples, teat swabs 50 samples ,hand milker swabs 28 and 50 stool samples ) in Basrah during the period between 20 September2015 to 5 January 2016. The results revealed that the incidence rate of Salmonella isolates insamples was 6.1% by using API system, serotyping and PCR technique. Serological methodsrevealed that high percentage of Salmonella serotype was Salmonella typhimurium 29.5%. Thehighest resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates were found against chloramphenicol and rifampin(100%). Whereas the lowest resistance was against ciprofloxacin (0.0%). Using plasmid curingby temperature method showed that 41.1% of total Salmonella isolates were related plasmidantimicrobial resistance.

aim of this study was to estimated genetic parameters of dystocia variable in Holsteindairy cows in Iran. For this purpose we used of data set that related to 734 herds of Holsteincows in Iran that was collected from 24 years ago (between 1990-2014) by breeding centerand improve livestock production of Iran country. To study the structure of the data,descriptive statistics and observations to correction effects we used of the SAS 9.1 statisticalsoftware and GLM procedure. To obtain genetic parameters attribute dystocia we used of AIREML procedures of WOMBAT software to analyzed univariate linear model and the resultsobtained are as follows: Additive variance, residual variance, phenotypic variance andheritability (±SE) for the first period of lactation, are 0.0045103, 0.029629, 0.034139,0.132±0.003 respectively, for the second period of lactation are 0.00063452, 0.073695,0.074329, 0.009±0.002 respectively and for third period of lactation are 0.00036919,0.073817, 0.074187, 0.005±0.001 respectively was estimated. In all three lactation periodswe can seen that lowest percentage of dystocia was occurred at age 27 to 28 months 18.66%,between the ages of 28 to 38 months 10.14% and for ages 40 to 51 months 9.61% and by considering Cochran Armitage test results we can determined that the difference between the classes for this trend is significant statistically(p<0.0001).

This study was aimed to detect the presence of Escherichia coli in frozen meat. A total of200 samples were collected from Basrah markets in the period extending from September2015 to March 2016. These samples were composed of 50 frozen fish samples, 50 frozenburger samples, 50 frozen chicken samples and(50) worker's hands swabs. Differenttechniques were used in this study to evaluate the presence of Escherichia coli whichcontaminate the frozen meat, these techniques included the traditional bacteriological assays,commercial identification kit (API 20 E) and molecular techniques (PCR). Results of thesetechniques indicated 25 (12.5%) samples were positive to Escherichia coli , as identified byAPI 20 E system. The results of 25 isolates of Escherichia coli which confirmed by PCR,These isolates were subjected to PCR [sta gene, stb gene, lt gene and uspA gene]. The resultsPCR confirmed only 16 of these isolates contain sta gene and 5 of these isolates contain uspAgene ,While isolates do not contain the gene stb or lt genes.

The study was carried out in Al-Najaf province to evaluate the effects of FMDdisease on sixty pregnant cow at 3rd trimester time and on its fetuses , during June ,July and August of 2014 .The animals were divided into three groups (20 cows for each) according togestation period A , B and C on seven, eight and nine month of gestationrespectively. The cows were given antipyretic , systemic antibiotic and local treatmentfor mouth and hoofs lesions .Results showed 15% , 20% and 30% of cows were aborted in seven , eight andnine month of gestation respectively . None of fetuses were found dead in group A ,whereas 3% and 15% were dead in group B and C respectively .

Investigation of bovine adenovirus type 3 in symptomatic and asymptomaticcattle were carried out in this study ofdetecting circulating specific bovine adenovirustype 3 antibodies by Indirect ELISA and standard PCR technique. The studyexhibited these virus have detected by ELISA more than PCR technique. The resultswere showed thatthe overall seropositivity ratio of bovine adenovirus antibodies inanimals of Basra was (61.9%) and bovine fecal samples will tested byPCRwereonly seven fecal positive sample (6.1%) was found.